THE NATURE OF THE IMAGE WITHIN TECHNOLOGICAL ART IN THE MID – 20TH CENTURY. LUMINO KINETIC EXPERIMENTS BY FRANK MALINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Irina N. Zakharchenko ◽  
◽  
Olga M. Shchedrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Kinetic Art ◽  
Artistic Medium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the Russian-speaking academic environment the authors of the paper analyze the creative legacy of the scientist, aeronautical engineer and artist Frank Joseph Malina (1912–1981). His working practices reflected the most important ethic and aesthetic aspirations of the mid-twentieth century, what became an important contribution to the development of modern visual culture. The pioneer of Lumino Kinetic art F.Malina created several unique electromechanical systems for the production of an image, the media infrastructure and technological nature of which would later become the visual standard of the digital age. The discovery of electric light as a new artistic medium allowed him to focus on the production methods, control and processing algorithms for light that produces images. The Lumino Kinetic experiments of F. Malina are based on understanding the new nature of the image, born during the era of scientific discoveries. Several decades before the iconic turn was proclaimed by academic science, they presented the image as a system of relations that is formed in acts of perception and that is not based on visible, but felt, ideated, imagined reality. While creating his works F. Malina dreamed of modeling qualitatively new perceptual conditions for the existence of mankind aimed at further progress and traveling to the stars.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ali Umut Şen ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Thermochemical Method ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
First Time

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.

Visualizing Winchester: a brand history through iconic Western images

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence H. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wild West Shows ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Lever Action ◽  
The Media ◽  
Heroic Narrative

Purpose This paper aims to present a visually documented brand history of Winchester Repeating Arms through a cultural analysis of iconic Western images featuring its lever action rifles. Design/methodology/approach The study applies visual culture perspectives and methods to the research and writing of brand history. Iconic Western images featuring Winchester rifles have been selected, examined, and used as points of departure for gathering and interpreting additional data about the brand. The primary sources consist chiefly of photographs from the nineteenth century and films and television shows from the twentieth century. Most visual source materials were obtained from the US Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, the Buffalo Bill Center of the West and the Internet Movie Firearms Database. These have been augmented by written sources. Findings Within a few years of the launch of the Winchester brand in 1866, visual images outside company control associated its repeating rifles with the settlement of the American West and with the colorful people involved. Some of these images were reproduced in books and others sold to consumers in the form of cartes de visite, cabinet cards and stereographs made from albumen prints. Starting in the 1880s, the live Wild West shows of William F. Cody and his stars entertained audiences with a heroic narrative of the period that included numerous Winchesters. During the twentieth century and into the present, Winchesters have been featured in motion pictures and television series with Western themes. Research limitations/implications Historical research is an ongoing process. The discovery of new primary data, both written and visual, may lead to a revised interpretation of the selected images. Originality/value Based largely on images as primary data sources, this study approaches brand history from the perspective of visual culture theory and data. The research shows how brands acquire meaning not just from the companies that own them but also from consumers, the media and other producers of popular culture.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Oyster Attributes: Field Experiments on Brand, Locality, and Growing Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Kecinski ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Lauren Knapp ◽  
Yosef Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oyster Aquaculture ◽  
First Time

Oyster aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth in the United States over the past decade, but little is known about consumer preferences for oysters. This study analyzed preferences for oysters with varied combinations of brands, production locations, and production methods (aquaculture vs. wild-caught) using dichotomous choice, revealed preference economic field experiments. Results suggest significant and distinct differences in behavior between first-time and regular oyster consumers. While infrequent oyster consumers were drawn to oysters labeled as wild-caught, experienced oyster consumers preferred oysters raised via aquaculture. These findings will be valuable for growers and policymakers who invest in aquaculture to improve surrounding ecosystems.

scholarly journals SOVIET REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CLERGE OF THE GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1944–1947 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FR. IVAN KOTIV’S BIOGRAPHY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-341
Author(s):  
Mykola Haliv ◽  
Anna Ohar
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Summary. Based on the prosopographic approach and analysis of the Fr. Ivan Kotiv biography the article studies the forms and methods of Soviet repressions against the Greek Catholic clergy. The purpose of the article is on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv to analyze and cover the repressive activities against the Greek Catholic Church in 1944–1947. The research methodology is based on prosopographic approach, principles of historicism, scientific, authorial objectivity, application of general scientific (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-typological) methods. The novelty of the study is that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science an attempt has been made to shed light on the repressive activities of the Soviet authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy through the prism of a prosographic analysis of the activities of Fr. Ivan Kotiv, one of the informal leaders of the Greek Catholic clergy in the liquidation of the GCC. The Conclusions. Thus, on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv analyzed and covered the repressive activities against the GCC in 1944–1946. In our opinion, the repressive policy of the Soviet authorities towards the clergy of the GCC during the outlined period can be divided into several stages: 1) stage of "soft pressure" (August 1944 – March 1945), which was characterized by careful study and analysis of the internal situation of the GCC, personality traits of leading figures among the Greek Catholic clergy, gradual propaganda and intelligence training of the Union Church to join the ROC, dissemination of rhetoric individually and through the media and study the clergy the idea; 2) the stage of organizational and repressive pressure (April 1945 – March 1946), which was marked by the arrests of the top of the GCC, the creation and operation of the CIG, neutralization of opposition attempts led by K. Sheptytsky and I. Kotiv to conduct special operations to "reunite" churches; 3) the stage of total repressions against the clergy, which did not recognize the decisions of the Lviv Pseudo-Council (March 1946 – May 1947). In fact, all these stages are quite clearly traced in the relationship of Fr. I. Kotiv with the Soviet authorities, and thus his activity in the period under study is quite representative and prosopographically relevant for understanding the complexity of the GCC in the restoration of the Soviet totalitarian regime in the Western Ukraine in the first postwar years.

scholarly journals Planetary Cinema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Luca
Keyword(s):  
Media History ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The story is now familiar. In the late 1960s humanity finally saw photographic evidence of the Earth in space for the first time. According to this narrative, the impact of such images in the consolidation of a planetary consciousness is yet to be matched. This book tells a different story. It argues that this narrative has failed to account for the vertiginous global imagination underpinning the media and film culture of the late nineteenth century and beyond. Panoramas, giant globes, world exhibitions, photography and stereography: all promoted and hinged on the idea of a world made whole and newly visible. When it emerged, cinema did not simply contribute to this effervescent globalism so much as become its most significant and enduring manifestation. Planetary Cinema proposes that an exploration of that media culture can help us understand contemporary planetary imaginaries in times of environmental collapse. Engaging with a variety of media, genres and texts, the book sits at the intersection of film/media history and theory/philosophy, and it claims that we need this combined approach and expansive textual focus in order to understand the way we see the world.

scholarly journals infância, cultura visual e educação

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Adriana Hoffmann Fernandes ◽  
Helenice Mirabelli Cassino
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This article combines thoughts about childhood, visual culture and education. It is known that we live among multiple images that shape the way we see our reality, and researchers in the visual culture field investigate how this role is played out in our culture. The goal is to make some applications those ideas, to think about the relationship between the images and education. This article tries to grasp what visual culture is and in what ways presumptions about childhood generate and are generated by this association. It also discusses the genesis of these presumptions and the images they generate through a philosophical approach, questioning the role of education in a culture tied to the media, and about how children, who are familiar with multiple screens, presage a new visual literacy. We see how images play a fundamental role in the way children give meaning to the world around them and to themselves, in the context of their local culture. Given this context, it is necessary to consider how visual culture is tied to the elementary school, and what challenges confront the generation of wider and more creative ways to approach visual framing in children’s education.

scholarly journals Practices of Constructing Regional Identity in the Media Discourse of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
O. V. Ilyina ◽  
E. V. Kablukov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
The Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Material

The authors consider identity as a conditional discursive construct, the result of subjects of discourse identifications and offer their own methodology for its analysis. It is shown that regional identity can be represented in the form of a model based on spatial and temporal identifications that specify the coordinate system of reality in which there are residents of the region in question. The concept of space-time is complemented by a set of diverse thematic identifications, including economic, political, cultural, ethnic, religious, linguistic, etc. For the first time in the framework of the socio-constructionist paradigm, a discursive model of the regional identity of the inhabitants of Tatarstan is constructed in the article. The empirical material of the study is the corpus of texts of Tatarstan media for 2017-2019. It is shown that the spatial identification of Tatarstan people includes the practice of selecting, nominating and describing significant geographical objects, the practice of constructing relations of Tatarstan with other geographical objects. Particular attention is paid to the practice of constructing the capital status of a regional center, as well as the relationship of spatial and political identifications. Analyzing the practices of ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural identification, the authors come to the conclusion that the identity of the Tatarstan people is ethnocentric: despite the declared multinationality and multi-confessionality of the region, Tatars as an ethnic group, Tatar language, Tatar culture and Islam as a traditional religion of the Tatars are of particular importance.

scholarly journals Emigration of Jews from the Soviet Union in the 1960-1970s through the eyes of the American press

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Antoshin ◽  
Dmitry L. Strovsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the features of Soviet emigration and repatriation in the second half of the 1960s through the early 1970s, when for the first time after a long period of time, and as a result of political agreements between the USSR and the USA, hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews were able to leave the Soviet Union for good and settle in the United States and Israel. Our attention is focused not only on the history of this issue and the overall political situation of that time, but mainly on the peculiarities of this issue coverage by the leading American printed media. The reference to the media as the main empirical source of this study allows not only perceiving the topic of emigration and repatriation in more detail, but also seeing the regularities of the political ‘face’ of the American press of that time. This study enables us to expand the usual framework of knowledge of emigration against the background of its historical and cultural development in the 20th century.

The Silver Triton

Nuncius ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alan Dorin ◽  
Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Media Image ◽  
The Media ◽  
Technological Options

Abstract This article assesses the imperial Roman technological options and cultural impetus for constructing and displaying an automaton Triton. Suetonius reports that such a figure announced the commencement of a staged sea battle organised by Emperor Claudius to entertain the Roman citizens in 52 CE. This automaton, whose feasibility we assess, fits neatly as an application of the pneumatic techniques summarised by Heron of Alexandria, who was probably alive at the time. By drawing attention to this little discussed passage of Suetonius, our article corroborates the idea that these techniques were useful – here contributing to the “media-image” and audio-visual culture of Claudius’ imperial agenda – and that their wondrous effects provided an intellectual bridge between their practical utility and their ability to contribute to the philosophy of science and technology.

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