scholarly journals CONVERSION OF CO2 TO HYDROCARBON SYNFUEL BY UTILIZING NUCLEAR HYDROGEN COGENERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Djati H Salimy
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

A study of the utilization of hydrogen cogeneration with nuclear energy as a technology for the conversion of CO2 into synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out. The aim of the study is to understand the conversion of CO2 and H2 into synthetic fuels, as well as the role of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration for the production of hydrogen and as a source of process heat energy. The method used is literature study based on the results of existing research. Conventionally, synthetic fuel production from coal is produced through coal gasification process, followed by reacting synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H2) in FT reactor to synthesis fuel. In this study, we studied the production of synthetic fuels with CO2 and H2 raw materials. CO2 comes from emissions of coal-fired plants, whereas H2 is produced by nuclear hydrogen cogeneration systems. The results show that compared to conventional processes, CO2 and H2-based processes supported by coal cogeneration systems provide significant advantages in terms of CO2 emissions. The process based on coal gasification and nuclear cogeneration, capable of reducing emissions by up to 75% and saving up to 40% of coal consumption. While the process based only on CO2 and nuclear hydrogen cogeneration (without coal gasification), teoretically can operate witout any CO2 emission at all. Even this process can captured and utilize CO2 emissions from coal fired plant, and use it as a raw material for the process.

APPLICATION OF THE CARNOL PROCESS TO PRODUCE METHANOL AND REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
A. S. SVIRIDOV ◽  
◽  
P. E. NOR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Methanol Production

The Carnol system is the production of methanol from carbon dioxide (obtained from coal-fired power plants) and natural gas, and the use of the resulting methanol as an alternative fuel. The Carnol process produces hydrogen by thermal decomposition of natural gas, which then interacts with the CO2 extracted from the flue emissions of power plants. The resulting carbon can be stored or used as a raw material. The paper provides an estimated characteristic of the reduction of CO2 emissions of the Carnol process and system, and compares it with other traditional methanol production processes, including the use of biomass of industrial raw materials and vehicles powered by methanol fuel cells. CO2 emissions from a Carnol system that uses methanol as an alternative fuel can be reduced by 56 % compared to a conventional coal-fired power plant system. In the case of the use of methanol as fuel for motor vehicles, carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Gasification of Coal and Its Macerals and Prediction of the Synergistic Effects Under Typical Entrained-Bed Pulverized Coal Gasification Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Dengting Guo ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Mengxia Xu ◽  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Coal Mass ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Synergistic Coefficient

Abstract This research is focused on the gasification performance of coal and its corresponding macerals as well as on the interactions among macerals under typical gasification conditions by Aspen Plus modeling. The synergistic coefficient was employed to show the degree of interactions, while the performance indicators including specific oxygen consumption (SOC), specific coal consumption (SCC), cold gas efficiency (CGE), and effective syngas (CO + H2) content were used to evaluate the gasification process. Sensitivity analyses showed that the parent coal and its macerals exhibited different gasification behaviors at the same operating conditions, such as the SOC and SCC decreased in the order of inertinite > vitrinite > liptinite, whereas CGE changed in the order of liptinite > vitrinite > inertinite. The synergistic coefficients of SOC and SCC for the simulated coals were in the range of 0.94–0.97, whereas the synergistic coefficient of CGE was 1.05–1.13. Moreover, it was found that synergistic coefficients of gasification indicators correlated well with maceral contents. In addition, the increase in temperature was found to promote the synergistic coefficients slightly, whilst at an oxygen to coal mass ratio of 0.8 and a steam to coal mass ratio of 0.8, the highest synergistic coefficient was obtained.

scholarly journals Application prospects of Irkutsk region thermal coals

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1284
Author(s):  
L. N. Takaishvili ◽  
G. V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Coal Chemistry

The purpose of the paper is to assess application directions and prospects of Irkutsk region power generating coals for the needs of electric and heat power engineering with regard to the possible export of elect rical energy to the countries of South-East Asia, and use as raw materials for coal chemistry needs. The research is carried out using the methods of system analysis involving analysis and synthesis, formalization and concretization, structuring and restructuring, classification. It is the first time when the category of local power generating coals is distinguished under the analysis of the balance reserves of thermal coals. Their feature is low-quality and remoteness from settlements and transportation lanes. Their resource estimate is also given – 0.54 billion tons. An estimate of the recoverable reserves of local coals is obtained: it is 260 million tons. The potential level of local coal production is calculated. A retrospect of consumption trends of regional thermal coals is given and possible application directions are considered in the long run. It is shown that the most demanded direction is the use of coals for energy needs, mainly at thermal power plants. The calculated volumes of coal consumption of two export TPPs, Mugunskaya and Ishideiskaya, are respectively 11 and 6 million tons. According to the authors' calculations, the percentage of electrical energy generation at coal -fired TPPs depending on its export variant implementation can increase by 1.5 – 2.1 times as compared with the level of 2019. Availability of significant reserves of power generating coals in the region makes them a reliable source of energy resources for the electric and thermal power industry, including the export of electrical energy and a promising raw material for the needs of coal chemistry. Potential capacity of coal mining is estimated at 50-60 million tons per year, including 6.5 million tons of local coals. Production potential of coal significantly exceeds its demand both at present and in the future.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Bahan Baku Acrylic Resin Pada Produk Spray Paint di PT X

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Nurlita Utami ◽  
Sena Atmaja ◽  
Yogi Priyo Istiyono
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Poor Adhesion

Thermo Plastic Acrylic resin has an important role in the manufacture of spray paint, namely as a binder or binder. The resin in paint has a function as a film formation, has adhesion to the substrate as well as pigment binders and additives, so that to produce a spray paint with good quality mechanical properties, PT X must be selective in controlling the quality of the raw material for Thermo Plasic Acrylic Resin. The purpose of this study was to determine the problems faced by PT X related to the quality of Thermo Plastic Acrylic Resin raw materials, to identify the most dominant factors affecting the quality of these raw materials and to formulate the most appropriate solutions to be applied in improving the quality of these raw materials. This research uses observation, interview, and literature study methods. Sources of data came from stakeholders and quality control staff of PT X. This study used check sheets, histogram diagrams, u-control maps, and fishbone diagrams to complete the analysis process. From the test results of the Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin raw material, it is known that the factor that causes rejection is due to adhesion, namely 53.57%, gloss 33.33%, and dry touch 13.10%, all three of the total raw materials that are rejected when the raw material is applied in form paint and spray on the film plate. The most dominant cause of reject was poor adhesion, namely 53.57% of the total reject raw materials.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA PT. CIOMAS ADISATWA MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Melky Alessandro Purba ◽  
◽  
Dimita H. P. Purba ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin ◽  
Mulatua P. Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Analysis Technique

This study aims to determine the application of accounting information system for raw material inventories at PT. Ciomas Adisatwa Medan. To find out the application of the accounting system for raw material inventory at PT. Ciomas Adisatwa Medan, data collection techniques were used, namely literature study and field research techniques. While the analysis technique used is a descriptive method. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that application of the accounting information system for raw material inventory at PT. Ciomas Adisatwa Medan has been implemented not good, because there is still inaccurate information that is the demand for raw materials is not in accordance with what is received by the production. Weaknesses Oversight of raw material inventory in warehouses is piling up and is not suitable for processing. The delay in the schedule of order for supporting raw materials to be processed, so the production process does not run properly. The procedures used in the accounting information system for raw material inventory at PT. Ciomas Adisatwa Medan, among others, procedures for requesting raw materials, procedures for receiving raw materials and procedures for issuing raw materials.

scholarly journals Resource Security Strategies and Their Environmental and Economic Implications: A Case Study of Copper Production in Japan

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3021
Author(s):  
Ran Motoori ◽  
Benjamin McLellan ◽  
Andrew Chapman ◽  
Tetsuo Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Mineral Production ◽  
Ocean Mining

Japan is a nation which is highly dependent on the import of raw materials to supply its manufacturing industry, notable among them copper. When extracting copper from ore, a large amount of energy is required, typically leading to high levels of CO2 emissions due to the fossil fuel-dominated energy mix. Moreover, maintaining security of raw material supply is difficult if imports are the only source utilized. This study examines the environmental and economic impacts of domestic mineral production from the recycling of end-of-life products and deep ocean mining as strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance security of raw material supplies. The results indicate that under the given assumptions, recycling, which is typically considered to be less CO2 intensive, produces higher domestic emissions than current copper processing, although across the whole supply chain shows promise. As the total quantity of domestic resources from deep ocean ores are much smaller than the potential from recycling, it is possible that recycling could become a mainstream supply alternative, while deep ocean mining is more likely to be a niche supply source. Implications of a progressively aging society and flow-on impacts for the recycling sector are discussed.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production based on the use of raw materials of coking plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Kudryashova ◽  
E. A. Kharlampenkov ◽  
N. V. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Ecological and economic aspects of vinyl chloride production are considered as the main resource for production of polyvinyl chloride using by-products of coking enterprise, including low-grade coke, as well as coke gas. Implementation of this project is possible based on carbon technologies and technology of conversion of methane contained in coke gas into acetylene using hydrogen-arc pyrolysis. It is proposed to include cryogenic separation of coke gas into methane and hydrogen, needed for implementation of this technology and production of hydrogen chloride as a component for production of vinyl chloride in process of raw material preparation. Rational use of resources of two Kemerovo enterprises - “Cock” PJSC and “Khimprom” PJSC for this product manufacturing allows optimization of added value chain. Currently, “Coke” PJSC has inoperative volumes of coke gas, which can be used as a raw material for vinyl chloride production. Carbon technology of PVC production, as international practice has shown, is economically advantageous if cost of coal raw materials and waste coke production is 40% lower than cost of oil or natural gas. Analysis of economic expenditures and cost of vinyl chloride production based on added value chains have identified the most “narrow” elements of technological process, requiring innovative solutions to reduce costs and environmental impact of production.

scholarly journals ΣIDERWIN—A New Route for Iron Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Sevasti Koutsoupa ◽  
Stavroula Koutalidi ◽  
Efthymios Balomenos ◽  
Dimitrios Panias
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Alumina Production

Iron and steel production contributes to ~10% of global CO2 emissions. In recent decades, different scenarios and low-emission pathways have been taken up by steelmaking industries with the collaboration of universities and research institutes to tackle this problem. One of the most promising novel methods to replace the current steelmaking process is the low-temperature electrolysis of iron oxide. This technology is currently being developed under the H2020 ΣIDERWIN project, a European project led by ArcelorMittal, the world’s leading steel and mining company. The ΣIDERWIN project aims at developing an innovative electrochemical process to transform iron oxide into steel metal plates. This process produces steel by electrolysis without direct CO2 emissions. In this operation, electrical energy and iron oxide are converted into chemical energy consisting of separated iron metal from the oxygen gas. It is a disruptive innovation that entirely shifts the way steel is presently produced. One of the advantages of this process is the fact that, in addition to iron oxide (hematite), it is possible to feed this process with other iron-containing raw materials. An alternative raw material which is being studied to be used in this process is bauxite residue (BR), the waste material from the Bayer process for alumina production. The iron oxide of the conversion of bauxite residue to metallic iron is under investigation, and insights are showing that it could follow up the electrochemical route for sustainable iron production. This research deals with the effect of the current density and temperature on current efficiency comparing two different raw materials, pure iron oxide–hematite and bauxite residue.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBEDAAN BANTUK BAHAN BAKU DAN SUHU GASIFIKASI AMPAS TEBU TERHADAP PRODUKSI HIDROGEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Shafwan Amrullah ◽  
Theresia Evila
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Gasification Technology ◽  
Gasification Temperature

The use of fossil fuel at this time is very disturbing the survival, especially related to environmental and economic impacts. While the needs of world anergy continue to increase. The increase reached 80% until 2040. To overcome this problem, scientists have developed gasification technology that can produce fuel as a substitute for fossil fuel. Gasification from biomass can produce synthetic gas that is more environmentally friendly and renewable. so the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different forms of raw material and temperature on hydrogen produced by the gasification process made  from sugarcane bagasse. This research was conducted through a process of gasification made from bagasse biomass  to produce synthetic gas that can replace fossil fuel. The type of reactor used is downdraft type reactor. This research was carried out by the gasification process using raw material in the form of sugarcane bagasse with diameters and lengths of 6 mm and 50 mm respectively and the others in the form of fibers . Gasification is also carried out with variations in temperature, namely 800, 950 and 1,050oC . After that, the synthetic gas produced is tested by Gas Chromatography on each variable so that the hydrogen content is known. The hydrogen produced is defined in the form of H2, CH4  products, and the value of hydrogen conversion efficiency. The results obtained showed an increase in H2, CH4, and hydrogen conversion efficiency with an increase in gasification temperature, both in the form of pellets and ash. As for the change in the form of raw materials from pellets to fibers, it causes a decrease in H2, CH4, and hydrogen conversion efficiency values. H2 compositions produced at temperatures of 800, 950, and 1050oC were 10.618, 12.080, 11.312% by volume and 3.025, 2.925, 3.150% by volume, respectively. CH4 composition for raw materials in the form of pellets and fibers at temperatures of 800, 950, and 1050oC were 1.040, 2.622, 2.867% by volume and 0.846, 0.856, 1.051% by volume, respectively. The value obtained is relatively very small compared to the results obtained in previous studies. The value of hydrogen conversion efficiency for raw materials in the form of pellets and fibers at 800, 950, and 1050oC are 1.62%, 3.45%, 3.91% and 1.89%, 1.92%, 2, 32%.

scholarly journals KOMPONEN SARGASSUM AQUIFOLIUM SEBAGAI HORMON PEMICU TUMBUH UNTUK EUCHEUMA COTTONII

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Nunik Cokrowati ◽  
Nanda Diniarti
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Article Study ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

Abstrak: Sargassum aquifolium merupakan alga coklat dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kertas pembungkus makanan, bahan baku makanan, farmasi serta kosmetik. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji komponen yang dimiliki Sargassum aquifolium dan berpotensi sebagai hormon pemicu tumbuh untuk Eucheuma cottonii. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan artikel ini adalah studi pustaka yang berasal dari google scholar, Elsevier dan academia. Informasi yang diperoleh selanjutnya disintesis dan dibuat formulasi rumusan kesimpulan. Data kualitatif yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah hasil analisis berbagai referensi terkait dengan review yang disusun. Hasil sintesis yang diperoleh menerangkan bahwa Sargassum aquifolium mengandung karbohidrat (59,51%), lemak (8,41%), Ca (3,34%), Fe (0,12%), P (0,18%) Fe (0,12%), Ca (3,34%), air (12,79%), abu (12,79%), N (7.22%). Komponen yang ada pada Sargassum aquifolium tersebut, berpotensi sebagai fitohormon yang dapat digunakan sebagai pemicu tumbuh pada Eucheuma cottonii.Kata kunci: ekstrak, alga coklat, fitohormon, pertumbuhan, rumput laut.  Abstract: Sargassum aquifolium is brown algae and can be used as raw material for food wrapping paper, food raw materials, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The objective of this study is to review articles that study the components possessed by Sargassum aquifolium and potentially as a growth trigger hormone for Eucheuma cottonii.  The method used in writing this article is a descriptive literature study from google scholar, Elsevier, and Academia. The qualitative data used in this article is the result of the analysis of various references related to the reviews prepared. Based on the synthesis of the article study, it was explained that Sargassum aquifolium contained carbohydrates (59.51%), fat (8.41%), Ca (3.34%), Fe (0.12%), P (0.18%) Fe (0.12%), Ca (3.34%), water (12.79%), ash (12.79%), N (7.22%). The components in Sargassum aquifolium have the potential as a phytohormone which can be used as a growth trigger for Eucheuma cottonii.Keywords: extract, brown algae, phytohormone, growth, seaweed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document