scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBEDAAN BANTUK BAHAN BAKU DAN SUHU GASIFIKASI AMPAS TEBU TERHADAP PRODUKSI HIDROGEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Shafwan Amrullah ◽  
Theresia Evila
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Gasification Technology ◽  
Gasification Temperature

The use of fossil fuel at this time is very disturbing the survival, especially related to environmental and economic impacts. While the needs of world anergy continue to increase. The increase reached 80% until 2040. To overcome this problem, scientists have developed gasification technology that can produce fuel as a substitute for fossil fuel. Gasification from biomass can produce synthetic gas that is more environmentally friendly and renewable. so the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different forms of raw material and temperature on hydrogen produced by the gasification process made  from sugarcane bagasse. This research was conducted through a process of gasification made from bagasse biomass  to produce synthetic gas that can replace fossil fuel. The type of reactor used is downdraft type reactor. This research was carried out by the gasification process using raw material in the form of sugarcane bagasse with diameters and lengths of 6 mm and 50 mm respectively and the others in the form of fibers . Gasification is also carried out with variations in temperature, namely 800, 950 and 1,050oC . After that, the synthetic gas produced is tested by Gas Chromatography on each variable so that the hydrogen content is known. The hydrogen produced is defined in the form of H2, CH4  products, and the value of hydrogen conversion efficiency. The results obtained showed an increase in H2, CH4, and hydrogen conversion efficiency with an increase in gasification temperature, both in the form of pellets and ash. As for the change in the form of raw materials from pellets to fibers, it causes a decrease in H2, CH4, and hydrogen conversion efficiency values. H2 compositions produced at temperatures of 800, 950, and 1050oC were 10.618, 12.080, 11.312% by volume and 3.025, 2.925, 3.150% by volume, respectively. CH4 composition for raw materials in the form of pellets and fibers at temperatures of 800, 950, and 1050oC were 1.040, 2.622, 2.867% by volume and 0.846, 0.856, 1.051% by volume, respectively. The value obtained is relatively very small compared to the results obtained in previous studies. The value of hydrogen conversion efficiency for raw materials in the form of pellets and fibers at 800, 950, and 1050oC are 1.62%, 3.45%, 3.91% and 1.89%, 1.92%, 2, 32%.

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

Cerâmica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (351) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. P. Faria ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

scholarly journals The use of microalgae as the raw material of bioethanol

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luthfi Assadad ◽  
Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo ◽  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Optimum Utilization

Biofuel is one of alternative fossil fuel, in which the raw materials come from biological resources.One of the raw materials for biofuel production is microalgae. Microalgae grows rapidly, does notcompete with food for humans, and needs small areas to cultivate. Utilization of microalgae forbiofuel research nowadays is focusing on biodiesel production, but actually microalgae can beused to produce other biofuels such as bioethanol. The carbohydrate content of the microalgaecan be converted into glucose and fermented into alcohol. Carbohydrate content of the microalgaeis about 5.0–67.9%, which could produce bioethanol up to 38%. A harmony between bioethanoland biodiesel production from microalgae is needed for the optimum utilization of microalgae.Bioethanol production from microalgae can be done using de-oiled microalgae.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES PEMBUATAN GAS SINTETIK DARI BATUBARA DAN PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN PADA INDUSTRI HILIRNYA = TECHNOLOGY REVIEW PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC GAS FROM COAL UTILIZATION AND PROSPECT IN DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Muslim Efendi Harahap ◽  
Endro Wahju Tjahjono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Coal Reserves

AbstractPotential coal reserves in Indonesia are very abundant, but which became the key issue is the utilization in Indonesia is still not optimal. One alternative to use the coal is by converting it into synthetic gas (syngas), containing primarily hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). To create synthetic gas from coal there are 4 kinds of process technology known in the world, i.e. Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier and Molten bath gasifier. There are 3 types of chemical industry to take advantage of this synthetic gas as an alternative of their raw materials i.e., methanol, formic acid and ammonia industry. Currently they use natural gas as raw material. The more widespread use of natural gas for a variety of needs can disrupt the natural gas supply for these industries in the future. Therefore, this synthetic gas can be used as an alternative of raw material supply for these three types of chemical industry in the future. AbstrakPotensi cadangan batubara di Indonesia sangat melimpah, namun yang menjadi isu utama adalah pemanfaatannya di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan batubara tersebut adalah dengan mengkonversi batubara tersebut menjadi gas sintetik (syngas) yang kandungan utamanya adalah Hidrogen (H2) dan Karbon Monoksida (CO). Untuk membuat gas sintetik dari batubara ini ada 4 macam teknologi proses yang telah dikenal di dunia yaitu Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier dan Molten bath gasifier. Ada 3 jenis industri kimia yang dapat memanfaatkan gas sintetik ini sebagai alternatif bahan bakunya yaitu industri metanol, industri asam formiat dan industri amonia. Saat ini mereka menggunakan gas alam sebagai bahan bakunya. Semakin meluasnya penggunaan gas alam untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan dapat menyebabkan pasokan gas alam untuk ketiga jenis industri ini terganggu di kemudian hari. Oleh karena itu gas sintetik ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pasokan bahan baku untuk ketiga jenis industri kimia tersebut kedepannya.

scholarly journals Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid in Bioadditive Triacetin with Fe2O3/Activated Carbon Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Shinta Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Esterification and transesterification processes for biodiesel production generate glycerol which is possible to be converted into triacetin. It is an actractive bioadditive for increasing octane number of fuel. The production of this bioadditive in a biodiesel plant also increases the revenue as raw material comes from biodiesel process production as by-product.This study examines the effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on triacetin production using glycerol from esterification process and acetic acid at volume ratio of 1:3 as raw materials. An activated charcoal as catalyst is activated with sulfuric acid at concentration of 2% and 3% (w/w). The esterification temperatures are varied at 90 and 100°C and the reaction time is set for 3 hours. The samples are taken frequently at certain interval times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes for chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry. It is observed that using 2% and 3% (w/w) of catalysts at 90°C and 60 minutes reaction time converts 41.037% and 57.441% of glycerol respectively.

scholarly journals CONVERSION OF CO2 TO HYDROCARBON SYNFUEL BY UTILIZING NUCLEAR HYDROGEN COGENERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Djati H Salimy
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

A study of the utilization of hydrogen cogeneration with nuclear energy as a technology for the conversion of CO2 into synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out. The aim of the study is to understand the conversion of CO2 and H2 into synthetic fuels, as well as the role of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration for the production of hydrogen and as a source of process heat energy. The method used is literature study based on the results of existing research. Conventionally, synthetic fuel production from coal is produced through coal gasification process, followed by reacting synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H2) in FT reactor to synthesis fuel. In this study, we studied the production of synthetic fuels with CO2 and H2 raw materials. CO2 comes from emissions of coal-fired plants, whereas H2 is produced by nuclear hydrogen cogeneration systems. The results show that compared to conventional processes, CO2 and H2-based processes supported by coal cogeneration systems provide significant advantages in terms of CO2 emissions. The process based on coal gasification and nuclear cogeneration, capable of reducing emissions by up to 75% and saving up to 40% of coal consumption. While the process based only on CO2 and nuclear hydrogen cogeneration (without coal gasification), teoretically can operate witout any CO2 emission at all. Even this process can captured and utilize CO2 emissions from coal fired plant, and use it as a raw material for the process.

Experimental Study on Energy Conversion Efficiency of Biogas Fermentation of Sorghum Distilled Residue Based on Properties of Raw Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 675 ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Fa Gen Yang ◽  
Wu Di Zhang ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Xing Ling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Biogas Yield

In order to gain biogas production potential and energy conversion efficiency of biogas fermentation of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the anaerobic batch fermentation experiments were performed at 30 degrees Celsius. After experiments, we got experimental results as follows: biogas production of SDR during total fermentation time of 28days is 2885mL; properties of raw materials including: TS is 88.58%, VS is 16.69%, heating value is 15.684kJ/g, TS biogas yield is 220mL/g, VS biogas yield is 1300ml/g, raw material biogas yield is 190mL/g, and energy conversion efficiency of biogas fermentation of SDR is 30.38%. The results indicate that biogas fermentation is an effective new method to recycle clean energy from SDR.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of raw material of rye (Khamarka variety) and barley (Shedevr variety) of Ukrainian selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ganna Tartynska ◽  
Іryna Zhuravel ◽  
Viktoriia Kyslychenko ◽  
Viktoriia Hutsol
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Introduction. Sowing rye (Secale cereale L.) and common barley (Hordéum vulgáre L.) are annual herbaceous plants of the Poaceae family, they are widely cultivated in many countries around the world as cereals and fodder crops. Sufficient raw material base of sowing rye and barley makes them promising sources for new drugs. Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition in lipophilic fractions of seeds, stems and leaves of sowing (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was studied by gas chromatography. Results. As a result of the study, the quantitative content of 14 fatty acids in the stems and leaves of barley, 13 – in the leaves of rye and 12 – in the stems of rye and in both types of studied seeds was identified and established. In all types of the studied raw materials, unsaturated fatty acids were quantitatively predominant, the content of which prevailed in seeds of rye – 82.89 % and barley – 76.35 %. In stems of common barley their content was 64.04 %, leaves of common barley – 66.31 % of the amount. In stems and leaves of rye, the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids over saturated ones was insignificant: 49.00 % vs. 47.05 % and 53.70 % vs. 43.03 %, respectively. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids dominated. Palmitic acid predominated among the saturated raw materials in all types of studied raw materials Conclusions. Quantitative content of fatty acids in seeds, stems and leaves of sowing rye (Khamarka variety) and common barley (Shedevr variety) was identified and established by gas chromatography. The results of the research indicate a rich fatty acid composition of the studied raw materials and can be used to create drugs based on them

scholarly journals A Review of Nigerian Potential Hop Substitutes in Beer Brewing: 1983-2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-73
Author(s):  
Vincent Nwalieji Okafor ◽  
Ifeyinwa Blessing Tabugbo ◽  
Regina Igwe Anyalebechi ◽  
Ugochukwu Wilson Okafor ◽  
Joy Ngozika Obiefuna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Material Sources

The Nigerian economy depended mainly on crude oil during the era of oil boom of 1973 which lasted up till1983. Agriculture was grossly neglected by successive governments. Following the economic recession that occurred years after and due to fall in crude oil price, the Nigerian government began to advocate for economic diversification. Consequently, agriculture became the area of interest and priority for industrial raw material sources. Unfortunately, Nigeria had imbibed the tradition of importing raw materials for all her industrial productions thereby creating unfavourable balance of trade between Nigeria and her foreign trading partners thus resulting in increase in the prices of finished products. Beer production is not exempted from the price increase since its raw materials are equally imported with their attendant problems on Nigeria’s foreign exchange. One of such raw materials is hops. The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial dioecious climbing plant of hemp (cannabis) family and belonging to the order (urticales) which are grown in the temperate regions of the world, solely to meet the demand of the brewing industry. Hop extracts give beer its bitter taste, improve foam stability and act as antiseptics towards microorganisms. The quest to substitute hops with some tropical bitter vegetables in Nigeria’s brewing industry dates back to 1983 and since that time, many have compared hop extracts with those of Nigerian bitter plants such as Garcinia kola, Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium. This review takes a critical look on the efforts made so far since 1983 in investigating the potentiality of using Nigerian bitter plant extracts as suitable substitute for those of hop in the Nigerian brewing industry with special emphasis on Gas Chromatography Mass–Spectrometry (GC–MS) and Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC–FID) techniques. It was concluded that none of the Nigerian plants has perfect potential as suitable substitute for hops in the Nigerian brewing industry. Consequently, further research efforts in the area of mixtures/blends of extract of plant species which mimic hop taste is strongly recommended. 

THE STUDY OF COMPOUNDS DISTILLED WITH WATER VAPOR OF POPULUS ×BEROLINENSIS DIPPEL. LEAFS

Fitoterapia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
A.M. Rudnyk ◽  
◽  
S.D. Trzhetsynskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
National University

Keywords: populus ×berolinensis Dippel., leafs, compounds distilled with water vapor, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Continuing the comprehensive pharmacognostic study of raw materials of plants of the genus Poplar, the aim of the study was to study the composition and content of compounds volatile with water vapor, Berlin poplar leaves (populus × berolinensis Dippel), which is widely cultivated in Ukraine. Raw materials for research were harvested from trees growing in the botanical garden of Kharkiv National University. V.N. Karazin (50 ° 01′46 ″ N 36 ° 14′02 ″ E.) in June 2019. It was found that the total content of compounds distilled with water vapor was 2026.4 mg / kg. 51 compounds were identified. Dominated by the content of: β-eudesmol (677.0 mg / kg), γ-eudesmol (234.0 mg / kg), α-bisabolol (125.9 mg / kg), eugenol (217.7 mg / kg), cubenol (92.3 mg / kg), quinesol (39.0 mg / kg). The obtained data indicate the prospects for further study of this type of raw material to assess the possibility of using it as a drug.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document