Individual entrepreneurship in the modern world: gender aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Pinkovetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Gender Aspect

Relevance. Our research was devoted to such a field of human activity as individual entrepreneurship. The experience of most countries shows that this activity has developed significantly in recent years. Research on individual entrepreneurship is relevant because it provides a justification for improving this type of activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate indicators describing the level of individual entrepreneurship in the total number of women and men who are emerging and beginning entrepreneurs in different countries. Materials and methods. The calculations were based on empirical data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring project for fifty-nine countries. Economic and mathematical modeling was based on the development of normal distribution density functions. Results. The study evaluated three indicators describing the gender dimensions of individual entrepreneurship in 59 countries. The average values and ranges of changes in the considered indicators were determined, which are typical for most countries. In addition, national economies were identified that are characterized by high and low values of each of the three indicators. The study showed that there is a gender gap in the values of indicators in most countries. It is proved that the share of women involved in individual entrepreneurship in most countries is higher than that of men. The presence of significant differences in the values of the three indicators under consideration by country is shown. The comparison of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is carried out. Conclusion. The results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in individual entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.

TRANSITION FROM DREAMERS-ENTREPRENEURS TO ACTIVE ENTREPRENEURS: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NATIONAL ECONOMIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (195) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Pinkovetskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the early entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of interest and participation of women and men in early entrepreneurship in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the intentions of people to create their own new businesses, their involvement in this activity, as well as the ownership of newly created enterprises. The study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project as the initial information. The study examined the assessment of 9 indicators that characterize the early entrepreneurship of women and men, as well as the corresponding gender differences. Functions were obtained that demonstrate the distribution of indicators in 59 countries, describing the proportion of women and men, who have intentions to create their own businesses, and are involved in these processes, and are beginners in entrepreneurship. In addition, an assessment of gender differences in 3 stages of early entrepreneurship was carried out. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of early entrepreneurial activity, women participate in such activity to a lesser extent compared to men. The author's assessment of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that in our country, both women and men are less interested in an entrepreneurial career than representatives of other countries. The results obtained are new and original, and have theoretical and practical significance for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach presented in the article to the assessment of gender differences in early entrepreneurship can be applied in further studies. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gender Differences Characteristic of the Main Stages of Entrepreneurial Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Iuliia S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in the entrepreneurial activity of women and men. The aim of the study is to assess the current levels of participation of women and men in business activities in modern national economies. The study solved the problems of determining the values of indicators that characterize the initial stage of entrepreneurship, stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the exit of entrepreneurs from their businesses. As a starting point, the study used the results of surveys conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project. In the course of the work, the assessment of nine indicators characterizing such stages as start- up and stabile entrepreneurship, as well as the termination of this activity, was considered. The study developed functions that show the distribution of indicators across 59 countries that describe the proportion of women and men in the three main stages of entrepreneurship. In addition, gender differences in these three stages were assessed. The results showed that in most countries there is a gender gap between the indicators of entrepreneurial activity, that is, women participate in it to a lesser extent than men. Comparing the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries showed that both women and men in our country are less interested in an entrepreneurial career in contrast to other countries. The results obtained are new and original. They have theoretical and practical implications for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.

Criminal offenses of terrorist direction in criminal legislation of foreign countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Serhii Repetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the criminal offenses of terrorism in the criminal law of foreign countries and to outline the limits of the use of its positive assets. The methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material and formulation of relevant conclusions. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: comparative-legal, logical-grammatical, system-structural, modeling. Results In the course of the research it was recognized that in the criminal legislation of foreign countries there is no single approach to the definition of criminal offenses of terrorist orientation. In most European countries, prosecution is provided not only in the criminal code, but also in special laws to combat this phenomenon. At the same time, increased attention is paid to the fight against terrorist financing and incitement to terrorism. Also noteworthy is the attribution to terrorism of a significant number of illegal acts, which without a terrorist purpose constitute independent criminal offenses (murder, bodily harm, riots, robbery, damage to important public buildings, kidnapping, etc.). Scientific novelty. In the course of the research it is scientifically substantiated to divide the legislation on liability for criminal offenses of terrorist orientation into three models: 1) complex (combination of criminal law and specially defined for counter-terrorism legislation); 2) criminal law; 3) criminological, in which the fight against terrorism is reflected only in specialized legislation. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities in further improving the national criminal law on terrorist offenses, as well as in the educational process during the teaching and study of disciplines "Special part of criminal law of Ukraine" and "Criminology".

scholarly journals Gender differences in solo entrepreneurship in modern countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Iuliia Pinkovetskaia ◽  
Natalia Neif ◽  
Aleksandra Navasardyan ◽  
Tatyana Treskova ◽  
Marina Yashina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Creation ◽  
National Economies

Aim of the study is to evaluate the indicators describing the level of solo entrepreneurship among women and men who are beginning entrepreneurs in different countries. Empirical data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project for fifty-nine countries were used as initial information in calculations. Economic and mathematical modeling was based on development of density functions normal distribution. In the study, three indicators describing solo entrepreneurship in 59 countries were evaluated: share of solo entrepreneurs-women in the total number of women who participate in the creation of their own businesses in different countries; share of solo entrepreneurs-men in total number of men who participate in creation of their own businesses in different countries; ratio of the above-mentioned shares of solo entrepreneurs of women and men. Average values and ranges of changes in considered indicators were determined, which are typical for most countries. In addition, national economies that are characterized by high and low values of each of the three indicators were identified. The study showed that there is a gender gap in the values of indicators in most countries. It is proved that share of women involved in solo entrepreneurship in most countries is higher than that of men.

scholarly journals Functions of a professional brand-building foresight technology in modelling the competitiveness of university graduates in the labour market

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
L. M. Semenova ◽  
Kačans V.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Personal Brand ◽  
Self Development

Introduction. The emergence of social, political and economic processes in the modern world leads to the development of innovative educational technologies, among which the researchers’ attention is drawn to a professional brand-building foresight technology. The professional brand-building foresight technology is a system of principles, methods and techniques for expert analysis of current achievements of students, young professionals and anyone who seeks self-improvement. Moreover, this training technology includes the development of programmes to optimise the professional and personal self-development of an individual in terms of his/her possible career growth.The aim of the current research was to justify the professional brand-building foresight technology developed by the authors, and to check the effectiveness of its application in the formation of brand-building and foresight competencies in a future specialist in the educational process of higher education.Methodology and research methods. The theoretical and methodological strategy in the study is a competency-based approach, which contributes to the formation of brand-building and foresight competencies. The conceptual provisions of the foresight approach, implemented in a complex of brand-forming tools of a single foresight trajectory in order to model and design a professional brand in relation to the strategic goals of a future specialist, became a practice-oriented research tactic. The authors used the following general scientific and specific scientific methods: questionnaire survey based on random systematic (mechanical) sampling, in-depth interview, expert survey, document analysis, self-assessment of readiness for personal brand-building.Results. The authors presented the professional brand-building foresight technology, the essence of which lies in the design of a professional brand and future career path. Its structure includes four programmes: self-marketing, personal branding, brand-building case and a road map to success. As a result of training, brand-building and foresight competencies are developed. The approbation experiment demonstrated that without special brand-building and foresight training of students, these competencies are formed spontaneously. Based on the results of the conducted surveys, the authors analysed the level of formation of brand-building and foresight competencies and the interest in the technology of personal brand-building as a factor of career self-development. A survey of university graduates revealed the dependence of employment on special teaching methods and the professional brand-building foresight technology. The interviews held with Russian and Latvian teachers determined the effectiveness of this technology. The study of the employers’ opinions showed the reasons that hinder the successful employment of young specialists. In addition, the authors revealed a lack of knowledge and a non-systematic limited nature of teaching these competencies in universities.Scientific novelty lies in the replenishment of interdisciplinary (at the intersection of pedagogy, brand building, forecasting, professional studies) scientific knowledge about foresight methodology. The emphasis is on the innovativeness of the professional brand-building foresight technology, which contributes to the competitiveness of university graduates and increases their chances of professional success.Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful for developing ideas about brand-building and foresight competencies development, personal brand-building, professional brand-building foresighting. The research materials can be employed by students and teachers of higher education institutions, heads of educational systems in the organisation of the educational process, as well as by various specialists and practitioners.

Assessment of the Sectoral Structure of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Modern National Economies

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Pinkovetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
National Economies

The aim of the study is to assess the levels of specialization of aspiring women entrepreneurs in various types of economic activities in modern countries. The study was based on data from a survey of women entrepreneurs in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Process for 59 countries in 2018. Economic and mathematical models describing the specialization of entrepreneurs in five main groups of activities have been developed. The distribution of their values of indicators by country is considered. The countries with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are defined. A comparative analysis of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is presented.

Poetic and musicl-structured features of national singing in the songs by the composer M. Eginbaev

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
S. Bukeshova ◽  
◽  
R. Kerimbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sensory Development ◽  
Effective Program

Article about the use of the game asyk in the modern world of technology, as an effective tool against gadgets, ridding children of Internet addiction. The negative impact of gadgets on the health and psychological development of preschool children is analyzed. However, today children have become unconsciously dependent on gadgets. The consequences of children’s dependence on gadgets affect their health, development, and the future of the nation as a whole. The author defines the psychological and pedagogical possibilities of using the games of assik in order to distract children from gadgets. It offers modern, modernized types of games assik, which are national games of the Kazakh people. The optimal pedagogical and methodological approach to the use of the game assik in the educational process of kindergarten is determined. As an innovative project in the field of education, we have developed the experience of using the game assik in the modern direction, as an effective program for the formation of cognitive processes and sensory development of children.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Indexes of Social Significance and Development Potential of Entrepreneurship in Modern Countries

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Pinkovetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Complex Index ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for using the corresponding comprehensive indices for each country to assess social values and potential business intentions. The study was based on empirical data from The global entrepreneurship monitor for 48 countries in 2018. Formulas are proposed and calculations of complex index values are performed. The distribution of their values by country is considered. Lists of countries with high and low index values are given. A comparative analysis of indices for Russia and foreign countries is presented. The indices proposed for evaluating opinions about entrepreneurship are of scientific and practical significance.

scholarly journals Motives for Early-Stage Entrepreneurship in Modern Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
I.S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  
T.V. Gromova ◽  
I.N. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Climate ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Start Ups

The relevance of the study is due to the important role played by small and individual entrepreneurship in the vast majority of modern national economies. The aim of the study is to assess the indicators describing the ratio of voluntary, highly demanding and necessity-driven entrepreneurs in the total number of start-ups. The results of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project for 2018 were used as input data. Modeling of empirical data and evaluation of differentiation of the considered parameters was based on the development of normal distribution density functions. According to the results of modeling average values and change intervals of specific indicators were established. The originality of the work is associated with the assessment of the share of voluntary, highly demanding and necessity-driven entrepreneurs in the total number of early-stage entrepreneurs in 48 countries. The novelty of the study is due to the assessment of indicators characterizing the current motivation of entrepreneurs, as well as the ratio of the above mentioned indicators. The results of the study can be used in the formation of an entrepreneurial climate aimed at the development of a highly demanding business.

scholarly journals Participation of Women and Men in Entrepreneurship in Various Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4/2021 (94) ◽  
pp. 200-219
Author(s):  
Iuliia Pinkovetskaia ◽  
◽  
Anton Lebedev ◽  
Natalya Rokunova ◽  
Natalya Shamina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Start Up ◽  
National Economies

Purpose: The paper is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in women’s and men’s entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to assess the prevailing levels of women’s and men’s participation in entrepreneurial activity in modern national economies. Methodology: The study dealt with the problem of determining indicator values characterizing the early stage of entrepreneurship; mature (sustainable) entrepreneurship, as well as quitting business activities. The results of the surveys conducted in 59 countries throughout the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Project were used as initial information. Findings: In the course of the research, nine indicators characterizing such stages as start-up and sustainable entrepreneurship along with the cessation of this activity were examined. The study developed the functions that show the distribution of the indicators in 59 countries describing women’s and men’s proportions at three main stages of entrepreneurship. Research limitations: The study had limitations on empirical data due to the fact that only 59 countries were considered. Originality: The attained results have indicated that there is a gender gap among the indicators of entrepreneurship in most countries, which means that women participate in it to a smaller extent than men. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be applied in further research.

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