scholarly journals Identifikasi Serangga Hama Selada Hidroponik sebagai Langkah Awal Penyediaan Sayur Sehat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Rizqi Aulia Nurlaili ◽  
Safira Celia Permatasari ◽  
Listya Eka Ningtyas ◽  
Reni Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Index Value

Hydroponic agriculture in urban areas is one of urban farming, an agricultural system without using soil media that uses narrow land in urban areas and is free from the use of synthetic pesticides. This purposes of this study were to identify the species, analyze the diversity, and abundance of insects that attack lettuce on hydroponic land. The samples were collected by using the yellow pan trap, netting, and hand picking methods. Identification of insects based on morphological characteristics. Data were analyzed by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) and abundance index (Di). The results showed that there were 18 species of insects belongs to 13 families that attacked hydroponic lettuce, namely the family Acrididae, Agromyzidae, Aleyrodidae, Calliphoridae, Coccinellidae, Crambidae, Dolichopodidae, Hesperiidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae, Psilidae, Stratiomyidae, and Syrphidae. The diversity of the insects was in the category medium with a diversity index value of 2,707 and the most abundant species found was Chrysodeixis chalcites 11,70%, Spodoptera litura 10,64%, and Pieris rapae 9,57%.

scholarly journals Tropical marine fish from Celukan Bawang Port, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Rizkyanti Aulia ◽  
Riskha Hanifa ◽  
Nassa Arfiantinosa ◽  
Aris Mahmudi ◽  
Mohamad Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Index Value

Celukan Bawang port is located in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The area of Celukan Bawang Port has a coral reef ecosystem that is very rarely found in Indonesian ports. The coral reef has an important role for coral reef fish as their habitat. This study aims to conduct coral reef fish in the Celukan Bawang port area. A survey was conducted by using UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method at four (4) stations in October 2019. The coral-reef fish family identified in this research consisted of 853 individuals belonging to 14 families and 34 species. The dominant family were Pomacentridae (63.53%), Labridae (25.21%), Achanthuridae (2.70%), Chaetodontidae (1.17%), and Ptereleotrididae (1.17%). The most abundant species were Dascyllus trimaculatus (2270 ind/ha), Halichoeres prosopeion (1550 ind/ha), and Pomacentrus coelestis (95 ind/ha). Shannon-Wiener diversity index value was 2.414, and there were no dominant species observed.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Dragonfly (Ordo: Odonata) in Natural Forest and Tourist Sites Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67328
Author(s):  
Nur Apriatun Nafisah ◽  
R.C.Hidayat Soesilohadi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Total Species

Petungkriyono forest is a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity. The increasing tourism activities in Petungkriyono lead to land conversion. Dragonfly (order Odonata) is a good bioindicator for aquatic and terrestrial. This study aimed to compare the community structure of Odonata in natural forests and tourist sites. The method of collecting imago Odonata was done by direct searching, samples were captured using sweep netting. The results showed that the dragonflies found in all locations consisted of the same family, 2 families (Gomphidae and Libellulidae) from the suborder Anisoptera and 6 families (Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae, Euphaidae Platycnemididae, and Platystictidae) from the suborder Zygoptera. The total species of dragonflies found in Sokokembang were 15 species with a total of 293 individuals, Tirta Muncar 13 species of 287 individuals, Karanggondang 17 species of 276 individuals, and Curug Lawe 14 species of 242 individuals. The highest relative abundance of individuals was in the natural forest of Sokokembang is Drepanosticta spatulifera (26.28%) and in Karanggondang Vestalis luctuosa (24.64%), while in the tourist forests of Tirta Muncar and Curug Lawe were Euphaea variegata (34.84% and 28.51 %). The structure of the Odonata community is based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the natural forests of Sokokembang (2.18) and Karanggondang (2.21) at the tourist sites of Tirta Muncar (1.84) and Curug Lawe (2.11). The results showed that the structure of the Odonata community based on the level of the diversity index value, evenness index, and dominance index in natural forests and tourist sites in Petungkriyono forest was not significantly different. 

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of Culicoides species in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia between 1990 and 2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249468
Author(s):  
Biniam T. Lakew ◽  
Adrian H. Nicholas ◽  
Stephen W. Walkden-Brown
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Indices

Culicoides are one of the smallest hematophagous flies measuring 1–5 mm in size with only females seeking blood for egg development. The present study investigated spatio-temporal distribution of Culicoides species trapped between 1990 and 2018 at 13 sites in the New England region of NSW, Australia using automated light traps. Trapping locations were divided into three subregions (tablelands, slopes and plains). Nineteen Culicoides species were identified. Culicoides marksi and C. austropalpalis were the most abundant and widespread species. Culicoides brevitarsis, the principal vector of livestock diseases in New South Wales comprised 2.9% of the total catch and was detected in 12 of the 13 locations in the study. Abundance as determined by Log10 Culicoides count per trapping event for the eight most abundant species did not vary significantly with season but trended towards higher counts in summer for C. marksi (P = 0.09) and C. austropalpalis (P = 0.05). Significant geographic variation in abundance was observed for C. marksi, C. austropalpalis and C. dycei with counts decreasing with increasing altitude from the plains to the slopes and tablelands. Culicoides victoriae exhibited the reverse trend in abundance (P = 0.08). Greater abundance during the warmer seasons and at lower altitudes for C. marksi and C. austropalpalis was indicative of temperature and rainfall dependence in this region with moderate summer dominance in rainfall. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of species was higher on the tablelands (H = 1.59) than the slopes (H = 1.33) and plains (H = 1.08) with evenness indices of 0.62, 0.46 and 0.39 respectively. Culicoides species on the tablelands were more diverse than on the slopes and plains where C. marksi and C. austropalpalis dominated. The temporal and spatial variation in abundance, diversity and evenness of species reported in this diverse region of Australia provides additional insight into Culicoides as pests and disease vectors and may contribute to future modelling studies.

Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Bom Retiro Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Queiroz Bastos ◽  
Cecilia Ferreira de Mello ◽  
Júlia dos Santos Silva ◽  
Hélcio Reinaldo Gil-Santana ◽  
Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Janeiro State

Abstract This study registers the diversity of Culicidae in the Bom Retiro Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPNBR), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, based on the collection of the immature stages in natural and artificial larval habitats. Larvae and pupae were collected monthly at two sites of the RPPNBR from May 2014 to July 2015 using dippers and aquatic pipettes. The diversity of the mosquito community was described using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H′), as well as diversity, richness, and dominance of species found in different larval habitats (lake, bamboos, bromeliads, and artificial vessels). The Mann–Whitney test was used to calculate differences between the two natural and artificial habitats. Overall, 15,659 specimens belonging to 25 species, ten genera, and two subfamilies were collected. The most abundant species collected at sites that were reforested recently were Culex pleuristriatus Theobald, 1903, Limatus durhamii (Theobald, 1901), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895), Culex neglectus (Lutz, 1904), and Culex retrosus (Lane & Whitman, 1951). In a forest preserved site, the most abundant species were Cx. neglectus, Culex iridescens (Lutz, 1905), Sabethes identicus (Dyar & Knab, 1907), Wyeomyia arthrostigma (Lutz, 1905), and Li. durhamii. With respect to larval habitats, 0.1% of the specimens were collected along the edge of a lake, 5.5% in bamboos, 35.9% in bromeliads, and 58.4% in artificial containers. Only 5.5% of the specimens were collected in the forest preserved site, with the remaining samples from the site with altered vegetation. A greater species richness and diversity were found in forest-altered sites compared to the forest preserved site. Several species were collected in the water accumulated in the nylon lids of plastic water tanks. Such vessels can promote an increase in mosquito population density in the environment surrounding the study area.

scholarly journals Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kišidayová ◽  
Dominik Durkaj ◽  
Katarína Mihaliková ◽  
Zora Váradyová ◽  
Julia Puchalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Ciliated Protozoa ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Free Ranging

This study aims to perform population analysis of the rumen ciliated protozoa of the free-living European bison (wisent, Bison bonasus, Linnaeus). The samples of the rumen fluid from the 18 bison subjected to the controlled culls within the free-ranging population in the Bialowieza primeval forest in Poland were collected and examined. The examined ciliates population consisted of the species of the families Isotrichidae and Ophryoscolecidae. There were 12 genera (Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Ophryoscolex, and Ostracodinium) and 32 morphospecies of the ciliates. We observed the prevalence of a type B protozoan population (56% animals) with the typical Epidinium and Eudiplodinium genera members. Other examined animals possessed the mixed A–B population with Ophryoscolex genus, distinct for type A ciliate population. The average total ciliates count was 2.77 ± 1.03 × 105/ml (mean ± SD). The most abundant genera were Entodinium, 83%, and Dasytricha, 14%. The abundance of other genera was <1% of the total count. Within the 16 Entodinium species determined, the most abundant species was Entodinium nanellum (16.3% of total ciliates count). The average Shannon–Wiener diversity index was 2.1 ± 0.39, evenness was 0.7 ± 0.11, and species richness was 24 ± 3.0 (mean ± SD). Our study is the first report on the population composition and diversity of rumen ciliates of European bison. The composition and counts of ciliate genera and species were similar to the composition and counts of the rumen ciliated protozoa of American bison and many other kinds of free-living and domestic ruminants. Our European bison ciliate population analysis has shown medium ciliate density and high diversity typical for large free-living ruminants with mixed feeding behavior.

scholarly journals Kelimpahan Jenis Burung Diurnal Di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Tanah Pemakaman di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Anggraeni Hadi Pratiwi ◽  
Medha Baskara
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value

Abstrak Eksistensi Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) yang di wilayah Kota Malang mulai menurun, ini dikarenakan proses pembangunan yang intensif. Tempat Pemakaman Umum (TPU) ialah salah satu RTH yang berfungsi lain yaitu sebagai kawasan resapan air, penghasil biomasa serta karbon terbanyak, dan habitat binatang liar contohnya burung. Penelitian kelimpahan burung diurnal dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai bulan November 2020 di 3 TPU ialah (TPU Kasin, TPU Samaan, dan TPU Sukun). Metode perhitungan burung mengunakan IPA (Index Point of Abundance) dan Point Count. Identifikasi memakai buku “panduan lapangan burung-burung di Sumatra, Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan”. Hasil pengamatan burung diurnal di 3 lokasi TPU terdapat 11 famili, 15 spesies, 267 individu. Indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener di TPU Sukun, Kasin, dan Samaan terletak pada tingkatan keanekaragaman yang terkategori sedang (H’=1.5 – 3.5). Tingkatan kemerataan spesies dari ketiga TPU ialah (E>0.6) terkategori tinggi, sebaliknya nilai indeks kekayaan jenisnya (R<3.5) ialah terkategori rendah. Burung sriti (Hirundo tahitica) serta burung gereja (Passer montanus) populasinya lebih besar dibanding spesies yang lainnya. Kesesuaian lahan serta tingkatan gangguan dari penduduk kota terhadap burung disebagian areal TPU, mengakibatkan sebagian spesies burung tertentu yang bisa bertahan hidup dengan lingkungannya. Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam secara optimal mampu meningkatkan mutu kawasan lahan tersebut. Kata Kunci; Ruang Terbuka Hijau; Burung Diurnal; Tempat Pemakaman Umum Abstract The reduction of green area in Malang City due to intensify of construction process. Public cemetery is kind of green area which has function as drainage, and wild animal habitat like birds, and also produce Biomasa and amount of carbon. Research on diurnal bird abundance was carried out from September to November 2020 on 3 Public cemeteries (Kasin Public cemetery, Samaan Public cemetery, and Sukun Public cemetery). The bird abundance calculation method uses IPA (Index Point of Abundance) and Point Count. Process of identification by using panduan lapangan burung-burung di Sumatra, Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan’s book. The results of diurnal bird observations at 3 Public cemeteries are contained 11 families, 15 species, 267 individuals. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in Sukun, Kasin, and Samaan Public cemeteries lies at the level of diversity which is categorized as medium (H '= 1.5 - 3.5). The level of evenness of the species of the three Public cemeteries are (E> 0.6) in the high category, on the other hand, the index value of species richness (R <3.5) is the low category. Sriti birds (Hirundo tahitica) and sparrows (Passer montanus) have a larger population than other species. The land suitability and the disturbance level from urban residents to birds in parts of the Public cemeteries are resulted only certain bird species that able to survive in their environment. The optimization of natural resources management can improve the quality of its land. Keywords: Green Area; Diurnal Bird, Public Cemetery

scholarly journals The Diversity and Conservation Status of Snakes in Rawa Mekar Jaya, Riau, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Agung Purnomo Adjie ◽  
Sri Catur Setyawatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Made In

Snakes in Mekar Jaya mangrove ecosystem have the potential be ecotourism objects. On the other hand ecotourism activities might reduce the quality of wildlife habitat, including that of the snake. This study aimed to determine the diversity and status of snake species in the mangrove ecosystem of Rawa Mekar Jaya. A transect of 20 x 50 m was made in three stations: rivers (S1), ecotourism route (S2), and dense mangroves (S3). The observation was carried out at low tide and repeated three times with a span of 2 days. Snake data was collected using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. We revealed 59 snakes in the mangrove area of Rawa Mekar Jaya consisting of 3 species namely Boiga dendrophila, Cerberus rynchops, and Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus. B. dendrophila and C. rhyncops are mangrove specialists. The Shannon Wiener diversity index value (H ') for all observation stations is below one, so it is classified as low. All types of snakes found are not protected and classified as the least concern. C. rynchops is included in the CITES appendix III

scholarly journals Associations between Road Density, Urban Forest Landscapes, and Structural-Taxonomic Attributes in Northeastern China: Decoupling and Implications

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbo Yang ◽  
Hailiang Lv ◽  
Yujie Fu ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Wenjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Road Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

A better understanding on the associations between road density (RD), urban forest structural-taxonomic attributes, and landscape metrics is vital for forest ecological service evaluations and suitable management in sprawling urban areas with increasing road networks. We chose Harbin, a fast growing provincial capital city in northeast China, as a case study to address this issue. We utilized ArcGIS software (Esri, version 10.0; Redlands, CA, USA) and FRAGSTATS (V4.2.589) to digitize GF-1 images (Gaofen No.1 remote sensing images) to acquire road net characteristic information and landscape metrics of urban forests in Harbin. Together with forest structural-taxonomic attributes from a stratified random sampling survey, statistical methods such as an analysis of variance, a regression analysis, and a redundancy analysis were used to determine the road-dependent differences and to decouple the associations between them. The results indicated that road area percentages, road length/imperious surface area (ISA) ratios, road area/ISA ratios, and road cross-points sharply increased from low to heavy RD areas. This road intensification was strongly associated with increased urban forest area, patch density, and diverse patch shapes; smaller tree sizes, lower tree densities, and diverse tree species compositions were generally observed. Redundancy-based variation partitioning showed that part of the variations in structural-taxonomic attributes of forests could be explained by road intensity characteristics. In low RD (0–1.5 km/km2) regions, the road characteristics significantly affected forest characteristics (Shannon Wiener diversity index, species richness, and evenness index); however, such associations weakened with increasing forest landscape-related associations in medium to heavy RD (1.5–6 km/km2) regions. Our findings highlighted that road development is strongly associated with forest characteristics in Harbin city, and RD-dependent forest landscape regulating management could favor the maximization of forest ecological services that are related to structural and species identities.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Lamun di Pesisir Pantai Molas, Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado (Biodiversity of Seagrass on Molas Seashore in Bunaken Subdistrict, Manado)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pience Veralyn Maabuat
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium ◽  
Index Value

AbstrakEkosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem bahari yang produktif. Selain sebagai sumber produktifitas primer di perairan, ekosistem lamun juga memiliki arti penting bagi hewan yang hidup di area padang lamun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pesisir Pantai Molas dengan menggunakan metode garis transek kuadrat, yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari – Juni 2011. Analisis data meliputi perhitungan dengan rumus Krebs dan Fachrul, identifikasi jenis lamun dan penentuan indeks keanekaragaman menggunakan Shannon Wiener. Ada lima jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Lamun E. acoroides dan S. isoetifolium memiliki penyebaran terluas, karena ditemukan di seluruh transek pada lokasi penelitian. Jenis yang jarang dijumpai adalah H. ovalis. Jumlah individu yang ditemukan adalah 130 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di pesisir Pantai Molas memperlihatkan di wilayah ini keanekaragaman jenis lamun sedang dibandingkan 13 lokasi lainnya di Indonesia.Kata kunci: biodiversitas, Molas, rumput lautAbstractSeagrass ecosystem is one of the productive marine ecosystems. This ecosystem is a source of primary productivity in waters and it is significant for the animals that live in the seagrass areas. This study was conducted in the Molas coastal using the method of transect line squares, in January-June 2011. The analysis included calculation using the formula of Krebs and Fachrul, identification of seagrass species and determination Shannon Wiener diversity index. Five species of seagrass species were found, i.e. Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata and Syringodium isoetifolium. The total number of individual weres 130. Index value of diversity in the Molas coastal showed that the seagrass diversity in this region were medium compared with 13 other locations in Indonesia.Key Words : biodiversity, Molas, seagrass

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS SERANGGA PADA TANAMAN TERUNG BELANDA (Solanum betaceaum) DI DIENG KULON JAWA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaisah Nurmaisah ◽  
Deny Murdianto
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Solanaceae Family

ABSTRACTTamarillo (Solanum betaceaum) is shrub, of Solanaceae family member. This species cultivated at warm temperate region 20oC. Tamarillo only grew in highland, above 1000 m from sea surface level. The aims of this research were to know the diversity and insect species abundance land and to know the potential role of insects that was beneficial and harmful on tamarillo plants at Dieng. The diversity of insect species was obtained from catching insect directly using insect net and indirectly using pitfall trap and light trap in research land. The data was analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The result showed that the diversity index value in 1,80 . The conclusion of the result was the diversity of insect species on monoculture was lower than polyculture land of Tamarillo in Dieng Plateau. The potential role of the insects were natural enemy and destructive insect. Key Words: Diversity, Tamarillo, Monoculture, Polyculture ABSTRAKTamarillo (Solanum betaceaum) adalah semak, dari anggota keluarga Solanaceae. Spesies ini dibudidayakan di daerah beriklim 20oC. Tamarillo hanya tumbuh di dataran tinggi, di atas 1000 m dari permukaan laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan spesies serangga tanah dan untuk mengetahui peran potensial serangga yang menguntungkan dan berbahaya pada tanaman tamarillo di Dieng. Keragaman spesies serangga diperoleh dari penangkapan serangga secara langsung menggunakan jaring serangga dan secara tidak langsung menggunakan perangkap lubang dan perangkap cahaya di tanah penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks keanekaragaman pada 1,80. Kesimpulan dari hasil ini adalah keanekaragaman spesies serangga pada monokultur lebih rendah dari tanah polikultur Tamarillo di Dataran Tinggi Dieng. Peran potensial serangga adalah musuh alami dan serangga perusak. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Tamarillo, Monokultur, Polikultu

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