scholarly journals Seasonal rhythm of growth and development of new cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) introduced into the Belarusian Polesie

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-485
Author(s):  
O. V. Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Phenological Phases

Based on the data of seven-year observations of the rhythms of seasonal growth and development, the features of the passage of the phases of phenological development of 15 cultivars of highbush blueberry and 1 cultivar of lowbush blueberry have been presented in the article. The rhythmic plasticity of the blueberry cultivars introduced in Belarus appeared in the ability to change phenorhythmics by the reason of different weather conditions during the years of observation. It was reflected in the variation of dates of the main phenological phases onset. At the same time, inter-branch differences in the early phases of development (vegetative) were insignificant, they became much more pronounced in terms of the passage of the phenological phases associated with the development of the generative sphere of the highbush blueberry. The investigated blueberry cultivars under the conditions of the introduction point retain their inherent order of fruit ripening, characteristic of their homeland.The climatic conditions of the Belarusian Polesie ensure the passage of a full cycle of seasonal development by the investigated highbush blueberry of the entire spectrum of ripening of the crop. At the same time, inter-branch differences in the duration of the growing season are insignificant. The obtained results testify to the prospects of the investigated blueberry cultivars of different maturation periods for homestead and industrial gardening in the Belarusian Polesie and determine the expediency of carrying out further introductory research.

scholarly journals Morphobiochemical features of plant adaptation in the Northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
O. O. Vronskaya ◽  
O. L. Zandekova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Phenological Phases

The article presents the results of long-term research on the adaptive potential of plants of the genus Iris of the family Iridaceae in the Northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. An assessment of the morphobiological features of irises was carried out, the timing of flowering and the amount of positive temperatures necessary for the onset of such phenological phases of development as regrowth, budding, flowering and fruiting were determined. The indicator role of phenolic compounds and peroxidase in iris leaves during seasonal development was revealed. The studied indicators can be used as an informative parameter for evaluating the state of plants for phyto-indication and introduction.

scholarly journals Foliar Calcium Corrects a Deficiency Causing Green Fruit Drop in ‘Draper’ Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gerbrandt ◽  
Charles Mouritzen ◽  
Mark Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

‘Draper’ northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a widely-planted mid-season cultivar with excellent fruit quality. Under the climatic conditions of Southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and Northwestern Washington, USA, it expresses a physiological disorder causing spontaneous green fruit drop (GFD) of up to half of the developing crop just prior to onset of the fruit coloring phenophase. Reduction of economic losses due to GFD required identification of the cause of this disorder and development of an agronomic solution that would reduce fruit drop. In 2014, two initial experiments were conducted to compare three foliar Ca products under a range of N fertilization rates. In 2015 and 2016, three locations were used in a first step to optimizing rates and timings of foliar Ca application. Initial experiments determined that higher N fertilization rates exacerbate GFD but that foliar Ca corrects the condition. Multi-site, multi-year trials identified key rates and timings for foliar Ca application to provide an agronomic solution for commercial growers. These trials identified an acute fruit Ca deficiency as the cause of GFD, and that foliar calcium applied frequently at high concentration from mid-bloom onward can be effective in reducing GFD, often to negligible levels. This condition has now been reported in several production regions around the world.

scholarly journals Rhythm of Seasonal Development and Minor Life Cycle of Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) in Khakasia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vera A. Cheryomushkina ◽  
Irina N. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Seasonal rhythms of plant development are related to plant adaptation to surrounding ecological coenotic and climatic conditions. To discover the patterns of seasonal development of plants in different phytocoenoses, it is essential to observe individual shoots and the entire course of shoot formation. So far the data on the rhythm of seasonal development of Prunella vulgaris L., a plant of the circumboreal region, have been available for the European part of Russia only. We examined the rhythm of seasonal development and minor life cycle of Prunella vulgaris L., the long-rhizome life form, in Siberia (Khakasia) in 2012-2013. Observations were carried out in a forest meadow every 5-7 days in the spring-summer-autumn period and 1-2 times a month in the winter. The development of dicyclic meso-rosetted and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted generative monocarpic shoots was observed using the method by I.G. Serebryakov. It was determined that the differentiation of vegetative and generative spheres in Prunella vulgaris L. shoots in Siberia occurs in early spring within the year of flowering. The species forms spring and autumn leaf generations and phenologically can be described as a summer-winter green plant with a long growing season. The period of shoot development from its initiation to dying the above-ground parts lasts 26 and 14 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots, respectively. In both cases the development of the primordial shoot inside the bud lasts 8 months while the duration of shoot development after emerging from the bud varies. The latter phase lasts 18 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and only 6 months in winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots. Start times and duration of phenological phases (budding, flowering, fruiting and dissemination) are related to the weather conditions in the habitats including fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation patterns and types

scholarly journals The phenological observations as the basis for the formation of the database of phenological spectrums of woody plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Central Russia

Relevance. A study of the seasonal (phenological) phenomena and natural connections between them on the background of the relevant environmental conditions is of great scientific and practical interest. Knowledge of the dynamics of the seasonal development of woody plants helps in the selection of species and their assessment from an aesthetic and sanitary points of view, as well as in the development and implementation of measures to increase the sustainability of urban green spaces. Materials and methods. The purpose of these studies is to create a database of the dynamics of seasonal development of North American woody plants based on the results of many years of phenological monitoring (2003-2017). The 20 species and forms of North American woody introducers e of the VNIISPK arboretum genetic collection were the objects. Results. It was revealed that the growing season of woody North American plants corresponds to the climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of central Russia. The species with the earliest beginning of the growing season (the third decade of March) were distinguished. There were Mahonia pinnata, M. aquifolia, Betula lenta and B. lutea. On the basis of phenological calendars, phenological spectrums have been constructed. These consist of three lines (the development of leaves, shoots, flowers and fruits) with the corresponding color symbols. It has been revealed that phenospectrums vary depending on the conditions of the year. As a result, the database of 20 species and forms of North American woody plants was formed in the form of phenological spectrums against the background of registration of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of Russia. The database includes three options for the possible dynamics of the seasonal development of introduced North American plants. The created database allows observing, comparing, evaluating and forecasting changes in the seasonal rhythm of the studied species of introduced North American plants.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits grown in the Republic of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Maria Zenkova ◽  
Julia Pinchykova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
The Republic

Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits determines their value while using them fresh or processed. Berries have distinctive characteristics depending on a variety, soil and climatic conditions and growing techniques. The object of the researches have been Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) of three varieties (Podarok sadu, Trofimovskaya, Botanicheskaya) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of five varieties (Duke, Bluetta, Bluecrop, Northland, Coville) grown in the Republic of Belarus. Sea-buckthorn and Highbush Blueberry fruits chemical composition has been studied during a three-year cycle of monitoring using standard methods and in accordance with technical legal acts of the Republic of Belarus. Solid content (13,0-15,3%), sugar content (4,00-4,80%), organic acids (1,10-2,05%), nitrogen substances content (0,29-0,46%), lipids (3,6-6,2%), pectin content (0,40-0,50%), fiber (3,20-4,90%), minerals, vitamin С (44,7-78,7 мг/100г), β-carotene (4,4-13,2 мг/100г) have been studied in Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.). Solid content (12,2-15,1%), sugar content (2,73-3,96%), organic acids (0,59-0,95%), pectin content (0,57-0,97%), fiber (1,20-1,68%), bioflavonoids (276-368 мг/100 г), bioflavonoids complex fractional composition (anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechines, flavonols), vitamin С (60,5-72,2 мг/100 г) and mineral content have been studied in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Exogenous contaminants content (arsenic, heavy metals), hygienical safety indexes, caesium 137 radionuclides content have been investigated in the fruits. Specific varieties characterictics of Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit chemical composition have been determined. The studied fruit is fully safe and can be recommended to be used both fresh and processed.

scholarly journals Nectar Production and Spectrum of Insect Visitors in Six Varieties of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in SE Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Insect Visitors

Abstract The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of V. corymbosum in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied V. corymbosum varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.

scholarly journals Phenological features of the growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. O. Shcherbakova ◽  
V. F. Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Phenological Phases

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. The objects of research were plants of 24 cultivars of Itoh Group peonies. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Flowering and Ornamental Plants of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017–2020. The sum of effective temperatures was calculated by summing the daily air temperatures reduced by the biological zero.                 Results. The phenological phases of Ito Group cultivars growth were determined. Phenological spectra for different groups are presented. It was determined that the flowering of early cultivars: ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ starts at the sum of effective temperatures ≥ 400 °С. The middle group hybrids bloom when the sum of temperatures reaches 450 °С. This group includes: ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Late flowering group includes: ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’; accumulation of effective temperatures above 500 °С is an essential requirement for their flowering. Conclusions. Itoh Group cultivars successfully pass all phases of seasonal development and manage to complete the growing season. Cultivars belong to the spring-summer-autumn-green phenorhythmotype. The onset of the corresponding phenological phases in peonies of the studied group of cultivars requires a certain sum of effective temperatures. Plant outgrowth begins on March 23 – April 2, when the sum of effective temperatures ranges from 20–40 °С. The flowering of varieties characterized as late spring, lasts 6–9 days ± 3–4 days, depending on the varietal characteristics and the year of cultivation. A rapid increase in the sum of effective temperatures up to 700 °C shortens the flowering phase by 4–5 days. An assortment of early (May 22–25 ± 2–3 days), medium (May 26–28 ± 3–5 days) and late-flowering (May 29–31 ± 4–6 days) cultivars has been selected, what ensures the continuity of peony flowering during two months.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Calcium and Boron Do Not Increase Fruit Set or Yield in Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Arrington ◽  
Lisa Wasko DeVetter
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

Fruit set in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) can be low under certain climatic conditions, contributing to reduced yields in northwestern Washington. The mechanisms influencing fruit set are complex, but reduced fruit set may be associated with inadequate nutrient availability during critical stages of flowering, ovule fertilization, and initial fruit development. Calcium (Ca) and boron (B) are of particular interest for reproductive developmental processes and are frequently applied annually by growers in the Pacific Northwest region because of the perception that these nutrients enhance fruit set and corresponding yields. Evaluation of commonly applied products containing these nutrients and their effects on fruit set and yield are of specific importance to justify the application of these nutrients. To address this, commercially available fertilizers containing Ca and B were applied to ‘Draper’ and ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry as foliar sprays, either alone or in combination, during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in northwestern Washington. Treatments included calcium chloride (750 and 1500 ppm Ca), calcium sulfate (150 ppm Ca), and tetra borate (125 and 250 ppm B) foliar sprays, repeated six times per season every 7–10 days from early pink bud through petal fall. No significant increases were observed for fruit set, estimated yield, and fruit quality (firmness and berry weight) across the treatments. Increased concentrations of B were observed in leaf tissues in 2015 and 2016, and to a lesser extent fruit tissues. Calcium remained unchanged regardless of treatment and tissue type. Under the conditions of this study, foliar applications of Ca and B did not lead to increased fruit set or yield. This research suggests that other approaches should be explored to increase fruit set and corresponding yields of highbush blueberry grown in northwest Washington.

scholarly journals Growth and development of representatives of the genus Rosa L. in the Stavropol Botanical Garden

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
S. A. Bardakova
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Rosa Rugosa ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Phenological Phases

Relevance. To identify the features of the growth and development of species of roses of different geographical origin, to establish the biological minimum temperatures necessary for the beginning of flowering of representatives of the genus Rosa L., to study the morphological indicators of fruits.Methodology. The research material was 12 wild roses belonging to 4 sections: Canina Crep, Cinnamomeae DC, Luteae Crep, Pimpinellifoliae DC. The research was carried out using the methods of the Main Botanical Garden, floral and geographical analyses — according to Hrzhanovsky. A caliper was used to measure the length and diameter of 10 fruits. For the analysis of statistical data, the MS Excel table processor and the integrated MATLAB mathematical package were used.Results. The article presents the results of a study of species of roses in the Stavropol Botanical Garden of various geographical origin. The study involved 12 species belonging to 4 sections. The features of growth and development of plants in new soil and climatic conditions are revealed. The dates of the beginning of the main phenological phases andtheir duration have been established: spring regrowth of shoots, budding, beginning and end of flowering, fruiting. In the studied species of roses, the growing season begins in the first — second decade of March, flowering occurs in late May — early June, the fruits ripen in August — September. The dependence of the timing of the beginning of flowering in the studied roses on the dynamics of the accumulated average daily air temperatures and the sum of effective temperatures above 5 °C was revealed. Mathematically, it was proved that the lower limit of the air temperature required for the beginning of flowering of species of roses is +16 °C, when the sum of the average daily temperature air St° = 1007.75–1069.48 °С and St эф > 5 °С = 530.75–594.75 °С are accumulated. Early flowering species of roses include Rosa foetida Herrm., R. pendulina L., R. pimpinellifolia L., late flowering — R. caudata Baker and R. corymbifera Borkh. The shortest flowering period is in R. caudata Baker, R. jacutica Juz. and R. kamtschatica Vent. Representatives of those types mostly bloom once. Their flowers are formed on biennial and more mature shoots. The flowering period is 13–23 days. Rosa rugosa Thunb. blooms again, its flowering period is extended and long — from 40 to 48 days. All species of roses form fruits. The longest fruits are in R. pendulina L., R. caudata Baker, R. rugosa Thunb., R. corymbifera Borkh. and R. canina L., and large ones — in R. rugosa Thunb., R. marretii Lev. and R. roxburghi Tratt.

scholarly journals The influence of seed rate on the growth and development of early maturysorg cereal hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
A.O. Rozhkov ◽  
L.A. Sviridova ◽  
A.N. Sviridov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Phenological Phases

The results of four-year research on the influence of seeding rates on the dynamics of biometric indicators, the duration of phenological phases of development and plant safety of modern early-ripening hybrids of grain sorghum are given. It is established that the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha cause lengthening of the tillering period and the interphase formation period – grain ripening. Increasing the seeding rate to 240 thousand pieces /ha led to a decrease in the field germination rates of seeds and plant safety in all studying hybrids. The discrepancy between the height of plants by the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha was minimal and increased at high seeding rates of 200 and 240 thousand pieces / ha. For all the studying seeding rates, the maximum air-dry mass of plants was formed by the hybrid sorghum Yutami in all years of research. Keywords: sorghum, seeding rate, phenological phases, field germination, plant safety, height, air-dry mass.

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