O ASPECTO ERGONÔMICO NAS EMBALAGENS FARMACÊUTICAS - The Ergonomic Aspect in Pharmaceutical Packages

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hércules Henrique Camêlo da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Machado

RESUMOConsiderando o aumento no consumo de medicamentos de maneira global, sendo o Brasil um dos dez principais mercados farmacêuticos, e ao aumento da população idosa, seu principal usuário, torna-se importante conhecer os aspectos da interface de suas embalagens, bem como entender o processo de envelhecimento e habilidades e dificuldades no manuseio por seus públicos diversos. Muitas embalagens apresentam inúmeros problemas, desde baixa legibilidade a questões relacionadas à segurança, o que é agravado quando são utilizadas por idosos ou pessoas com baixa destreza manual ou ainda com problemas de saúde. Inserida nesta problemática, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo gerar subsídios para regulamentação da ergonomia de embalagens na indústria de medicamentos e, para tanto, foram necessárias investigações, teóricas e de mercado, visando entender os aspectos da interface destes produtos com seus usuários. Desse modo, inicialmente é apresentada uma revisão da literatura, que inclui habilidades e dificuldades na manipulação de produtos por usuários diversos, além de elementos indispensáveis para configuração de embalagens para medicamentos, como interface com materiais estruturais, normas, leis e regulamentos específicos. Para confirmar a hipótese de que há problemas de interface, são apresentadas as metodologias e resultados analisados e discutidos das abordagens com os usuários, bem como da avaliação de usabilidade desenvolvida. A partir dos dados analisados e discutidos com base na literatura, foi possível expor parâmetros para futuros desenvolvimentos de novas embalagens, dentre elas, a ampola, a bisnaga, o flaconete, o frasco conta-gotas, o frasco para xarope, o frasco para comprimidos, embalagem secundária entre outras.Palavras-chave: design; embalagens de medicamentos; design ergonômico; usabilidade de embalagens.    ABSTRACTConsidering the increase in the consumption of medicines in the world, being the Brazil one of the top ten pharmaceutical markets, and the increase in the elderly population, it is important to know the interface aspects of these packages, as well as understand the aging process, skills, and difficulties in handling of their target. There are many of these packages, and many have several problems, from low readability, security issues, which is exacerbated when they are used by the elderly or people with poor manual dexterity or with health problems. This research aims to generate parameters for regulation and practical application in the packaging industry of medicines and, therefore, were required several theoretical and market research, to understand the interface aspects of these products with their users. Thereby, initially it’s presents a comprehensive review of the literature, which includes skills and difficulties in handling products for different users, as well as indispensable elements for setting the packaging for medicines, as medicines with interface structural materials, standards, laws and regulations dealing with medicines. To confirm the hypothesis that there are problems at the interface of these packages, the methodologies and the results analyzed and discussed the approaches with users, as well as the usability evaluation. After all the data analyzed and discussed in the literature, it was possible to set parameters for the development of new packaging, among them, the ampoule, the tube of ointment, the dropper, bottles for syrup and bottles for pills and the secondary packaging.Keywords: design, packaging of medicinal products; ergonomic design; usability of packaging.

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Oliveira Baldoni ◽  
Farah Maria Drumond Chequer ◽  
Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz ◽  
Danielle Palma de Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira ◽  
...  

In recent decades, the world has undergone a demographic transformation with a rapid growth of the elderly population, resulting in an increased demand for funds to maintain their health and drug consumption. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occurring in the elderly can interfere directly in the adverse effects of drugs and increase the risk of intoxication. In addition, there are external factors interfering with the pharmacotherapy of the elderly, such as inappropriate use and the lack of access to information. Many therapeutic classes of drugs should be used with caution or avoided in the elderly population, such as anti-inflammatory and some anti-hypertensive drugs, diuretics and digitalis. If not managed carefully, these medicines can affect the safety and quality of life in the elderly. Thus, the aim of this review was to identify drugs that should be used with caution in elderly patients in order to avoid intoxication and/or adverse drug events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1733-1736
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Nigwal ◽  
Lajwanti Keswani ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Malviya ◽  
Arvind Kumar Yadav

Cardiovascular disease such as hypertension will be the largest cause of death and disability in India by 2020. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing globally and currently, more than 1 billion people have hypertension. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2000 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this con- dition by 2025. Elevated blood pressure affects 1 billion individuals and causes an estimated 10.4 million deaths per year. Thus, hypertension is needed to be studied. Though a lot of potent antihypertensive drugs are available today none of them is free from untoward adverse effects. Especially the elderly population poorly tolerates these drugs. The global incidence of hypertension is increasing day by day and is a very common problem nowadays. Ayurveda has classified the causes of disease into three main categories: - 1. Asatmendriyartha Samyoga 2. Pragyaparada and 3. Parinama (Kaala), these three main causes of disease enable different kinds of diseases to manifest. Firstly, they lead to the imbalance of body /or mind by vitiation the Tridosha. The consequence of the imbalance is a disturbance of the basic biological principles. Hypertension is a lifestyle disorder. Ayurveda causes of lifestyle disorders are mainly Pragyaparada. Pragyaparadha is the main cause of all noncommunicable dis- eases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc. Keywords: Asatmendriyartha, Pragyaparada, Parinama, Trividha Rogaayatanas, Hypertension.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Stephanie Elizabeth Gunawan ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an elderly person is someone who has entered the age of 60 years and above whose percentage tends to increase along with decreasing morbidity of the elderly. Geriatric Neurology itself is the study of a group of neurological diseases in the elderly. Based on 2012 data, the proportion of elderly population in Indonesia is 7.59%. This is accompanied by an increase in the dependency ratio of the productive age population to the non-productive age population. The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research showed an increase in the prevalence of neurological disease in the elderly which was the main cause of death in 15 regencies in 2011. It is to find out the 5 most neurological diseases in the elderly, clinical characteristics and outcomes of geriatric neurology patients treated at the Central Hospital of Sanglah.Methods: It is a retrospective study using no control by looking at medical records in geriatric neurology patients aged 60 years and over who visited the Central Hospital of Sanglah in the March to May 2019 period.Results: A total of 200 patients consisted of 111 men (55.5%) and 89 women (44.5%) who were divided into 5 most geriatric neurology diseases which included 1. ischemic stroke, 2. bleeding stroke, 3. brain tumor, 4. injury head, and 5. epilepsy. The number of deaths was 16, of which 7 cases were caused by sepsis and pneumonia.Conclusions: Stroke, tumors, head injuries and epilepsy are the dominant neurological diseases found. The focus of care and supervision of elderly neurology patients is expected to be further enhanced to prevent side effects that will extend the patient’s treatment period in the hospital which will automatically increase the burden on the hospital itself.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Sabira Gadžo-Šašić ◽  
◽  
Ivana Ristić ◽  

The main characteristic of the 21st century is the increase in the number of third-age persons in the total human population of the world. Therefore, it is an imperative to create new modes and to improve existing modes of assistance and support to this group of people. This paper specifically seeks to draw attention to possible directions for the development of care services for the elderly. The tasks of the professionals (social workers and occupational therapists), working in institutions for the permanent placement/accommodation and care of the elderly, were also analyzed. In addition to the above-mentioned, the status of the elderly population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia hasbeen reviewed.


Author(s):  
Amir Alam ◽  
Muhammad Ibrar ◽  
Parveen Khan

All human beings are susceptible to numerous problems in life however the elderly population is much more vulnerable to such issues. The number of elderly population is increasing particularly in the developing countries. In 2050, it is estimated that the world will have more aged people than the children less than 15 years (Muhammad, 2013). Although elderly have better contributed in the development during their productive time, however, their contribution has not been acknowledged. They are not properly cared by their family members rather they are abused mentally and physically. They have weak economic status due to their weak physical and mental health. They are not allowed to be involved in decision making. These deprivations and deplorable condition have led them to be dependent on others. In Pakistan till now, no social policy has been devised which could have been influential in the solution of the elderly problem. This literature based study highlights the problems of the senior citizens of Pakistan.


Author(s):  
Е. А. Темникова ◽  
А. И. Кондратьев ◽  
М. В. Темников

Значительное увеличение численности лиц пожилого и старческого возраста во всём мире ведёт к возрастанию актуальности проблем сохранения здоровья и адекватной медицинской помощи гериатрическим пациентам. Особое значение приобретают своевременная диагностика и лечение хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, частота которых с возрастом значительно нарастает. Артериальная гипертензия в пожилом и старческом возрасте всегда вызывала особое внимание исследователей и практических врачей из-за её распространённости, меняющихся подходов к диагностике и оценке влияния на прогноз, различающихся неоднозначных предложений по ведению возрастных пациентов. В обзоре представлены данные международных и отечественных исследований и рекомендаций по вопросам патофизиологии артериальной гипертензии, особенностям её диагностики и лечения в различных клинических ситуациях. A significant increase of the elderly population over the world leads to an increasing the relevance of the problems of maintaining health and adequate medical care for geriatric patients. Timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncommunicable diseases, the frequency of which increases with age, have been the particular importance. The researchers and practicing doctors have always paid special attention to hypertension in old and very old age due to its prevalence, changeable approaches to diagnosis and assessment of the impact on the prognosis, various ambiguous proposals for the management of the patients. Modern information about the international and domestic researches and recommendations on the issues of the pathophysiology of hypertension, features of its diagnosis and treatment in various clinical situations is presented in the review.


2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Chang Lo ◽  
Pin Chang Lin ◽  
Kang Ping Lin

Similar to many other countries in the world, the elderly population in Taiwan is now growing rapidly. Some older adults are found to have difficulty controlling their emotion, which may later develop into psychological diseases such as anxiety disorder. Therefore, emotional control is an important issue for elderly citizens. This study proposed a wearable biofeedback emotional control device, FeelVest, which integrates electrocardiography acquisition with heart rate variability analyzing techniques to detect user’s emotion. When a user is nervous and unstable, FeelVest would analyze the emotional state of the user. If the user’s emotional condition is judged as abnormal, the control module would remind the user to relax through vocal notification, or broadcast relaxation melodies to ease the user’s nerve. With this vest, older adults are able to monitor and regulate their own emotion and have a healthier life style.


10.3823/2359 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karênina De Freitas Jordão do Amaral ◽  
Ana Karina Moreira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Ana Zuli Vidal Moreira de Freitas ◽  
Marcela Leiros Maciel Macedo ◽  
Mônica Rocha Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  

The population of Brazil and the world is aging. The great challenge is to grow old by maintaining quality of life with health, including oral health. The objective of this study was to identify the recurrent themes in Geriodontics, through a bibliometric survey, using the database of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), conducted in 2016. Geriodontics, as a relatively new specialty, presents major challenges related to the elderly population (oral health, prostheses, periodontics, for example). In view of a historical context of aging and increased elderly population, there is a concern to deepen the studies in relation to the subject. Knowing the problems allows offering a better service with quality and adequate training of the professional.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
A.A. Anisimova ◽  

New digital technologies now allow contactless payments to be made both at retail outlets and at a great distance from them. Until recently, such features were only a new tool to provide convenience to customers. Now, with the COVID-19 pandemic, cashless payments have become a necessity all over the world. At the same time, there are objective obstacles to a complete transition to cashless payments. The article analyzes the barriers to the transition to a cashless society exemplified by the EU countries, and assesses the development of cashless payments in Russia. The main obstacles are security in making payments and the isolation of certain population groups from the economic and social life of society. Security issues concern not only the prevention of money theft, but also the prevention of failures in electronic payment systems. People who do not have bank accounts or do not know how to use electronic payment instruments may find themselves in economic and social isolation. This could clearly be seen during the pandemic, when the elderly needed the help of volunteers to purchase goods because they could not use the services of online stores. The article identifies trends in the development of non-cash payments in the EU and Russia, including the circumstances associated with COVID-19. The development of cashless payments depends on economic stability, and one can expect a decrease in consumer activity in the sphere of using non-cash banking services in Russia and other countries due to the world economic crisis in 2020.


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