Today, there is such a significant anthropogenic impact on nature all over the world that natural compensatory processes can not to deal with its harmful effects, especially in urban areas. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the current issues of urboecology and urban greening. Lawn is a multifunctional plant formation, an integral elements of urban landscapes, the basis of compositional solutions for urban greening and the main buffer element in the city. The lawn is the most important element of landscaping in any type of greenery, which plays a sanitary role. The analysis of the state of multifunctional lawns in cities and the development its ecological and biological standards for creating stable sward in urban areas is relevant. The authors present the results of the assessment of decorative effect and quality of the structure of lawn coverings for different functional purpose in the city Brovary. We chose on the territory of Brovary different lawns for multifunctional purpose: park “Peremoha”, park named after T.G. Shevchenko, park “Sosnovyi”, cemetery “Stare”, school territory № 9, boulevard “Nezalezhnosti”, stadium “Spartak”, stadium near school № 7, stadium of Brovary Higher School of Physical Culture. Determination of turf grass and weed vegetation we carried out in accordance with the “Determinant of higher plants of Ukraine” (1987). The actual weed-infested determined by the survey method and evaluated in points. For the Latin names of plants, we use The Plant List. The assessment of lawn decorative effect (general decorativeness) carried out with the 5-point scale (Laptev, 1983). We analyzed the quality of the structure of the lawn culture phytocenosis with 6-point scale of Laptev, which consists from the number of units of shoots per area of 100 cm2. Thus, we can group the experimental lawn coverings by qualitative characteristics of the state, where 5 objects from 9 experimental (park “Sosnovyi”, cemetery “Stare”, school territory № 9, boulevard “Nezalezhnosti”, stadium of Brovary Higher School of Physical Culture) evaluated in the lowest indicators and need a complete renovation. On the territory of the cemetery “Stare” lawn we found the largest number of weed species and we noted such species as: Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex FH Wigg., Plantago major L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Capsella bursa-pastoris L. Medik., Elytrigia repens L. (Nevski), Poa annua L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve. Indicators of the general decorativeness of lawns in the park “Peremoha” and the stadium near the school № 7 were the same, but the results of quality analysis of the structure of lawn indicate low shoot-forming ability of turf grasses, which is essential indicator for sport lawns for formation of a resistant turf to various types of loading. The lawns on the territory of park “Peremoha”, stadium “Spartak” and stadium near school № 7 characterized by good and mediocre quality of sward and require such agronomic operations as aeration, grounding and fertilization. Sport lawns in the city Brovary characterized by high indicators of weed-infested (3 points) that in turn influences both on decorative effect and complex estimation indicators of a lawn covering. It should also be noted that the frequency of fertilization for sports lawns is higher than for other types. The research results show that the lawn on the territory boulevard “Nezalezhnosti” estimated in 3 points by general decorativeness, because the projective cover was mosaic-group (Laptev, 1983) and 2 points – the quality of the structure of the lawn. In our opinion, such low rates are probably caused by anthropogenic load, as the research object located right next to the highway, but studies of this nature need to be continued. According to the results, it is established that the condition of the lawns in Brovary for different functional purpose differs greatly in quality indicators (Laptev, 1983): sports – mediocre condition, decorative – satisfactory (except for the park “Sosnovyi”), special purpose – unsatisfactory condition. The authors propose agro-technical operations to improve the quality and decorative effect of lawns in the city. However, areas of lawn coverings with "bad" grass quality indicators require restoration.
“HÁ TRÊS TIPOS DE MENTIRAS: MENTIRAS, MENTIRAS TERRÍVEIS E ESTATÍSTICAS”
