scholarly journals ANALISIS KINERJA DAN KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL MESIN PENGUPAS KENTANG TIPE SILINDER ABRASIVE (Performance and Financial Feasibility of Potato Peeler Abrasive Cylinder Type)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmad Thoriq ◽  
Rizky Mulya Sampurno ◽  
Sarifah Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Stripping Efficiency ◽  
Two Machines

In producing potato chips mechanically there are two machines that play an important role, i.e. peeler and slicer potato. As a basis in production planning, it is necessary to test the performance of the machines of both units of the machine. The performance of potato slicing machine has been done in the previous research with the slicing capacity reaching 71.160 kg/hour. This study aims to test the performance and financial feasibility of potato peelers. Performance testing of potato peeler begins with the preparation of sweet potato, sorting the shape and size, and weighing. Some parameters measured during the test process consist of: power, effective capacity, weight loss, potato cleanliness, and stripping efficiency. Some of the parameters calculated on the financial feasibility analysis include: HPP, NPV, BCR, PBP and IRR. The result showed that peeling capacity was 396,73 watt, with peeling machine capacity 90.33 kg/hour, stripping efficiency 88.32%, for 2 minute stripping happened weight reduction 11.68% from initial weight 3.06 kg, with a cleanliness level that reaches 100% for potatoes round and 90% for ovalshaped potatoes. In the production capacity of potato peeled 6382,36 kg/month, the cost of production achieved Rp 12,149/kg. When peeled potatoes are sold at market price of Rp 18,000/kg, we get NPV of Rp 1,538,996,547/year, BCR of 1.42, IRR of 33.48% and capital returns in the sixth month. Keywords: machine performance, financial feasibility, peeled potato, potato peeler, sweet potato   ABSTRAK Terdapat dua mesin yang berperan penting pada produksi keripik kentang secara mekanis yaitu mesin pengupas dan mesin pengiris kentang. Sebagai dasar dalam perencanaan produksi, perlu dilakukan uji kinerja mesin kedua unit mesin tersebut.  Kinerja mesin pengiris kentang telah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya dengan kapasitas pengirisan yang mencapai  71,160 kg/jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji kinerja dan kelayakan finansial mesin pengupas kentang. Pengujian kinerja mesin pengupas kentang dimulai dengan penyiapan ubi kentang, sortasi berdasarkan bentuk dan ukuran, dan penimbangan. Beberapa parameter yang diukur selama proses pengujian terdiri atas : daya, kapasitas efektif, kehilangan bobot, tingkat kebersihan kentang, dan efesiensi pengupasan.  Beberapa parameter yang dihitung pada analisis kelayakan finansial antara lain : HPP, NPV, BCR, PBP dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya daya pengupasan sebesar 396,73 watt, dengan kapasitas mesin pengupas sebesar 90,33 kg/jam, efesiensi pengupasan 88,32%, selama 2 menit pengupasan terjadi pengurangan bobot sebesar 11,68 % dari berat awal 3,06 kg, dengan tingkat kebersihan yang mencapai 100% untuk kentang berbentuk bulat dan 90% untuk kentang berbentuk lonjong. Pada kapasitas produksi kentang kupas 6382,36 kg/bulan, harga pokok produksi sebesar Rp. 12.149 /kg.  Bila kentang kupas dijual dengan harga pasar Rp.18.000/kg maka didapatkan NPV sebesar Rp.1.538.996.547/tahun, BCR sebesar 1,42, IRR sebesar 33,48% dan modal akan kembali pada bulan keenam.  Kata kunci: kinerja mesin, kelayakan finansial, kentang kupas, mesin pengupas, ubi kentang  

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI SAPI POTONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dapot Parlindungan ◽  
Arti Yoesdiarti ◽  
Himmatul Miftah
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Loss Parameter ◽  
The Cost

Analisis kelayakan peningkatan kapasitas produksi sapi potong ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial peningkatan usaha yang akan dilakukan oleh CV Lembu Mas. CV Lembu Mas bertujuan untuk meningkatkan usaha penggemukan sapinya dari 31 ekor per tahun menjadi 501 ekor per tahun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di  CV Lembu Mas (Kelurahan Kedaung Kecamatan Sawangan Kota Depok Jawa Barat) mulai dari September sampai dengan November  2016.  Analisis finansial dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha yaitu besar manfaat (benefit) dan besar biaya dalam usaha ini, yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis finansial, yang terdiri dari struktur biaya dan analisis cashflow dengan kriteria NPV, Payback period. Hasil NPV yang diperoleh NPV > 0 = 789.314.098. Kriteria Laba-Rugi peningkatan kapasitas produksi memperoleh keuntungan pada tahun pertama sebesar Rp 128.440.450, tahun kedua sampai tahun kelima memperoleh keuntungan  sebesar : Rp 209.408.450. Kriteria R/C Ratio diperoleh 1,1 pada tahun petama dan 1,2 pada tahun kedua sampai tahun kelima. Berdasarkan kriteria payback period yang diperoleh lebih cepat dari umur bisnis, yaitu 1 tahun 11 bulan. Berdasarkan aspek finansial, peningkatan kapasitas produksi dikatakan layak untuk dijalankan.KATA KUNCI: analisis kelayakan, sapi potong, pengembangan usaha.  FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BEEF PRODUCTION CAPACITY EXPANSION ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of production expansion of beef at CV Lembu Mas, Depok. CV Lembu Mas intended to expand their beef production, from 31 beef to 51 beef. The study was conducted at CV Lembu Mas from September to November 2016. Financial analysis was done to assess the benefit and the cost in this business and consisted of  cost structure and cash flow analyzes using NPV and Payback Period parameters. Results showed that the NPV was NPV > 0 = Rp 789.314.098.  With profit-loss parameter, it was shown that the first year profit was Rp 128.440.450 and in year 2 to 5, the profit was Rp 209.408.450,-.  The R/ C ratios were 1.1 in the first year and 1.2 in year 2 to 5.  Payback period was 1 year 11 months, shorter than the age of the business.  Based on the results of financial and non financial analyzes, it was concluded that the expansion of production capacity was feasible.  

scholarly journals Design of Cilembu Sweet Potato Cleaning Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5054-5058
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Cleaning Machine

Sweet potato is a food local product that it is very popular in domestic and foreign consumers. This is because the unique sweetness taste when consumed directly by the consumers. Cilembu Village, in Sumedang is a center of sweet potato production which has been exported to Malaysia, Japan, Korea and Singapore with a production capacity of 10 ton.ha-1 . Unfortunateyl, sweet potatoes cleaning process is still low, with about 50 kg.day-1 - 70 kg.day-1 because of it’s manually and conventional processed. In order to increase the cleaning capacity, it was neccesary to do the the research of sweet potato cleaning machine technology . The aim of this study was to design a prototype of sweet potato cleaning machine with a capacity of 100 kg.hr-1 . The method conducted in this research was engineering design with observation of research, characteristics with sweet potato, design criteria, functional and structural design, figure design, technical analysis, mechanism process, functional machine and performance test. The measurement results of sweet potato showed that the bulk density, angle of repose, roundness are 562.52 kg.m -3 , 70.500 , 0.1. The clening machine prototype was produced with dimension of 400 mm (length) x 490 mm (height) x 400 mm (width) with a power source generator using 1 HP electric motor. The resulted of sweet potato cleaning machine functional test showed that actual capacity was 103 kg.hr-1 . In general, the results of engine performance testing can be concluded that the machine can function properly, which can clean sweet potatoes from soil dirt

PP581 Catastrophic Costs Of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Estimation Based On The Cost Of Treatment In China

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Lijun Shen ◽  
Shangshang Gu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Yuehua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Drug Affordability ◽  
The Cost

IntroductionChina bears a considerably high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Second-line anti-TB drugs are urgently needed yet domestic MDR-TB drugs are expensive and lack policy support. Patients’ living conditions are closely related to the drug affordability. The national TB prevention programs should play a critical role. The purpose of this study is to measure the cost of treating MDR-TB patients under different treatment schemes and price sources. The results of this study are expected to inform the relevant drug protection policies and provide inputs for further cost-effectiveness analyses.MethodsBased on the treatment plan of China's Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Clinical Path (2012 edition) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Guide (2018 edition), the treatment costs of MDR-TB were measured under different scenarios. Catastrophic health expenditure was then calculated if the treatment cost exceeds 40 percent of the household's non-subsistence income. National, rural and disposable income per capita in 2018, were used to represent Chinese patients’ affordability.ResultsUnder varied treatment schemes and market price sources in China, the total costs for MDR-TB patients range from 19,401 to 126,703 CNY [2,853 to 18,633 USD] per person. Under current prices, all treatment schemes recommended by the WHO will incur catastrophic costs for Chinese MDR-TB patients. Significant differences were found between rural and urban areas as 52.8 percent of the treatment listed in the 2012 China Guideline would lead to catastrophic cost for rural patients but not urban ones.ConclusionsOur study concludes that the domestic drugs are more expensive than the international purchase price and the treatment of MDR-TB imposes substantial economic burden on patients, especially in the rural areas. The results of the study also indicate that it is urgent for the state to emphasize government responsibility and initiate centralized procurement for price negotiations to reduce the market price of MDR-TB drugs. The urban-rural gap should also be addressed in the design of future policies to ensure the drug affordability for all patients in need.

scholarly journals Backward-forward linear-quadratic mean-field Stackelberg games

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehan Si ◽  
Zhen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Consistency Condition ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Stackelberg Games ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Population System ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper studies a controlled backward-forward linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) large population system in Stackelberg games. The leader agent is of backward state and follower agents are of forward state. The leader agent is dominating as its state enters those of follower agents. On the other hand, the state-average of all follower agents affects the cost functional of the leader agent. In reality, the leader and the followers may represent two typical types of participants involved in market price formation: the supplier and producers. This differs from standard MFG literature and is mainly due to the Stackelberg structure here. By variational analysis, the consistency condition system can be represented by some fully-coupled backward-forward stochastic differential equations (BFSDEs) with high dimensional block structure in an open-loop sense. Next, we discuss the well-posedness of such a BFSDE system by virtue of the contraction mapping method. Consequently, we obtain the decentralized strategies for the leader and follower agents which are proved to satisfy the ε-Nash equilibrium property.

Legume production at Cyrene in the Hellenistic period: epigraphic evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Muna H. Haroun Abdelhamed
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Legume Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLegumes seem to have been cultivated and to have formed an essential part of the human diet during the Greek and Roman periods. This paper examines the cultivation of pulses in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era. It considers the regional production capacity for legumes to meet local needs and argues the involvement of different kinds of pulses in interregional commerce alongside cereals and other dry grains. This study has been implemented via investigating Hellenistic epigraphic evidence from Cyrene. It has traced the cost of pulses mentioned in inscriptions of the fourth and third/second centuries BC and compared them with that of wheat and barley. Pulses and cereal costs indicated by Diocletian's ‘Edict on Maximum Prices of AD 301’ have also been investigated to assess the general trend of their prices over time. The examination demonstrates that varieties of pulses were produced in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era and were likely as significant as wheat and barley. It also indicates that they were probably traded from the region alongside other dry commodities.

scholarly journals Development of Protein Rich Flavored Bar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Kaustav Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Rich

Abstract: The present study entitled “Development of protein rich flavoured bar” was conducted with the objective to develop protein rich flavoured bar using different ingredients, to assess the sensory accessibility, determine the nutritional composition and cost of developed protein bar. Protein rich flavoured bar were prepared by using three treatments i.e. T1 (dates 50g, oats 10g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 5g, cocoa powder 10g), T2 (dates 45g, oats 8g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, guava flavour 10g) and T3 (dates 40g, oats 13g, flaxseeds 5g, sesame seeds 5g, pumpkin seeds 5g, peanut powder 10g, honey 12g, orange flavour 10g). Organoleptic evaluation of the prepared product in relation to sensory attributes was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale score card by Srilaksmi (2015). The nutrient content of the value added food products were calculated with the help of food composition table given by Gopalan et al., (2011). The cost of individual raw ingredients used in the preparation of the food product as the prevailing market price. All treatments were replicated four times and the data obtained during investigation were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and critical difference (C.D.) techniques. On the basis of sensory acceptability it was found that T1 was scored highest in terms of colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and taste and overall acceptability. As well as T1 shows significantly high in the nutritive value among all treatments regarding energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibre, calcium and iron. The cost of the protein rich flavoured bar per 100g of dry ingredients at the prevailing cost of the raw materials was highest in T1 (Rs. 29.33) followed by T2 (Rs. 20.69) and T3 (Rs. 20.34). Dates are very good source of fibre, carbohydrate, protein and act as natural sweetener with no fat. As the bar is rich in protein, iron and other macronutrients, so it is majorly recommended for Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), athletes and anemic patient. Daily 100g of dates intake helps to get all essential nutrients. Strictly restricted for Type-1 diabetic patients. Keywords: Protein, Nutrient content, organoleptic evaluation, nutrition bar, cost.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Rui Chen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Cost

The Resource Tax Law was officially implemented on September 1, 2020, in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under asymmetric duopoly conditions with perfect information. The mechanisms of the two policies are different when all firms simultaneously respond to water resources: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. Water resource taxes work better than fees for eliminating backward production capacity. A comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is also carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. As the operational cost for reducing water consumption increases, the reduced water consumption first increases and then decreases.

scholarly journals Proposed Policy Preventive Maintenance Machine Moriseiki NH 4000 DCG Method Of Reliability Center Maintenance (RCM) And Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) Case Study PT. Pudak Scientific

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachri Husaini
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Acceptance Set ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company

PT Pudak Scientific is a company engaged in the manufacture of aircraft parts industry. Meeting the precise and timely demand of aerospace parts from customers becomes a major corporate responsibility. However, Loss Revenue often occurs due to engine breakdown. So that cause because the production target is not achieved, the product reject, and the delay of delivery. One of the machines that often experience breakdown is Mori seiki NH4000 DCG. Mori seiki NH4000 DCG is the finishing machine for Blank fork End product. The demand for this part is quite large, making it a tough task for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. But because the breakdown of the machine is high enough to cause production targets every month are often not met. In addition, Maintenance activities that have not noticed the characteristics of engine damage, as well as the distribution of historical data of the machine causing less effective and efficient actions resulted in substantial Maintenance costs. Based on the results of risk analysis of Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG engine damage, in terms of performance loss system caused by a large enough that is 3.773% of machine production capacity per year. This figure exceeds the risk acceptance criteria by the company that is 2%. Therefore it is necessary to find the appropriate Maintenance policy for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. The approach is to use Reliability Centeres Maintenance and Risk Based Maintenance. Based on the above two approaches obtained the appropriate interval time so that the Maintenance activities more effective and can improve the efficiency of treatment by reducing the cost of care previously Rp167.506.286, - per year, to Rp 96.147.061, - per year. With the policy is expected to reduce engine breakdown and performance loss caused. So the number of risks that arise for the future are within the criteria of acceptance set by the company.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-rui Chen ◽  
Pu-yan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: The Resource Tax Law has been officially implemented on September 1, 2020 in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. Methods: This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under an asymmetric duopoly with perfect information. Results: First, an analysis when all firms simultaneously respond to the water resource policy is conducted. The mechanisms of the two policies are different: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. It is shown that the tax works better than the fee for eliminating backward production capacity. Then, a comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. Conclusions: When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. Therefore, the “Fee-to-Tax” reform provides some benefits to maintain the environmental development of some water-mining or related industries.

scholarly journals PREÇO MÍNIMO DE VENDA DA MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTO PARA OS SEGMENTOS DE CARVÃO E SERRARIA

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos de Freitas ◽  
Wilmerson Bernardino Prado ◽  
Aline Pereira das Virgens ◽  
Danusia Silva Luz ◽  
Ana Carolina Dantas Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Standing Timber

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o preço mínimo de venda de madeira de eucalipto com reflorestamentos destinados aos segmentos de carvão e serraria. O preço mínimo foi determinado através dos dados de custos e receitas dos empreendimentos. Os custos dos projetos foram descontados para o ano zero, somados e igualados a receita, também descontada para o ano zero.  A receita foi expressa pelo produto do Incremento Médio Anual, idade de corte, e preço mínimo de venda da madeira. Foram obtidos os seguintes preços mínimos de venda para madeira: carvão (R$ 38,44 para madeira em pé e R$ 55,39 para madeira empilhada); serraria (R$ 29,76 para madeira em pé e R$57,71 para madeira empilhada). Os valores encontrados foram inferiores ao preço de mercado, evidenciando que o custo de produção da madeira foi totalmente assegurado pelo seu preço de venda, proporcionando ainda um adicional de receita para cada metro cúbico comercializado. A análise de sensibilidade mostrou grande influência da taxa de juros no preço mínimo de venda da madeira, diferentemente do que foi observado para o custo anual de arrendamento da terra. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram importância ao nortear produtores florestais em relação aos preços de comercialização de produtos.Palavras-chave: planejamento econômico, projetos florestais, custo de madeira. MINIMUM SALE PRICE OF EUCALYPT TIMBER CONSIDERING REFORESTATION TO VEGETAL COAL PRODUCTION AND SAWMILL ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum selling price of eucalyptus wood with reforestation for the coal and sawmill segments. The minimum price was determined by the cost and revenue data of the projects. Project costs were discounted for year zero, plus and equal to revenue, also discounted for year zero. Revenue was expressed as the product of the Annual Average Increase, age of cut, and minimum selling price of the wood. The following minimum selling prices were obtained for wood: coal (R $ 38.44 for standing timber and R $ 55.39 for stacked timber); (R $ 29.76 for standing timber and R $ 57.71 for timber stacked). The values found were lower than the market price, evidencing that the cost of production of the wood was fully assured by its selling price, also providing an additional revenue for each cubic meter marketed. The sensitivity analysis showed a large influence of the interest rate on the minimum selling price of the wood, unlike what was observed for the annual cost of renting the land. The results of the survey show importance when guiding forest producers in relation to the prices of products commercialization.Keywords: economic planning, forestry projects, timber cost.

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