scholarly journals INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1936
Author(s):  
Imran Samejo ◽  
Gotam Das ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb Rana ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and infection control practices among private dental laboratories in Karachi. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private Dental Laboratories of Karachi. Period: 01st September 2017 to 01st February 2018. Materials and Methods: A pre structured questionnaire comprised of 09 questions regarding infection control was used to collect the data. A total 35 questionnaires were given to dental technicians. 29 questionnaires were obtained out of 35 distributed (response rate: 83%). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Gloves were not worn by 76% of respondents while receiving the clinical items. Protective eyeglasses and protective face shield were not worn by 38% and 13% of respondents respectively during laboratory work. Few 13% of respondents were vaccinated against the hepatitis b virus. Clinical items were disinfected by 17% of respondents if not disinfected by dental clinic. Laboratory work was not disinfected by 90% of respondents before sending to clinic. Pumice slurry and water of pressure pot were changed by 6% and 6% respectively. Regarding infection control measure impose financial burden, 83% of respondents were agreed. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of infection control were poor and below acceptable standards in private dental laboratories.

scholarly journals Etiology, presentation and treatment of ocular trauma in paediatric population.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Noman Ahmed ◽  
Mehatab Alam Khanzada ◽  
Nisar Ahmed Jandan ◽  
Ashok Kumar Narsani
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine the etiology, presentation and treatment of ocular trauma in paediatric population. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Period: January, 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: Data was collected using a questionnaire having age, sex, cause of injury and time at presentation to the emergency. It also focused on which structures were damaged due to injury, investigations being used, and treatment performed. Results: In our study we found 80 cases of ocular trauma in pediatric population visiting the ophthalmology department. Gender distribution of the study group which includes 72.5% (n=58) males and 27.5% (n=22) females. It was found during playing 86.3% of children had ocular trauma followed by injury due to domestic stuff like glass, bleach cleaners in 7.5% of the study group. The most frequently occurring ocular trauma was found to be corneal tear occurring in 25% of the study group. Conclusion: Ocular trauma in children can be prevented by simple measures like supervising children and educating parents and teachers for potential hazard substances. It is important to address like healthcare issue as ocular trauma can lead to lifelong blindness along with psychological and financial burden for the caretaker and children themselves.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices among health functionaries working at first referral units: a cross sectional study in a district of Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2511
Author(s):  
Brijesh Kumar Shukla ◽  
Suneel Kumar Kaushal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Misra Misra ◽  
Shailendra Singh Chaudhary ◽  
Geetu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Nurse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Staff Nurse ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Pregnancy and child birth are normal event in the life of women. Most pregnancy results in normal birth but any pregnancy can develop complication at any stage so timely provision of obstetric services is extremely important and to the care by a skill birth attendant. So knowledge, skills and practices of these are very important. In light of above the study was carried out with objective to assess the knowledge and practices of medical officer and paramedical staffs (staff nurses and ANM) regarding antenatal services, intra-natal services, postnatal services.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at first referral units (FRUs) of Agra district of Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2015–August 2016. Structured open ended interview schedule were use d to collect the desired information. Before commencing the interview, informed written consent were taken from respondents. All medical officer and all staff nurse, public health nurse and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANM) were included as study subjects. Data were collected by first author himself. A total of 25 medical officers and 30 paramedical staff were interview for the study.Results: Almost all the medical staffs (100%) have knowledge regarding antenatal care except minimum ANC visit (80%) as practice of ANC services concerned less than half of them doing it as routine, nearly 1/3rd of medical staff (32.0%) conducted or assists delivery (i.e. only LSCS) in routine practices.Conclusions: Knowledge about maternal health services was more among medical staffs than paramedical staffs. Paramedical staffs have less knowledge as well as practice about neonatal resuscitation and infection control measure. Only less than 1/3rd of medical staffs conducting or assisting deliveries. 

Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

scholarly journals Out-of-Pocket Costs and Perceived Financial Burden Associated with Prostate Cancer Treatment in a Quebec Remote Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Abir El-Haouly ◽  
Anais Lacasse ◽  
Hares El-Rami ◽  
Frederic Liandier ◽  
Alice Dragomir
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
School Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Out Of Pocket Costs

Background: In publicly funded healthcare systems, patients do not pay for medical visits but can experience costs stemming from travel or over-the-counter drugs. We lack information about the extent of this burden in Canadian remote regions. This study aimed to: (1) describe prostate cancer-related out-of-pocket costs and perceived financial burden, and (2) identify factors associated with such a perceived burden among prostate cancer patients living in a remote region of the province of Quebec (Canada). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 prostate cancer patients who consulted at the outpatient clinic of the Centre Hospitalier de Rouyn-Noranda. Results: The majority of patients (83%) had incurred out-of-pocket costs for their cancer care. The mean total cost incurred in the last three months was $517 and 22.3% reported a moderate, considerable or unsustainable burden. Multivariable analysis revealed that having incurred higher cancer-related out-of-pocket costs (OR: 1.001; 95%CI: 1.001–1.002) private drug insurance (vs. public, OR: 5.23; 95%CI: 1.13–24.17) was associated with a greater perceived financial burden. Having better physical health-related quality of life (OR: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.913–0.997), a university education (vs. elementary/high school level, OR: 0.03; 95%CI: 0.00–0.79), and an income between $40,000 and $79,999 (vs. ≤ $39,999, OR: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.03–0.69) were associated with a lower perceived burden. Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients incur out-of-pocket costs even if they were diagnosed many years ago and the perceived burden is significant. Greater attention should be paid to the development of services to help patients manage this burden.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Degu Abate Mengiste ◽  
Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽  
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Induced Abortion and Associated Factors among Female Students of Hawassa University, Southern Region, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Addisu Tadesse Sahile ◽  
Mieraf Shiferaw Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives ◽  
Hawassa University

Objectives. This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of induced abortion and associated factors among students in Hawassa University, southern region, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 422 students selected on the bases of a probability simple random sampling method. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was made with SPSS 20. Descriptive summary and inferential statistics (binary logistic regression) were used with a 95% CI and P value of less than 5% as a level of significance. Findings were presented in tables, figure, and texts. Confidentiality of information was also secured. Results. The prevalence of induced abortion in the study setting was 68.7% (95% CI: 64.15%-73.2%). Participants who used emergency contraceptives had 12 times higher odds of undergoing abortion than those who did not use emergency contraceptives at AOR: 11.95, 95% CI: 5.615-25.326, P<001. Conclusions. A higher prevalence of induced abortion was observed in the study setting. Contraceptive use was the predictor of induced abortion identified. Concerned bodies were recommended to work on the identified determinant of induced abortion in the study setting.

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