scholarly journals Etiology, presentation and treatment of ocular trauma in paediatric population.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Noman Ahmed ◽  
Mehatab Alam Khanzada ◽  
Nisar Ahmed Jandan ◽  
Ashok Kumar Narsani
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine the etiology, presentation and treatment of ocular trauma in paediatric population. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Period: January, 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: Data was collected using a questionnaire having age, sex, cause of injury and time at presentation to the emergency. It also focused on which structures were damaged due to injury, investigations being used, and treatment performed. Results: In our study we found 80 cases of ocular trauma in pediatric population visiting the ophthalmology department. Gender distribution of the study group which includes 72.5% (n=58) males and 27.5% (n=22) females. It was found during playing 86.3% of children had ocular trauma followed by injury due to domestic stuff like glass, bleach cleaners in 7.5% of the study group. The most frequently occurring ocular trauma was found to be corneal tear occurring in 25% of the study group. Conclusion: Ocular trauma in children can be prevented by simple measures like supervising children and educating parents and teachers for potential hazard substances. It is important to address like healthcare issue as ocular trauma can lead to lifelong blindness along with psychological and financial burden for the caretaker and children themselves.

scholarly journals INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1936
Author(s):  
Imran Samejo ◽  
Gotam Das ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb Rana ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and infection control practices among private dental laboratories in Karachi. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private Dental Laboratories of Karachi. Period: 01st September 2017 to 01st February 2018. Materials and Methods: A pre structured questionnaire comprised of 09 questions regarding infection control was used to collect the data. A total 35 questionnaires were given to dental technicians. 29 questionnaires were obtained out of 35 distributed (response rate: 83%). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Gloves were not worn by 76% of respondents while receiving the clinical items. Protective eyeglasses and protective face shield were not worn by 38% and 13% of respondents respectively during laboratory work. Few 13% of respondents were vaccinated against the hepatitis b virus. Clinical items were disinfected by 17% of respondents if not disinfected by dental clinic. Laboratory work was not disinfected by 90% of respondents before sending to clinic. Pumice slurry and water of pressure pot were changed by 6% and 6% respectively. Regarding infection control measure impose financial burden, 83% of respondents were agreed. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of infection control were poor and below acceptable standards in private dental laboratories.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS “C”

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Hingoro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine incidence of steatosis in non-responder casesof chronic HCV. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Sanatorium inMedicine Department of LIAQUAT University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Period: 26-9-2011to 25 August 2012. Material & Methods: Total 144 non-responders cases of Hepatitis C wereintegrated. Both gender, age 18 to 50 yrs, chronic HCV non-responder cases as well as cases fitfor hepatic biopsy were integrated in study. Grading of Inflammation was carried out as indicatedby histopathological measures. Results: Mean age was 48.5 + 5.2years. Uppermost prevalenceof chronic HCV disease was 65(45.13%) at 41 to 50 years age interval whereas 42(29.1%) caseswere noticed in 31 to 40 yrs age group and 25(17.3%) cases were observed in 20 to 30 yearsof young age group. In this study hepatic steatosis occurrence was observed in 103 (71.5%)cases and these were categories as: grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, as (<33%) 45/103(43.68%), (33to 66%) 35/103(33.98%), (>66%) 23/103(22.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosisis a important risk factor the cases of HCV to decreased response to antiviral therapy and forprogression toward fibrosis as observed in cases related to metabolic steatosis.

scholarly journals TO DETERMINE THE ADVANTAGE OF SNODGRASS REPAIR OF CONGENITAL HYPOSPADIAS AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF PENILE SHAFT.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Shafaatullah . ◽  
Sadaf Iqbal ◽  
Bilal Suria
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Penile Shaft ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Cosmetic ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Study Setting

Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital defect with various presentations. It is diagnosed clinically. Hormonal therapy can be used but is not curative. The Snodgrass intervention is the better one to get result oriented outcomes. Objectives: To find out the advantages of Snodgrass repair in distal as well as proximal types of hypospadias. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Baqai university hospital Karachi. Period: January 2015 to December 2017. Material and Method: Total 40 male patients were included in this study. They were admitted through OPD. Age of patients was from 4 years to 22 years. Patients were prepared and Snodgrass repair was done to all patients. Results: In our study, of 40, 19 (47.5%) patients presented between age 04 to 10 years. Most common Subcoronal type was found in 16 (40%). Catheter blockage was in 4 (10%) patients that was a common complication in our study. Conclusion: To sum up, Snodgrass method is the good one with good cosmetic results and least complication rate. 

scholarly journals PREGNANCY

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
Shazia Shukar-ud- Din ◽  
Sadaf Ahmed Asim
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine frequency and pattern of skin changes duringpregnancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Outpatient department ofDermatology and Gynaecology at Dow University Hospital, Ojha campus in Karachi. Period:May 10, 2013 and January 10, 2014. (8 months). Patients & Methods: It comprises 80consecutive pregnant women with skin problem, who presented in outpatient department ofDermatology with referral cases from Obs&Gynae outpatient department.Information wascollected on predesigned questionnaire after taking informed consent. Results: Total 80pregnant women were included in study with different skin problems. The results indicatethatmost of women 72.5% presented during third trimester and 43.8% women were primigravida.Striagravidarum and lneanigra was commonest physiological changes, reported in 54%, 52%women consecutively. Eczema,utricaria and candidiasis were reported in 16.3% and 15% and15% women consecutively. Prurigo of pregnancy was reported in 17.5% followed by pruriticfolliculitis of pregnancy in 6.3% women. Conclusions: This study concluded that skin changesduring pregnancy are frequent in Pakistani women. These changes could be physiological orpathological.

scholarly journals METHOTREXATE;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 607-611
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Qureshi ◽  
Zaheer Hussain Memon ◽  
Ishrat Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Psoriasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Pasi Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of methotrexate as a treatment option forplaque psoriasis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Dermatology Department, ofLiaquat University hospital Hyderabad. Period: 6 month duration from January 2016 to June2016. Material & Methods: All the cases more than 20 years of the age having severe-tomoderatechronic plaque psoriasis were selected in the study. All the patients were underwentcomplete medical history and clinical examination. All the patients with history of severecomorbidities were not included. All the patients were underwent oral methotrexate treatment.All the information as: disease duration, involved site and plaque size was recorded. Efficacywas assessed according to PASI score on starting and after 12 weeks. Results: Patients’ meanage was 40.73 years. Male were found in the majority 75.50%, while 24.50 % were female. Inthis study mean duration of disease was 7.38 + 3.46 months and mean duration of plaque sizewas 6.63+ 2.07. Commonest site involved in psoriasis was scalp+elbow seen in 27(55.1%).Psoriasis show significant good outcome after treatment of methotrexate, 9 patients did notcompeted their treatment in remaining 40 cases starting PASI score was 11.97+1.40 and after12 weeks treatment significantly decreased as 6.48+2.45 and mean of clearance time was8.10+2.02 weeks. Conclusion: Methotrexate showed significant satisfactory results in thetherapy required for plaque psoriasis as well as enhanced quality of life.

scholarly journals Dental Caries in Relation to Sugar Consumption among Children - A Study from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

BioMedica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Amna Urooj ◽  
Sehrish Masood
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Age Range

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases among children around the world. It has a complex aetiology and different factors like sugar intake, brushing habits, body mass index, and socio-economic status may play a significant role. Apart from dental pain, caries affects children&rsquo;s over all body functions, body growth, and pose a financial burden on families. The objective of the study was to determine the association between sugar intake and dental decay among local paediatric population.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan, Pakistan from July, 2019 to December, 2019. Data were collected on a specifically designed questionnaire. A total of 540 participants of age range between 5 and 12 years were selected for this study after taking consent from their parents. The data were analysed using statistical tests of significance.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>Female children were predominantly affected as compared to males (56.7% vs. 43.3%) caries was seen more frequently in children brushing teeth once than those doing it twice (p = 0.01). Children taking cariogenic food between meals and 2 hours before sleep showed a significant association with caries development (p = 0.02; p = 0.01). Primary teeth were affected more (74.18%) than the secondary teeth (11.92%).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Irregular brushing habits and frequency and timing of cariogenic food intake are the leading causes of caries in children from local population.</p>

scholarly journals Morbidities associated with increased BMI in pregnant women.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1345-1347
Author(s):  
Sarwat Memon
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Study Setting

Obesity is the major threat to social and medical wellbeing in Pakistan and worldwide. Increased BMI poses certain risks to mother as well as fetus. The objective of this study is to assess the maternal and fetal morbidities in women presenting with increased BMI during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Isra University Hospital. Period: 1st June 2017 till Nov 2017. Materials and Methods: 100 Patients with singleton pregnancy were included in this study. Results:                                                                     . Conclusion: It was concluded that there are complex and noteworthy socio- statistic imbalances related to different age groups, parity status and BMI. It was also concluded that increased no of patients are at high risks of maternal and fetal complication rates and require proper access to antenatal care. Facilities and interventions should be provided to improve both maternal and fetal health care and reduce the risks of adverse effects of increased BMI.

scholarly journals SEIZURES

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Tariq Zaffar Shaikh ◽  
Akbar Yousfani ◽  
Iqbal Ahmed Memon ◽  
Hamid Nawaz Ali Memon ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To evaluate the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG) and computedtomography (CT) scan study of seizures. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period:Six months study. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods:All patients of more than 18 years of age, either gender had seizures for the first time wererecruited and included in the study. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency andpercentage was calculated. Results: During six months study period total 50 patients wereevaluated for seizures, of which 35 (70%) male and 15(30%) were females, majority of thepatients 30(60%) were belonged to urban population while the means age ±SD for overallpopulation was 38.97±7.87 whereas it was 37.76±5.65 and 40.23±6.83 in male and femalepopulation respectively. Twenty subjects (40%) had partial seizures while 30 (60%) had generalseizures while the EEG and CT scan abnormalities was observed in 35 (70%) and 32 (64%)patients respectively. Regarding etiology the 20(40%) subjects were idiopathic, tuberculoma wasobserved in 9(18%) patients and cerebral infarct / hemorrhage in 8(16%) subjects respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that abnormal EEG supportive to confirm the diagnosis of seizures.CT scan was abnormal in 64% of patients revealing structural abnormalities. Majority of caseswere idiopathic although tuberculosis, cerebral infarct / hemorrhage and brain tumors werepredominant etiological factors.

scholarly journals DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Jahangir Liaquat ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Bawany ◽  
Noman Shaikh ◽  
Adnan Ali Khahro ◽  
Falak Naz
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients with diabeticnephropathy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Emergency department anddepartment of medicine Liaquat university Hospital Hyd/ Jamshoro. Study Period: One yearfrom 01-03-2009 to 28-02-2010. Methodology: Two hundred cases of diabetic nephropathy onthe basis of symptoms and signs of hypoglycemia were selected in this study. Results: Out of200 patients, 102(51%) were males and 98(49%) were females, 10.5% had type-1 diabetes and89.5% had type-2 diabetes. Most of the patients belonged to 60 to 75 years of age. The averageduration of diabetes was 12.20 ± 6.14 years. Out of 23 hypoglycemic patients, 5 (21.7%)had type-1 diabetes in which 4 were male and one was female while 18 (78.3%) had type-2diabetes in which 10 were male and 8 were female patients. Conclusion: It was observed thathypoglycemia

scholarly journals Frequency of hyponatremia in community acquired pneumonia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1546-1549
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Farrukh Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Asif Siddiqui ◽  
Fazal Ur Rehman ◽  
Farhan Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is frequent amongst pediatric population all over the world while hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients that has been shown to be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatrics Department, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 100 cases up to 2 years of age of either gender, diagnosed cases of CAP during the last 72 hours, were enrolled. Demographic profile, age and gender were recorded. Every child with CAP was evaluated for the presence of hyponatremia. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for age. Frequency and percentages were noted for categorical variable like gender and presence/absence of hyponatremia. Results: Out of 100 cases of CAP, 57 (57.0%) were male and 43(43.0%) female. There were 45 (45.0%) cases who were less than 1 year of age while 55 (55.0%) were between 1-2 years of age. Mean age was calculated as 1.55 years with standard deviation of 0.52 years. Frequency of hyponatremia in children with CAP was recorded in 24 (24.0%) whereas 76 (76.0%) had no findings of the morbidity. Conclusion: Frequency of hyponatremia was high (24.0%) among children with CAP. Every patient who present with CAP should be evaluated for hyponatremia.

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