ANEMIC PATIENTS

Pregnant women are particularly considered to be the most vulnerable groupbecause of the additional demands that are made on maternal stores during pregnancy. Theiron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency problems in females and isresponsible of high maternal death rate in our society. Objectives: To determine the relationshipof frequency and severity of iron deficiency anemia to preterm labor and eventual perinatalout come in anemic patients. Study Design: It was a case control study. Study Setting: InObstetrics and Gynecology Unit-III, Sir Ganga Ram hospital, Lahore from July 2012 to June2013. Methodology: The study was conducted on 200 patients (100 cases and 100 controls)were studied. Cases were patients admitted in labor room with preterm labor and Controlswere females in labor at term at. Convenience sampling was done. On admission relevanthistory taking examination and investigation were done. The data was collected on a Performa.Results: There were 50 patients with anemia amongst the patients with preterm labor. In thecontrol group, 40 patients were suffering from anemia. In the patients with preterm labor themean hemoglobin was 9.83 grams/deciliter. In the control group the mean hemoglobin was10.3gm/dl. (Pregnant women having hemoglobin <10gm/dl are considered to be anemic). Theodds ratio was calculated to be 3.4 and P value was <0.05. Conclusions: Iron deficiencyanemia was associated with increased risk for low birth weight, preterm delivery, and perinatalmortality. The frequency of iron-deficiency anemia was seen in both groups of pregnant women.

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Iron Deficiency Anemia, Cystitis, and Bacterial Vaginosis Increase the Risk for Developing Preterm Labor

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v5i2.522 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Janet Sumampouw ◽

I Ketut Suwiyoga ◽

Ketut S. Negara

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Total Sample ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Objective: To prove the association of iron deficiency anemia, cystitis, and bacterial vaginosis as risk factors for preterm labor.Methods: This study was an observational case-control study conducted at the Polyclinic and IRD of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sanglah Denpasar General Hospital Center between September and December 2015. The sample selection was done by consecutive sampling with total sample as many as 35 case samples (women with preterm pregnancy) and 35 control samples (women with aterm pregnancy).Results: Pregnant mothers with iron deficiency anemia had 4 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.15 to 14.16, p = 0.023) compared to those without iron deficiency anemia. Pregnant mothers with cystitis had 4 fold increased risk of preterm labor (OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.25 to 12.80, p = 0.016) compared to those without cystitis. Pregnant mothers with bacterial vaginosis had 3 fold increased risk of preterm frequency (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.22 to 8.63, p = 0.017) compared to those without bacterial vaginosis.Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia, cystitis, and bacterial vaginosis increase the risk for developing preterm labor.[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-2: 73-76]Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, cystitis, iron deficiency anemia, preterm labor

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The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/7613868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilknur Col Madendag ◽

Mefkure Eraslan Sahin ◽

Yusuf Madendag ◽

Erdem Sahin ◽

Mustafa Bertan Demir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

Moderate Anemia ◽

Anemia Group

Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.

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Analysis of the iron profile and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in the third-trimester pregnant women in the coendemic areas of Bengkulu City, Indonesia

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2019.1197 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽

Rizka Muliani ◽

Rico Januar Sitorus ◽

Nurlaili Nurlaili

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Total Sample ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Third

Pregnant women are at risk for iron deficiency anemia especially pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to analyze the profile of iron in the third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in co-endemic area of Bengkulu city. This study was cross-sectional study with a total sample of 66 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Examination profile of iron in pregnant women is done by taking blood specimen through the vena cubity. Profile iron includes examination sTfR levels, hepcidin, transferrin were examined by ELISA. Determination of iron deficiency anemia is based on the results of Hb, serum iron and TIBC. The results showed 39.4% of pregnant women experience iron deficiency anemia. There is an average difference between hepcidin levels with the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.031). Based on binary logistic regression analysis profile iron with irondeficiency anemia in pregnant women, hepcidin levels are predictors factors on the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.000, 95% CI .296-.709).

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Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on HbA1c in Non-Diabetics

Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jdean.v4i1.30056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

R.K. Bansal ◽

Y.R. Yadav ◽

H.S. Kulkarni ◽

Sonam ◽

S. Garg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Hba1c Level ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Hba1c Levels

Background: Glycated hemoglobin A1c is a well-known indicator of glycemic control in diabetes patients. It comprises of 5% of total hemoglobin in non-diabetic patients as well. Iron Deficiency Anemia is most common cause of anemia, especially in this part of the world. So, we study the effects of Iron deficiency Anemia on HbA1c levels in non-diabetic adults to determine whether the HbA1c levels increase if any. Methods: A 100 non-diabetic adult patients with Iron Deficiency anemia admitted in various medicine wards and attending OPDs of J.L.N. Medical College and 100 healthy controls were enrolled after fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history of clinical examination and biochemical examination was performed including HbA1c. Results: Mean HbA1c level is more in iron deficient Anemic non-diabetic patients in comparison to non-Anemic non-diabetic patients. Mean HbA1c is 5.01 ± 0.41 in control group. While mean HbA1c level in case group is 6.11 ± 0.42. The difference is statistically significant (p value <.001). Conclusion: Iron deficiency Anemia is independent factor affecting HbA1c level in non diabetic patients & it should be interpreted carefully in all iron deficient anemic patients.

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Evaluation of Iron Supplementation Effects on Plasma Lipid Levels in Pregnant Women

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v30i830217 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Safa F. Omer ◽

Suaad Elnour ◽

GadAllah Modawe

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

High Serum ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean

Backgrounds: Iron supplementation is most widely used approach of controlling the global problem of iron deficiency anemia especially in pregnant anemic women. Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiological changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), Epidemiological studies have shown high serum iron concentrations following abnormal levels of blood lipids are risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Sudanese pregnant women. Objectives: The aim of present study was to measure the serum level of lipids profile in anemic pregnant women compared to non anemic pregnant women. Methodology and Study Population: The analytical case control study conducted in obstetrics and gynecology centre, Omdurman city, Khartoum state. One hundred subjects known with 50 pregnant anemic as case groups and 50 non anemic pregnant women as control groups were enrolled in this study, with match age and sex, the age ranged between (20 to 40 years) and their mean (31.7±4.34). The serum lipid profile was analyzed using spectrophotometric method. Results: The (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in anemic pregnant women respectively were (68.15±9.35, 46.06±9.62, 114.14±36.86, 170.38±54.57. 197.16±46.83). While the (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in non anemic pregnant women respectively were (79.76±7.22, 47.44±9.65, 140.00±40.76, 189.72±37.89, 224.38±45.09). The concentration of Hb was highly significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p=0.000). The level serum of LDL, TG and TC were significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p= 0.001, 0.042, 0.004) respectively. The age of study population were no correlation with serum LDL(r= -0.155, p= 0.283), HDL(r= -0.019, p=0.898) and TC (r=0.68, p=0.640). And also their positive correlation between age and serum TG (r= 0.286, P=0.044). Conclusion: The anemic pregnant women had a significantly decreased of Hb and serum LDL, TG and TC and also their positive correlation between age and serum TG.

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Impact of Anemia in Pregnant Women on the Neonatal Conditions

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 1185-1188

Author(s):

Raisa Aringazina ◽

Gulnara Kurmanalina ◽

Yerlan Bazargaliyev ◽

Victoria Kononets ◽

Bakhtiyar Kurmanalin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

The World ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy ◽

Group 2 ◽

Anemia Group

Background. One of the most prevalent illnesses in the world is anemia. Anemia in pregnant women has been a pressing obstetric issue for many years and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy in the world, particularly in developing countries. Aim. To study the condition of neonates born to women with anemia during pregnancy. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 230 patients' medical records in maternity and pregnancy pathology departments. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia, Group 2 comprised patients without iron deficiency anemia. Results. The height-to-weight ratio in the group of neonates born to mothers with anemia statistically was significantly lower compared to the control group. The proportion of neonates with hypotrophy in the group born to mothers with anemia statistically was significantly higher. Body length and birth condition indices assessed according to the APGAR scale were virtually identical across the groups. Conclusions. Anemia during pregnancy affects the trophism of a fetus, which is largely reflected in the health of neonates. Treating maternal anemia is important to prevent or decrease the incidence of underweight in infants at birth.

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The relationship of pregnant women knowledge About iron deficiency Anemia and the role of family In Compliance in consuming Fe tablets in health center

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2018.6(1).49-58 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Hary Yadi ◽

Asmarita Jasda

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Center ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

The Body ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

P Value ◽

Family Role ◽

Cross Sectional

<p>Pregnancy leads to increased energy metabolism, hence the need for energy and other nutrients increases during pregnancy. Increased energy and nutrients are needed for growth and development of the fetus, the increase in the amount of the uterus, changes in the composition and metabolism of the mother's body. If levels of iron in the body of pregnant women is less, then there will be a condition called anemia. That's because iron is an essential microelement for the body. This substance is especially needed in hemopoiesis (blood formation), ie in the synthesis of hemoglobin. The purpose of this study was to determine Knowledge of Pregnant Women About Iron Deficiency Anemia and Family Role With Compliance In Consuming Iron Tablet in health center . This study was a quantitative research, analytical, with cross sectional study subjects all mothers who have antenatal and get a tablet Fe in Tanjungpinang health center based on data consist of 40 respondents. The result of this study was significat relationship between knowledge of pregnant women to iron deficiency anemia with Compliance Consuming Tablet iron show the value of p 0814, the p-value is greater than the p value 0:05 was shows that no have correlation between knowledge of pregnant women about iron deficiency anemia with Compliance Consuming Iron Tablets. Family Role in monitoring drinking iron tablet with Compliance Consuming Iron Tablets shows the value of p 0.00 is smaller than the value of α 0.05. This shows that there is a relationship between family role in monitoring drinking iron tablet with compliance consuming iron tablet. This study indicated to increase Knowledge Level Of a Person On Iron Deficiency Anemia Not Consume The Influence Behavior Of Iron Tablet But Can Improve The Role Of Family In Compliance With Pregnant Women Eat Iron Tablet.</p>

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The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 314

Author(s):

Mallikarjun Kalmani ◽

. Basavaraj ◽

Hareesh Sanikam ◽

Pushpalatha K. ◽

Uday Kumar S.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cns Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male Predominance

Background: Febrile seizures are seizures that occur in children between 6 months and 60 months of age , with body temperature of 38ºC or higher not resulting from Central Nervous System (CNS) infection or any metabolic imbalance without any prior afebrile seizures. Among many risk factors identified for febrile seizures, iron deficiency is hypothesized to be one of the risk factor for occurrence of febrile seizures.Methods: A total of 100 children aged between 6 months to 5 years were included in the present study and were further divided into 2 groups of 50 each, as cases and controls. Control group consisted of age and gender matched children admitted with acute febrile illness without seizures. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done in both cases and controls with particular attention to development delay and family history of seizure. Complete haemogram, iron profile and other appropriate investigations were done in both the groups and results were compared.Results: The mean age of onset of febrile seizures was 32 months. There was slightly male predominance, with male: female ratio of 1.27:1. Majority of children with febrile seizures were found to have iron deficiency anemia as opposed to children in control group which was statistically significant. (76% vs 28%), p-value<0.001. All the indices of iron deficiency anemia, like haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, serum iron, serum ferritin were low in febrile seizures group compared to control group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was more frequent among children with febrile seizures. The result suggests that IDA may be a risk factor for febrile seizures. Early detection and timely correction of iron deficiency may be of help for prevention of recurrence of febrile seizures in children of this age group.

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Efficacy of Qurs Kushtae Faulad and Jawarishe Amla in Iron Deficiency Anemia among Women of Reproductive age

Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine ◽

10.31254/jahm.2018.4306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 123-131

Author(s):

CS Nagesh ◽

◽

Wajeeha Begum ◽

Kouser Fathima Firdose ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Health Concern ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Controlled Study ◽

P Value ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Back ground and objective: Anemia is the most widespread nutrient deficiency in the world, most often associated with iron deficiency. The functional consequences of anemia include an increased risk of maternal and perinatal mortality; poor pregnancy outcomes viz. low birth weight and preterm birth. Anemia is a major public health concern globally, especially among women and children. Anemia affects 24.8% of the population, the highest prevalence is among preschool-aged children (47.4%), followed by pregnant women (41.8%) and women of reproductive age. Methods: This randomized, single blind, standard controlled study compared efficacy of qurs kushtae Faulad and jawarishe Amla against cap Fefol on diagnosed subjects of iron deficiency anemia. Test group (n=20) received jawarishe Amla 7g with water and qurs kushtae Faulad (Hamdard) 2 twice a day for 2 months after meals. Whereas control group received cap Fefol 1 bid after meals for 2 months. The primary outcome measure was improvement in Hb% and PCV. Results: Iron deficiency anemia is significantly improved (P <0.001**) after intervention in two groups. There is significant improvement in Hb% with the mean±SD before treatment is 9.68±1.16 and after treatment 11.24±1.51 with p value is <0.001**. The mean±SD of PCV before treatment is 30.36±2.75 and after treatment is 33.92±4.76 with p value of 0.002**, which is more significant clinically and statistically. Interpretation & Conclusion: Test drug provide statistically significant improvement in iron deficiency anemia. It can serve an alternative treatment for Iron deficiency anemia. Further research is certified on large sample size.

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Recent Versus Conventional Iron Status Parameters for Diagnosis of Anemia in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.3360.3360 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 3360-3360

Author(s):

Hoda MA Hassab ◽

Wafaa A El-Neanaey ◽

Ghada M F El-Deriny ◽

Eman El-Mahy

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Status ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Different Types ◽

Serum Hepcidin ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objective: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is commonly associated with different types of anemia. The diagnosis and treatment of IDA is a medical necessity; being a well-recognized cause of both short and long term morbidity plus being strongly related to poor disease outcome. In the presence of concomitant chronic illness or inflammation, the diagnosis of iron deficiency using the conventional laboratory parameters is a major medical challenge. Therefore, the utility of two recent iron status parameters; hepcidin-25 "active form of iron metabolism negative regulator" and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) "functional anemia indicator" was compared to that of two conventional ones; transferrin saturation (TSAT) and red cell distribution width percentages (RDW%) in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia in patients with JIA. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 43 JIA patients whose ages ranged from 3 to 16 years and 20 age and sex matched healthy children as control group. Three different types of anemia; iron deficiency anemia (IDA), anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and combined anemia (IDA/ACD) were identified within the studied patients using iron profile, ESR and C-reactive protein. Serum hepcidin-25 was assessed by ELISA technique; CHr, TSAT% and RDW% were all estimated using Siemens ADVIA 2120 analyzer in patients and the control group. Results: Anemia was identified in 22 (51.2%) patients. Serum hepcidin-25 and TSAT% were significantly lower in IDA than ACD & IDA/ACD patients (p= 0.032 and p=0.034 for hepcidin and p= 0.004 and p=0.012 for TSAT%). Significantly lower CHr and higher RDW% were found in IDA/ACD compared to ACD patients (p= 0.032 and p< 0.001, respectively). Serum hepcidin ≤ 3.8ng/mL and TSAT% ≤ 5.8% differentiated IDA from both ACD and IDA/ACD with 80 and 100% sensitivity and 88.24% specificity. CHr ≤24.4pg and RDW % > 16.4% showed 80 and 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity; distinguishing IDA/ACD from ACD. Conclusion: Serum hepcidin and CHr were not superior to TSAT% and RDW%; discriminating among different types of anemia in JIA patients. Table 1. Comparison between anemia subgroups according to CHr and serum hepcidin IDA(n=5) ACD(n=6) Combined anemia(n=7) Control(n=20) p CHr (pg) 23.61 ± 3.80a 27.36 ± 2.30b 23.37 ± 3.18a 30.54 ± 1.99 <0.001* Serum hepcidin (ng/ml) 3.60 (3.0-4.9)bc 5.10 (3.10 - 90.0) 7.15 (3.1-60.0) 5.0 (0.10-10.8) 0.121 Data was expressed as Mean ± SD. for normally distributed data and Median (Min. - Max.) for abnormaly distrbutied data a: Significant with control gorup b: Significant with combined anemia group c: Significant with ACD group Table 2. Comparison among anemia subgroups and control group according to RDW & TSAT% IDA(n=5) ACD(n=7) Combined anemia(n=10) Control(n=20) Test of sig. p RDW% Min. - Max. 17.30 - 19.90 13.10 - 16.40 15.60 - 22.0 12.40 - 15.80 F=45.032* <0.001* Mean ± SD. 18.42 ± 1.04 14.49 ± 1.30 18.46 ± 1.92 13.47 ± 0.86 Median 2.62 13.90 18.20 13.10 Sch p* p1<0.001* ,p2=0.362,p3<0.001* ,p4=1.000,p5<0.001* ,p6<0.001* TSAT % Min. - Max. 4.20 - 5.80 6.0 - 20.50 4.40 - 26.0 11.0 - 40.0 KW χ2 =* <0.001* Mean ± SD. 4.78 ± 0.64 10.73 ±4.82 13.82 ± 8.63 22.71 ± 8.32 Median 4.50 10.0 12.80 20.70 MW p1 0.001* 0.001* 0.016* MW p2 0.012* 0.660 MW p3 0.004* KW c2 : Chi square for Kruskal Wallis test F: F test (ANOVA) p1: p value for comparing between control and IDA p2: p value for comparing between control and ACD p3: p value for comparing between control and combined anemia p4: p value for comparing between combined anemia and IDA p5: p value for comparing between combined anemia and ACD p6: p value for comparing between ACD group and IDA group MW: Mann Whitney test Sch: Post Hoc Test (Scheffe) *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 Table 3. Agreement (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) for serum hepcidin and TSAT% with IDA vs. ACD and combined anemia in JIA patients ACD and combined anemia IDA Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Accuracy Serum hepcidin (ng/ml) >3.8 15 1 80.0 88.24 66.67 93.75 86.36 <3.8 2 4 TSAT% >5.8 15 0 100.0 88.24 71.43 100.0 90.91 ≤5.8 2 5 Table 4. Agreement (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) for CHr and RDW% with ACD vs. combined anemia in JIA patients ACD Combined anemia Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Accuracy CHr >24.4 7 2 80 100.0 100.0 77.78 88.24 ≤24.4 0 8 RDW % ≤16.4 7 1 90.0 100.0 100.0 87.50 94.12 >16.4 0 9 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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