scholarly journals Regional Variation in Changes in Agricultural Production in Poland in the Context of Environmental Impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kopiński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Differentiation Scale

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: Agricultural production activity brings about specific environmental effects. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in agricultural production in regions of Poland (NUTS-2) in the context of environmental impact using the gross nitrogen balance. Materials and methods: The analysis covered the medium-term perspective of 2001-2016. The primary source of information was statistical data of the Polish Central Statistical Office (Główny Urząd Statystyczny - GUS). Results: During the 2002-2004 period, the balance of gross nitrogen balance in Poland did not change and amounted to an average of 47.5 kg N∙ha-1 UAA (Utilized Agricultural Area). The progressive extensification of plant production in the following provinces: Slaskie, Malopolskie, Podkarpackie and Swietokrzyskie, is accompanied by a rapid reduction in the stocking density of livestock. Conclusions: The nitrogen balance, highly differentiated regionally, just as its individual elements, show the potential differentiation scale of the agricultural impact on the state of the environment. Very high balance surpluses occurring in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lodzkie and Wielkopolskie provinces may indicate high environmental pressure from the agricultural production.

TENDENCIES OF CHANGING INTENSITY OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN THE POLISH REGIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kopiński
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

The study identifies trends in changes of the intensity of agricultural production in terms of nitrogen management. A comparative analysis of the character and kinds of nitrogen management at the voivodship level concerned the period 2002-2015. The analysis included a comparison of balances and use efficiency of gross nitrogen, as well as the pace and direction of the trend of inputs and outputs in the cycle of agricultural production. The structural and quantitative analysis of both sides of the gross nitrogen balance provides a lot of information about the conditions of agricultural production in the aspect of nitrogen management. While the intensification of plant production is moderate (type A =) in the scale of the country, there are significant differences among individual regions of Poland. In terms of agro-environmental assessment and nitrogen management types, the Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships stood out positively.

CONCENTRATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Period

The main purpose of the article was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production in the world and the changes occurring in this aspect. The article presents the concentration level of agricultural production in the world by continent. The source of materials was data from FAOSTAT. The research period covered the years 2004 - 2016. In the analyzed period, the value of gross agricultural production doubled. Various trends were observed within the period studied. In the years 2004-2010, in all regions of the world, there was an increase in gross production of agriculture, while in the period 2010-2016 only in two – North America and Asia. It was noted that there was a high concentration of agricultural production, mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the analyzed period, there was a relative increase in the share of agricultural production in Asia and South America as compared to other regions. Individual groups of agricultural products, such as cereals and animal production, were also analyzed. In both cases, concentration was different. The pace of concentration in animal production was higher than in plant production.

scholarly journals Resource Utilization Efficiencies in a Closed System with Artificial Lighting during Continuous Lettuce Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Ohyama ◽  
Junichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Ayumi Enjoji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Consumption Rates

New plant production systems with a low environmental impact (or a high resource utilization efficiency) are necessary for urban agriculture development. This study explores the benefits of closed plant production systems (CPPSs) with artificial lighting using a commercial CPPS at Osaka Prefecture University. Lettuce plants were produced continuously as a model for analyzing resource consumption rates, such as electricity, labor, water, and CO2, over two years. Monthly consumption rates of electricity, labor, water, and CO2 increased with the increase in the monthly production rate of the lettuce. The utilization efficiencies (=output/input) of electricity, energy, water, and CO2 were 1.0%, 1.0%, 4.0%, and 32.6%, respectively. If the commercial CPPS maintains the monthly production rate at a higher level, the energy utilization efficiency will increase. The number of air exchanges in a commercial CPPS should decrease to increase water and CO2 utilization efficiencies. Reusing water drained from the air conditioning system and employing a closed loop in the nutrient supply system also contribute to increasing the water utilization efficiency and lowering the environmental impact. Although a commercial CPPS still requires further improvements, it may be a good crop production system for urban agriculture provided resource utilization efficiencies improve.

scholarly journals Impact of Integrated and Conventional Plant Production on Selected Soil Parameters in Carrot Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szeląg-Sikora ◽  
Jakub Sikora ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Joanna Kapusta-Duch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Means Of Production

Currently, the level of efficiency of an effective agricultural production process is determined by how it reduces natural environmental hazards caused by various types of technologies and means of agricultural production. Compared to conventional production, the aim of integrated agricultural cultivation on commercial farms is to maximize yields while minimizing costs resulting from the limited use of chemical and mineral means of production. As a result, the factor determining the level of obtained yield is the soil’s richness in nutrients. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of soil richness, depending on the production system appropriate for a given farm. The analysis was conducted for two comparative groups of farms with an integrated and conventional production system. The farms included in the research belonged to two groups of agricultural producers and specialized in carrot production.

Assumed Non-Point Water Pollution Based on the Nitrogen Budget in Polish Agriculture

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sapek ◽  
B. Sapek
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Communist System

The nitrogen balance made on a national, regional and/or farm basis provides valuable information about the surplus of nitrogen in agricultural production. This surplus of nitrogen is dispersed into the environment, causing water pollution with nitrate and other compounds of nitrogen, air pollution with ammonia and nitrous oxide. The nitrogen balance in Polish agriculture has undergone vast changes during the last few years, according to economic and social transformations after the collapse of the communist system. The surplus of nitrogen decreased from about 90 kg N/ha in 1989 to about 60 kg N/ha in 1991. More than 30% of nitrogen surplus is volatilized into the atmosphere in the form of ammonia, while similar amounts find their way into the water, particularly groundwater. The amounts of nitrogen losses due to denitrification are difficult to estimate.

BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT: DANISH EIA IN UNCHARTED WATERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER CHRISTENSEN ◽  
LONE KØRNØV ◽  
ESKILD HOLM NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Looking Back

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has now passed its first 25 years and looking back it becomes clear that it has changed its direction. In this article we will look closer at how different pressures have pushed it in the direction of decentralisation and deliberative democracy, while other forces have pushed it in the direction of more centralised, top-down government. Different developments during this period can thus be perceived as in accordance with a system of governance based upon framework legislation and characterised by flexibility, coordination and participation. Reflecting on some of the manifest developments encountered in Danish EIA legislation, this article shows that the development of governance structures is followed by developments in the direction of more government. By studying EIA screenings of livestock projects, which is the dominating Danish EIA practice, it becomes obvious that governance as well as government has changed its role often at one and the same time. Although there was scepticism about the efficacy of the EIA instrument at the beginning, this changed from the mid-1990s primarily because it was realised, that EIA screening could address the overwhelming problem of agricultural production, but also that it opened the door for more public participation and broader assessment of projects than found previously under environmental regulation. This can be interpreted as an example of a shift away from government to governance, but the story turns out to be more complex than that as the opposite trend is also encountered. In our empirical work on EIA screening in Denmark, we find that two major changes have taken place. These changes all relate to the problem of livestock production. In all cases, we find that the way EIA is used in Denmark is innovative, but also that pressure from the newly introduced Natura 2000 as well as the Water Framework Directive increases the pressure to return to more traditional top-down measures. Using these examples, this paper offers important insights into the dynamic between governance and government.

scholarly journals AGRO-ECOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MELIORATIVE ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE THE STATE OF SOILS OF KALINOVSKY DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
Yuri Shcatula
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
State Of The Environment

Agricultural production is one of the factors for the deterioration of the agro-ecological state of the environment and the anthropogenic-man-made changes in all its components. After analyzing the results of the research, it can be argued that the soils of the Kalinovsky region are characterized as medium-provided with humus, an indicator in the range of 2.21-4.01%. The content in the topsoil of mobile phosphorus is 10.0 mg/100 g of soil, mobile potassium 8.3 mg./100 g of soil related to the well-being, salt pH is 5.9. To carry out reclamation measures and reduce the areas of soil acidity to neutral and close to them values, it is necessary to have highly acidic soils with pH of salt. 4.5 and Нr 5.4 mg.eq/100 g produce lime with a rate of 5.4 t/ha; average oxygen with pH of sol. 4.8 and Нr 4.7 mg.eq/100 g to lime with the norm of lime 4.7 t/ha and slightly acid with pH of salt 5.4 and Hr 3.1 mg. Eq/100 g – 3.1 t/ha.

scholarly journals Determinanty i perspektywy prowadzenia działalności rolniczej w małych gospodarstwach rolnych z pozarolniczą działalnością gospodarczą

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żmija
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to identify factors resulting from non-agricultural activities in small farms and to examine their impact on the agricultural production carried out in these farms. Understanding these processes will help the state develop a way to encourage these small farms to develop non-agricultural activities, which will provide them with an additional, and often primary, source of income. The results of the authors’ surveys conducted among farmers possessing small farms, conducting both agricultural and non-agricultural activities, are presented. The research results showed that in most cases, non-agricultural activities can allow farm resources to be used more efficiently. However, the nature of the impact of non-agricultural activities on agricultural activities depends on the type of activities, and on their level of connection with the agricultural holding.

scholarly journals Plant leaf Damage Detection using Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Advanced Technologies

A primary source of livelihood is agriculture. In developing country like India, wide-ranging employment opportunities are provided by Agriculture for the villagers. Various crops are included in the agricultural system of India and 70% of the population depends upon agriculture as reported by survey. Because of lagging in technical knowledge, manual cultivation is adopted by majority of the Indian farmers. The kind of crops that grows well on their land is unaware by the farmers. The agriculture production is affected by the heterogeneous diseases that affect the plant leaves and result in the productive loss. Moreover, the quality as well as quantity of the agricultural production is reduced by it. A key role is played by the leaves in the rapid growth of the plants and production of crops. The identification of diseases related to plant leaf is a difficult task for the farmers and for the researchers. At present, various pesticides were sprayed on the plants that directly or indirectly affect the human health and the economy. Various methods must be adopted for detecting these kinds of plant diseases. This paper presents a review of various plant diseases and several advanced technologies in detecting the diseases.

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