Principal’s Administrative Effectiveness with respect to their Institutional Academic Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Lal Arya ◽  
Rajkumari Singh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Government ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Administrative Effectiveness ◽  
Selection Of

This research paper is a description of the Principal’s Administrative Effectiveness and his Institutional Academic Performance in the important salient aspect of School Administration and Management. The study under this division: Urban Government, Rural Government, Urban Public and Rural Public. This division is done to keep proper representation of schools from all areas whether Government or Public schools, Urban or Rural areas. It has been decided to select the final sample consists of 27 principals and 154 teachers and 8803 students. The prepared lists are useful for other categories such as Government and Public schools, urban and rural schools. Under all these categories 14 Government and 13 Public schools, 15 Urban and 12 rural schools were selected from U.P. Board and C.B.S.E. The selection of the schools indicates the selection of principals and academic performance of that school. To get data on Principal’s Administrative Effectiveness, “Administrative Effectiveness Scale” was administered on teachers of that school. All students of X and IIX classes were selected from 27 secondary and senior secondary schools for getting scores on ‘Institutional Academic Performance’. The paper finally recommended that that schools those are located in urban areas show high academic performance and rural schools keep low academic performance. The academic standards of urban schools are high then that of rural schools. It is regarded by this finding that students those are studying in urban schools perform better academic level. The students of rural schools show low academic performances.

scholarly journals Indoor bacterial, fungal and viral species and functional genes in urban and rural schools in Shanxi Province, China–association with asthma, rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in high school students

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Fu ◽  
Zheyuan Ou ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Yi Meng ◽  
Yanling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Schools ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Indoor Microbiome ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background Studies in developed countries have reported that the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis is higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and this phenomenon is associated with urbanization and changing indoor microbiome exposure. Developing countries such as China have experienced rapid urbanization in past years, but no study has investigated microbiome exposure and urban-rural health effects in these countries. Methods Nine high schools from urban and rural areas were randomly selected in Shanxi Province, China, and classroom vacuum dust was collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A self-administered questionnaire was collected from 1332 students for personal information and health data. Three-level logistic regression was performed between microbial richness/abundance/functional pathways and the occurrence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms. Results Consistent with developed countries, the prevalence of wheeze and rhinitis was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (p < 0.05). Metagenomic profiling revealed 8302 bacterial, 395 archaeal, 744 fungal, 524 protist and 1103 viral species in classroom dust. Actinobacteria (mean relative abundance 49.7%), Gammaproteobacteria (18.4%) and Alphaproteobacteria (10.0%) were the most abundant bacterial classes. The overall microbiome composition was significantly different between urban and rural schools (p = 0.001, Adonis). Species from Betaproteobactera, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli were enriched in urban schools, and species from Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were enriched in rural schools. Potential pathogens were present in higher abundance in urban schools than in rural schools (p < 0.05). Pseudoalteromonas, Neospora caninum and Microbacterium foliorum were positively associated with the occurrence of wheeze, rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis, and Brachybacterium was protectively (negatively) associated with rhinitis (p < 0.01). The abundance of human endocrine and metabolic disease pathways was positively associated with rhinitis (p = 0.008), and butyrate and propionate metabolic genes and pathways were significantly enriched in rural schools (p < 0.005), in line with previous findings that these short-chain fatty acids protect against inflammatory diseases in the human gut. Conclusions We conducted the first indoor microbiome survey in urban/rural environments with shotgun metagenomics, and the results revealed high-resolution microbial taxonomic and functional profiling and potential health effects.

scholarly journals Student-centredness in urban schools in China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobing Tang ◽  
Bob Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Secondary Classrooms ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
English Curriculum ◽  
Trained Teachers

This study investigates how teachers understand and implement the emphasis on studentcentredness in the new English curriculum in secondary classrooms in urban areas of China and the factors affecting implementation. It focuses on whether the advantages (greater access to resources, better trained teachers, and so on) of the urban context make implementation easier than in rural areas. Data from lesson observations and reflective statements by teachers in urban schools show that their understanding of the notion of student-centredness is superficial and that the well-resourced urban schools find reform as challenging as rural schools.

scholarly journals Dietary Modifications during Pregnancy through Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. e43-e48
Author(s):  
Yamini Bhatt ◽  
Kalpana Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Diet Recall ◽  
Dietary Modifications ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the modifications in diet during pregnancy over three generations in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. For the selection of the sample, the respondents were categorized in 3 age groups: 20 to 34 years; 35 to 55 years; and ≥ 56 years. Structured diet recall interviews were scheduled for the collection of data. The subjects were asked about their dietary habits during pregnancy and food items that they included and excluded during that period. Most food items mentioned included were milk, fruits, and nutritional supplements. The exclusion of fruits like banana and papaya, of rice, and of leafy green vegetables (LGVs) was mainly observed. Among the age group of ≥ 56 years, the respondents with no changes in their diet during pregnancy were more from rural areas (92%) than from urban areas (62.26%), while in the age group of 20 to 34 years, 25% of the respondents with no change in their diet lived in rural areas, and 8.06% lived in urban areas. There has been an increase in the population with dietary modifications through generations; however, the overall changes are still not satisfying. The present study shows that there is a high need for nutritional education during pregnancy, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽  
Syed Aftab Rahim ◽  
Babar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

scholarly journals Foreign language education in rural schools: Struggles and initiatives among generalist teachers teaching English in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Jesús Izquierdo ◽  
Silvia Patricia Aquino Zúñiga ◽  
Verónica García Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Rural School System ◽  
Generalist Teachers

In many countries, English as a foreign/second language (L2) teaching has become compulsory in urban and rural public schools. In rural areas, the challenges for the implementation of this state-sanctioned policy have been explored among L2 teaching specialists. However, this mixed-methods study considered a different teacher group and examined the struggles and initiatives of generalist teachers who are obligated to teach English in rural schools. To this end, data were collected from 115 teachers in 17 rural secondary schools in the Southeast of Mexico. First, the participants completed a survey with closed-ended questions that elicited information about teacher education, teaching experience and knowledge of the rural school system. Then, a subsample of participants completed an individual thematized semi-structured interview. They were selected on the basis of L2 teacher education involvement. In the survey data, response patterns were identified using frequency analyses. The interview data were analyzed using categorical aggregation. The data revealed that the generalist teachers struggle with L2 professionalization, sociocultural and instructional challenges. Nonetheless, only few participants have been engaged in L2 teacher education which could help them overcome these challenges. Instead, they rely upon limited strategies to counteract the day-to-day challenges at the expense of effective L2 teaching practices.

scholarly journals Quality of Schooling in Rural Areas

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry G. West ◽  
Donald D. Osburn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Good Measure ◽  
Current Stress

The report of the President's Commission on Rural Poverty stressed the need for improvement in rural schools. Numerous studies have pointed to this need for improvement and have identified ways in which rural schools are inferior to urban schools. The current stress on rural development and improved infrastructure in rural areas further supports the importance of this topic. But what is a good measure of quality when schooling is being considered?

On the way from misery to happiness? A longitudinal perspective on economic migration and well-being

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-355
Author(s):  
Fabian Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Migration Type ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The assessment of returns from migration lies at the very heart of migration research. While a growing body of literature examines the links between migration and well-being, dynamic relationships require further elaboration. Using the longest running, nationally representative panel study with information on well-being, the German Socio-Economic Panel (1985–2016) this article addresses two essential, as yet unresolved, questions: How does the favourable self-selection of economic migrants affect their well-being before relocation?How does the well-being of economic migrants develop when individuals approach migration, and thereafter? Results show that—although favourably selected regarding determinants of well-being—economically motivated migrants are not happier before relocating than those who stay. Furthermore, economic migration has a causal impact on well-being, net of both observed and unobserved differences between migrants and stayers. This impact is transitory for women and long-lasting for men. For men, the results corroborate the view that migration enables access to opportunity structures favouring the pursuit of individual happiness. Results also differ by migration type: While long-distance movers and return migrants show a period of depressed happiness before a move, these findings do not hold for short-distance and onward migrants. Furthermore, moving towards urban areas results in stronger permanent effects than moving towards rural areas.

Factors influencing vegetable cooperatives’ selection of marketing channels in Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 1655-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchi Zhang ◽  
Jieqiong Wang ◽  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Junqi Ding ◽  
Zetian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The selection of marketing channels by vegetable producers directly affects the income of producers and is important for the maintenance of a stable supply of vegetables and food control. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to investigate the cooperative selection of vegetable marketing channels; to identify the factors that influence the selection of marketing channels by professional vegetable cooperatives by comparing emerging and traditional circulation modes; and to solve the problems related to vegetable circulation channels in Beijing. Design/methodology/approach A total of 187 valid questionnaires were collected from seven main vegetable production districts in Beijing urban areas from September to December 2017, with a response rate of 89 percent. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis in this study. Findings Results revealed that the cooperatives mainly selected large wholesalers, wholesale markets, supermarkets and electronic commerce as their marketing channels for their vegetables. Estimation results showed that among the 18 influencing factors in the four categories, the educational level of the person in charge and some other factors significantly influence the selection of these four distribution channels by the cooperatives. Research limitations/implications Due to the lack of time and energy, this paper does not analyze the factors influencing a cooperative’s choice of different e-commerce platforms. If this problem can be solved, it will definitely promote the development of e-commerce in rural areas. Originality/value The results obtained in the present study and their implications could help policy makers establish a science-based and reasonable policy to encourage vegetable producers to participate in the new circulation modes of vegetables in Beijing and ensure their income in the vegetable supply chain. This study suggests methods to improve the vegetable sector in other cities facing similar issues.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN OF NEPAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (106) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Ram Manohar Basnet ◽  
Laxman Manohar Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. There is growing interest in the association between physical activity (PA) and academic performance (AP) in children, especially in the developing world. However, no in-depth study of such kind has yet been undertaken in Nepal. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine if there is correlation between PA and AP in secondary schoolchildren in Nepal. Methods. A crosssectional study was carried in four schools of Nepal. Two schools (one private and one public) were randomly selected from two different districts. Physical activity and academic performance levels of students were obtained via questionnaires and Pearson’s correlation was done to determine any association. Results. Our study showed a significant correlation between physical activity and academic performance in the study population. The correlation was significant for male students, students from rural and urban areas and from public schools. However, there was no significant correlation in the female population and students of private schools. We also observed a significant difference in the physical activity performed by male versus female students (male > female), along with a significant difference in their academic performance (male > female). Further analysis of correlation on the basis of gender showed that physical activity of male students was significantly correlated with the academic performance irrespective of the location and type of school. However there was no such correlation in the female students. Conclusion. Our study found that male students who were physically active showed positive correlation between physical activity and academic performance while no such correlation was found in the female students.

scholarly journals Drinking water and rural schools in the Western Amazon: an environmental intervention study

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Regina Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu ◽  
Gabriel Zorello Laporta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite

Background Although water and sanitation are considered human rights, worldwide approximately three of 10 people (2.1 billion) do not have access to safe drinking water. In 2016, 5.6 million students were enrolled in the 34% of Brazilian schools located in rural areas, but only 72% had a public water supply network. The objective was to evaluate effectiveness of environmental intervention for water treatment in rural schools of the Western Amazonia, and determine the efficacy of water treatment using a simplified chlorinator on potability standards for turbidity, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli. Methods A simplified chlorinator was installed for treatment of potable water in 20 public schools in the rural area of Rio Branco municipality, Acre state, Brazil. Results Before the intervention, 20% (n = 4), 100% (n = 20) and 70% (n = 14) of schools had water that failed to meet potability standards for turbidity, fecal coliforms and E. coli, respectively. However, after intervention, 70% (p = 0.68), 75% (p < 0.001) and 100% (p < 0.001) of schools complied with potability standards. Discussion This intervention considerably improved schools’ water quality, thus decreasing children’s health vulnerability due to inadequate water. Ancillary activities including training, educational lectures, installation of equipment, supply of materials and supplies (65% calcium hypochlorite and reagents) were considered fundamental to achieving success full outcomes. Installation of a simplified chlorinator in rural schools of the Western Amazon is therefore proposed as a social technology aiming at social inclusion, as well as economic and environmental sustainability.

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