Mental health service use among migrant and Swedish-born children and youth: a register-based cohort study of 472,129 individuals in Stockholm

Purpose Migrant children underutilize mental health services (MHS), but differences according to age, reason for migration, type of problem, and time have not been thoroughly analyzed. We aimed to explore utilization of MHS among migrant children and youth and to study if the hypothesized lower utilization could be explained by fewer neurodevelopmental assessments. Methods A cohort of the population aged 0–24 years in Stockholm, comprising 472,129 individuals were followed for maximum 10 years, between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. We categorized individuals as accompanied refugee migrants, unaccompanied refugee migrants and non-refugee migrants, or Swedish-born. We used survival and logistic analyses to estimate rates of utilization of MHS. Results Migrant children and youth utilized less MHS than the majority population, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.62 (95% CI: 0.57; 0.67) to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69; 0.76). Refugee and non-refugee children utilized less mental health care than their Swedish peers, apart from the youngest refugees (0–10 years) who had similar utilization as Swedish-born. The lower rates were partly explained by all migrant youths’ lower risk of being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental condition. Time in Sweden had a major impact, such that unaccompanied refugee minors had a higher utilization in their first 2 years in Sweden (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.96; 3.85). Conclusion Migrant youth use less MHS compared with native-born peers, and this is partly explained by fewer neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Strengthening the awareness about unmet needs, and the referring capacity by professionals in contact with migrant children could help reduce barriers to care.

Collective Cell Migration in a Fibrous Environment: A Hybrid Multiscale Modelling Approach

The specific structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and in particular the density and orientation of collagen fibres, plays an important role in the evolution of solid cancers. While many experimental studies discussed the role of ECM in individual and collective cell migration, there are still unanswered questions about the impact of nonlocal cell sensing of other cells on the overall shape of tumour aggregation and its migration type. There are also unanswered questions about the migration and spread of tumour that arises at the boundary between different tissues with different collagen fibre orientations. To address these questions, in this study we develop a hybrid multi-scale model that considers the cells as individual entities and ECM as a continuous field. The numerical simulations obtained through this model match experimental observations, confirming that tumour aggregations are not moving if the ECM fibres are distributed randomly, and they only move when the ECM fibres are highly aligned. Moreover, the stationary tumour aggregations can have circular shapes or irregular shapes (with finger-like protrusions), while the moving tumour aggregations have elongate shapes (resembling to clusters, strands or files). We also show that the cell sensing radius impacts tumour shape only when there is a low ratio of fibre to non-fibre ECM components. Finally, we investigate the impact of different ECM fibre orientations corresponding to different tissues, on the overall tumour invasion of these neighbouring tissues.

Population, Migration and Climate Change

The objective of this research is to explain how climate change affects and is affected by population growth and migration. The global analysis will then be followed by a specific study in Indonesia on the relation between population migration and natural disaster events. The research method used a secondary data analysis based on literature review, the 2015 Inter-Census Population Survey (SUPAS) data and 2013 disaster data. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the sustainability of the planet's earth, there are three things that should be done, namely to reduce the pace of population growth, to change the pattern of consumption of natural resources, and to increase Earth's carrying capacity by using technologies and innovations. Migration is mostly caused by economic needs, while migration due to disaster events is very small. Migration data records permanent migration type, while the disaster-affected population usually migrates on the temporary bases. The BPS-Statistics Indonesia and the National Disaster Management Authority should have some agreement on defining disasters, including climate change induced-disasters, and on how to collect and store data on the number of people impacted by each of them.

Historical Changes in the Ecological Connectivity of the Seine River for Fish: A Focus on Physical and Chemical Barriers Since the Mid-19th Century

To understand the long-term fate of fish assemblages in the context of global change and to design efficient restoration measures in river management, it is essential to consider the historical component of these ecosystems. The human-impacted Seine River Basin is a relevant case that has experienced the extinction of diadromous fishes over the last two centuries and has recently witnessed the recolonization of some species. One key issue is to understand the historical evolution of habitat accessibility for these migratory species. Thanks to the unique availability of historical, mainly hand-written sources of multiple types (river engineering projects, navigation maps, paper-based databases on oxygen, etc.), we documented and integrated, in a geographic information system-based database, the changes to physical and chemical barriers in the Seine River from the sea to Paris for three time periods (1900s, 1970s, and 2010s). The potential impact of these changes on the runs of three migratory species that have different migratory behaviors—Atlantic salmon, allis shad, and sea lamprey—was evaluated by ecological connectivity modeling, using a least-cost approach that integrates distance, costs, and risks related to barriers. We found that accessibility was contrasted between species, emphasizing the crucial role of the migration type, period, and level of tolerance to low dissolved oxygen values. The highest disruption of ecological connectivity was visible in the 1970s, when the effects of large hypoxic areas were compounded by those of impassable navigation weirs (i.e., without fish passes). As the approach was able to reveal the relative contribution of physical and chemical barriers on overall functional connectivity, it may constitute a model work in assessing the functioning of large river ecosystems.

DOP17 Identification of biomarkers and mechanistic insight for upadacitinib in ulcerative colitis: Analysis of serum inflammatory mediators in the phase 2b U-ACHIEVE study

Background The U-ACHIEVE trial evaluated upadacitinib (UPA), an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Patient-reported and endoscopic outcomes improved after UPA treatment. This analysis used pharmacodynamic profiling to link changes in serum biomarkers to changes in UC disease activity, and to assess the UPA mechanism of action in UC. Methods U-ACHIEVE (NCT02819635) was a randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled phase 2b clinical trial. Adults with an inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologic therapies were randomised to receive 7.5, 15, 30, or 45 mg UPA once daily or PBO for 8 weeks (weeks). Serum samples (baseline [BL], weeks 2, 4, and 8) were analysed by OLINK® inflammation panel (92 proteins) and by Singulex immunoassay for interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Protein-level changes were analysed by a mixed-effect model; BL protein level was adjusted as a covariate; treatment group, time point, and their interaction were included as fixed effects. Spearman rank-correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between changes of serum biomarker levels and improvements in adapted Mayo scores and endoscopic subscores. Multiplicity adjusted P values were calculated using 1000 runs of random permutations. Results Paired BL and week 8 serum samples were available from 114 patients (PBO, n = 17; UPA 7.5 mg, n = 21; UPA 15 mg, n = 21; UPA 30 mg, n = 29; UPA 45 mg, n = 26). UPA treatment reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with immune cell migration, type I/II IFN responses, T-cell responses, macrophage and dendritic cell activity and increased expression of biomarkers associated with haematopoiesis, neuroprotection and mucosal repair in a dose-dependent manner. Improvements in adapted Mayo score, endoscopic subscore, and stool frequency correlated with increases in CX3CL1, DNER and FLt3L (p < 0.05 for all). Endoscopic improvements correlated with reductions in OSM, and improvements in fatigue correlated with increases in CCL25 and NT-3. There was a substantial overlap in biomarkers modulated by UPA in patients with UC and Crohn’s disease (Figure). Conclusion UPA modulated expression of serum pro-inflammatory mediators found in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of UC, including immune cell migration, type I/II IFN responses, T-cell responses, macrophage and dendritic cell activity, haematopoiesis, neuroprotection, and mucosal repair. Consistent correlations were observed between changes in biomarker expression and improvements in disease activity and symptoms of UC.

Monitoring for Coastal Resilience: Preliminary Data from Five Italian Sandy Beaches

Video-monitoring can be exploited as a valuable tool to acquire continuous, high-quality information on the evolution of beach morphology at a low cost and, on such basis, perform beach resilience analyses. This manuscript presents preliminary results of an ongoing, long-term monitoring programme of five sandy Italian beaches along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian sea. The project aims at analyzing nearshore morphologic variabilities on a time period of several years, to link them to resilience indicators. The observations indicate that most of the beach width variations can be linked to discrete variations of sandbar systems, and most of all to an offshore migration and decay of the outermost bars. Further, the largest net shoreline displacements across the observation period are experienced by beaches with a clear NOM (Net Offshore Migration)-type evolution of the seabed.

On the way from misery to happiness? A longitudinal perspective on economic migration and well-being

The assessment of returns from migration lies at the very heart of migration research. While a growing body of literature examines the links between migration and well-being, dynamic relationships require further elaboration. Using the longest running, nationally representative panel study with information on well-being, the German Socio-Economic Panel (1985–2016) this article addresses two essential, as yet unresolved, questions: How does the favourable self-selection of economic migrants affect their well-being before relocation?How does the well-being of economic migrants develop when individuals approach migration, and thereafter? Results show that—although favourably selected regarding determinants of well-being—economically motivated migrants are not happier before relocating than those who stay. Furthermore, economic migration has a causal impact on well-being, net of both observed and unobserved differences between migrants and stayers. This impact is transitory for women and long-lasting for men. For men, the results corroborate the view that migration enables access to opportunity structures favouring the pursuit of individual happiness. Results also differ by migration type: While long-distance movers and return migrants show a period of depressed happiness before a move, these findings do not hold for short-distance and onward migrants. Furthermore, moving towards urban areas results in stronger permanent effects than moving towards rural areas.

Formation of close-in super-Earths in evolving protoplanetary disks due to disk winds

Context. Planets with masses larger than about 0.1 M⊕ undergo rapid inward migration (type I migration) in a standard protoplanetary disk. Recent magnetohydrodynamical simulations revealed the presence of magnetically driven disk winds, which would alter the disk profile and the type I migration in the close-in region. Aims. We investigate orbital evolution of planetary embryos in disks that viscously evolve under the effects of disk winds. The aim is to discuss effects of altered disk profiles on type I migration. In addition, we aim to examine whether observed distributions of close-in super-Earths can be reproduced by simulations that include effects of disk winds. Methods. We perform N-body simulations of super-Earth formation from planetary embryos, in which a recent model for disk evolution is used. We explore a wide range of parameters and draw general trends. We also carry out N-body simulations of close-in super-Earth formation from embryos in such disks under various conditions. Results. We find that the type I migration is significantly suppressed in many cases. Even in cases in which inward migration occurs, the migration timescale is lengthened to 1 Myr, which mitigates the type I migration problem. This is because the gas surface density is decreased and has a flatter profile in the close-in region due to disk winds. We find that when the type I migration is significantly suppressed, planets undergo late orbital instability during the gas depletion, leading to a non-resonant configuration. We also find that observed distributions of close-in super-Earths (e.g., period ratio, mass ratio) can be reproduced. In addition, we show that in some results of simulations, systems with a chain of resonant planets, like the TRAPPIST-1 system, form.

Postoperative Aortic Neck Dilation: Myth or Fact?

The abdominal aorta is the most common site of an aortic aneurysm. The visceral and most proximal infrarenal segment (aneurysm neck) are usually spared and considered more resistant to aneurysmal degeneration. However, if an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is left untreated, the natural history of the aortic neck is progressive dilatation and shortening. This may have significant implications for patients undergoing endovascular repair of AAAs (EVAR) as endograft stability and integrity of the repair are dependent on an intact proximal seal zone. Compromised seal zones, caused by progressive diameter enlargement and foreshortening of the aortic neck, may lead to distal endograft migration, type Ia endoleak, aortic sac repressurization, and, ultimately, aortic rupture.