scholarly journals MONITORING OF CALCIUM CONTENT OF RAW COW MILK

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ye. S. Kandinskaya ◽  
S. V. Redkin ◽  
G. V. Chebakova
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Milk Samples

Milk is a natural food product that is unique in its nutritive value and signifcance for human organism. Its composition is balanced in major biochemical components as well as mineral components including calcium. Calcium is essential for many metabolic processes and is contained in milk in easily digestible and phosphorus-balanced form. Therefore, decrease in its content in milk creates prerequisites for insufcient meeting the body need in the said microelement and has an effect on human metabolism especially in children. Results of laboratory testing of 400 milk samples collected from clinically healthy Holstein and Black and White Spotted cows kept on 40 farms located in the Moscow Oblast in 2001–2017 are presented. The raw milk was examined for the following quality indicators: sensory, physical and chemical as well as microbiological parameters. It was found that calcium concentration in milk depended on the season. It was shown that the majority of tested milk samples did not comply with the veterinary and sanitary quality parameters despite of the tendency to increase in analyzed parameter content in autumn. The monitoring showed recent decrease in calcium content of cow milk and dairy products intended for infant food. Average calcium content of raw milk was found to be 900–950 mg; it varied from 700 up to 1,100 mg of calcium/litre of milk. Further testing scheme based on analysis of such factors as pure protein, diet, biologically active dietary supplements is proposed. Such testing will allow comprehensive assessment of exogenous factors influencing calcium content of milk as well as harmonization of Russian requirements for food quality and safety assessment with the European ones.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

scholarly journals Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus (Amelanchier Medic) as source of biologically active substances and minerals

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Elena A. Laksaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Active Substances

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.

scholarly journals Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Pedro I. Teider Junior ◽  
André L.M. Oliveira ◽  
Edson A. Rios ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.

scholarly journals Enterotoxins production, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from refrigerated raw cow milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e45231
Author(s):  
Camila Lampugnani ◽  
Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini ◽  
Maria Emilene Martino Campos‐Galvão ◽  
Luis Augusto Nero ◽  
Luciano dos Santos Bersot
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Adherence Ability

This study aimed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus in refrigerated raw cow milk, and identify the presence of enterotoxin-expression genes, enterotoxin production and adherence ability, and antimicrobial resistance potential of the isolated strains. Fifty raw milk samples obtained in different dairy farms were analyzed for S. aureus and evaluated in the isolates the presence of genes associated with the production of major staphylococcal enterotoxins and biofilm formation. In vitro assays were also performed to evaluate the production of enterotoxins and adherence ability, and the antimicrobial resistance. One half (25/50) of raw milk samples presented coagulase-positive staphylococci and 95.2% of the isolates were confirmed to be S. aureus. Among them, 42.4% were carrying genes for enterotoxins production; however, only one isolate was able to produce enterotoxins. All S. aureus isolates were carrying at least two genes associated with biofilm formation and 95.2% isolates was able to adhere upon the in vitro assay. All isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance potential to one or more of the tested antibiotics.

scholarly journals A Method to Increase the Viability of Cyprinus Carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Stocking of the Aquatories Under the Influence Advanced Biotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Olena Honcharova ◽  
Pavlo Kutishchev ◽  
Yevgen Korzhov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food

This research investigated Spirulina Platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Artemia salina as additional sources of protein and biologically active substances that affect the parameters of the carp body. Additional addition of carp to the diet in the ratio: Spirulina Platensis - 40%, Chlorella vulgaris - 30% and Artemia salina - 30% made an impact on the parameters of carp development. The components were cultured in a bioreactor built into a recirculating aquaculture system. The results showed that after additional feeding of carp with the indicated components, the body weight of one-year carp was higher than the control group by 8.9%, and safety by 3.4%. Body weight two year carp was greater in the experimental group than in the group where the fish ate the total diet. The difference was 12.1% in body weight and 2.9% in safety. These parameters were significantly lower in fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). This scientific work has demonstrated the additional use of natural food as a method for improving the blood composition of carp: an increase in hemoglobin by 15.5% (P<0.05), erythrocytes by 5.5% in comparison with the control group. Indicators of gas-discharge visualization of a biological object supplemented the obtained result.

scholarly journals Study of aflatoxins incidence in cow feed and milk in Serbia during 2013.

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danka Spiric ◽  
Jasna Djinovic ◽  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Branko Velebit ◽  
Tatjana Radicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Beet Pulp

Atypical weather and climate conditions during the spring and summer 2012th were assumed to be the main reason for the aflatoxins contamination of corn crops in Serbia. High humidity in spring, and summer temperatures above the average contributed to the increased possibility of mycotoxins occurance in cereals in the fields. As a consequence, at the begining of 2013th contaminated corn used for dairy cows diet had negative impact on the safety of cow milk. The routine laboratory control data revealed an increased content of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples. Large number of raw milk and various feedstuff samples were collected from February to April 2013th and were analysed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin B1 respectively. The collected samples were a part of enhanced self-control plans of the large dairy farms. Quantitative competitive and sandwich types of ELISA tests were used for the screening analysis of the feed and milk samples. Confirmation of the positive results obtained by ELISA tests was performed by UPLC-MS/MS method. Out of 281 samples of complete mixtures for dairy cows, 67 samples (24%) contained aflatoxin B1 quantities higher than the MRL of 0,005 mg/kg [4]. Corn samples were also tested for the presence of aflatoxin B1 revealing contamination of 22% above the MRL (0.03mg/kg). Aflatoxin M1 content in the 934 positive milk samples ranged from 0,005- 1,25 ?g/kg. The corresponding feed samples of sunflower meal, hay silage, corn silage and sugar beet pulp were screening negative, with the content of aflatoxin B1 less than 2 ?g/kg. The main source of aflatoxins were corn samples, wholemeal and feed mixtures derived from contaminated corn. The contamination peak was during March 2013, when 65% of milk samples contained amounts of aflatoxin M1 higher than 0,05 ?g/kg, and 13% of milk samples contained amounts higher than 0,5 ?g/kg.

scholarly journals βeta-lactam and Tetracycline Antibiotic Residues in Cow Milk in the Constantine region, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Zeghilet ◽  
Brahim Bouchoucha ◽  
Omar Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Sample ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotic ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Residues

The aim of the present study was to investigate the βeta-lactam and tetracycline antibiotic residues in cow milk samples. A total of 122 samples of cow milk were collected from raw milk collectors (109 samples) and from a reconstituted pasteurized milk sales clerk (13 samples) in the Constantine region, Algeria and examined using the ΒetaStar Combo screening kit (Neogen, USA). Results indicates that 13 samples (10.66%) were positive for antibiotics residues: 12 (9.84%) for βeta-lactams (ten (8.20%) raw and two (1.64%) pasteurized milk samples) and only one (0.82%) for tetracyclines in a raw milk sample. It is evident that the Algerian consumer is not sheltered from the danger of antibiotic residues in milk and these inhibitor residues should constitute a constant concern for the dairy industry in Algeria. A control programme should be established.

scholarly journals Phosphatase Activity of Microbial Populations in Different Milk Samples in Relation to Protein and Carbohydrate Content

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Sosanka Protim SANDILYA ◽  
Anuradha GOGOI ◽  
Pinky Moni BHUYAN ◽  
Dip Kumar GOGOI
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase

Cattle milk is a rich source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and all other major and micro nutrients. At a moderate pH, milk is an excellent media for the growth of microbes and thus, intake of raw milk is precarious. In this study, attempt was made for a qualitative study of eight raw milk samples of different varieties of cow and goat milk, collected from Jorhat district of Assam, India, on the basis of nutritional value and microbial population. The highest microbial population was found in the milk collected from cross hybrid variety of cow, whereas microbial contamination was the least in Jersey cow milk. Samples of C1 (Jersey cow) variety showed presence of the highest amount of protein and carbohydrate content as compared to the others. Almost all the milk samples showed positive acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. Maximum acid phosphatase activity was observed in cross hybrid cow milk, whereas local cow milk exhibited the highest alkaline phosphatase activity. Phosphatase activity did not show any co-relationship with microbial population of the milk samples. Similarly, the protein and carbohydrate content of the samples did not have any significant impact on both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity.

Risk from Staphylococcus aureus in informally marketed raw cow milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desislava Bangieva ◽  
Valentin Rusev
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in raw cow milk samples taken from peddlers of five regions in Bulgaria. The results showed that all 44 samples tested were positive for Staphylococcus spp. All isolates were tested for coagulase production and subjected to PCR analysis. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and nuc genes found the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in 23 (52.3%) of a total of 44 raw milk samples. The number of Staphylococcus spp. ranged from 3x102 to 1.08x106 cfu/ml, and that of Staphylococcus aureus from 1.5x102 to 3.19x105 cfu/ml. It is concluded that control over the hygiene of handling and processing raw milk is essential for its safety.

A Vapor Pressure Osmometer for Determination of Added Water in Milk

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PENSIRIPUN ◽  
E. C. CAMPBELL ◽  
G. H. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Paper Disc

A vapor pressure osmometer requiring a 5- to 7-microliter sample to saturate a 0.64 cm filter paper disc fixed a digital readout of milliosmolality in 110 sec. A coefficient of variability of 0.70 was obtained on a raw milk sample tested 25 times when an acetone impregnated tissue was used to clean the sample chamber between tests. Two hundred individual cow milk samples from 20 herds averaged 280.0 ± 3.0 milliosmols. Milk samples containing up to 25% added water were evaluated on both the vapor pressure osmometer and a thermistor cryoscope with a resultant correlation coefficient of 0.991. A collaborative study involving eight hospital and industry laboratories was conducted. When the results of two laboratories were discarded, due to instrument maintenance problems, there were no significant differences among the laboratories in their abilities to quantitate added water in milk.

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