scholarly journals Analysis of working conditions to which the triaduct is subjected in Roca Fuerte route - Manta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Ana Valeria Palacios Mendoza ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Villacreses Viteri ◽  
Edgar Antonio Menendez Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Foundation Slab ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
End To End

In the work, the working conditions to which the triaduct is located in the Rocafuerte - Manta road are analyzed, with vehicle service conditions similar to those of a bridge since they share the same scenario. Despite their similarities, these two civil works, bridges and sewers, have a different structural behavior and design; The bridge sits on supports that are placed from end to end or in an intermediate way, while the sewer has a base that covers the entire area on which it will settle under a concept similar to that of a shoe or foundation slab, it also has with walls on its sides fulfilling the function of walls, which gives a drawer shape to this structure and hence its name. The working conditions of the aforementioned triaduct are analyzed, which are caused by vehicular traffic, earth thrusts, hydraulic flow, seismic load and a filler load that could be placed on the upper road slab that is not present on a bridge and corresponds to a dead load distributed because of the filling.

scholarly journals Analytical Framework for End-to-End Delay Based on Unidirectional Highway Scenario

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aslinda Hassan ◽  
Mohamed H. Ahmed ◽  
M. A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Carry And Forward

In a sparse vehicular ad hoc network, a vehicle normally employs a carry and forward approach, where it holds the message it wants to transmit until the vehicle meets other vehicles or roadside units. A number of analyses in the literature have been done to investigate the time delay when packets are being carried by vehicles on both unidirectional and bidirectional highways. However, these analyses are focusing on the delay between either two disconnected vehicles or two disconnected vehicle clusters. Furthermore, majority of the analyses only concentrate on the expected value of the end-to-end delay when the carry and forward approach is used. Using regression analysis, we establish the distribution model for the time delay between two disconnected vehicle clusters as an exponential distribution. Consequently, a distribution is newly derived to represent the number of clusters on a highway using a vehicular traffic model. From there, we are able to formulate end-to-end delay model which extends the time delay model for two disconnected vehicle clusters to multiple disconnected clusters on a unidirectional highway. The analytical results obtained from the analytical model are then validated through simulation results.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of Conventional Slab, Flat Slab And Grid Slab Using ETABS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Abhijit K Sawwalakhe ◽  
Prabodh D Pachpor
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Flat Slab ◽  
Story Drift ◽  
Heavy Loads

Abstract In today’s construction, the traditional slab is mostly supported by a beam, with a small slab thickness and a large beam depth, and the weight is carried from beam to column. The flat slab allows architects to place partition walls wherever they are needed. It is widely used because it reduces weight, speeds up building, and is cost effective. Similarly, since its inception, the conventional slab has provided benefits such as increased stiffness, increased weight carrying ability, as well as being safe and cost effective. Grid slabs are necessary where the span is greater, and grid beams are provided to lessen the spanning. Grid slabs reduce dead load due to voids and are appropriate for longer spans with heavy loads. The Grid slab is less expensive and provides superior vibration resistance. The project’s goal is to find the most cost-effective slab among standard slab, flat slab with drop, and grid slab. A G+5 Commercial multi-story structure with flat slab, conventional slab, and gird slab was investigated for characteristics such as storey displacement, shear force, bending moment, and storey drift in this study. There are a total of 18 structures examined. The performance and behaviour of all structures in India’s seismic zone III have been investigated with the application of dead load, live load and seismic load. The results of shear force, Bending Moment, story shear, story displacement, story drift and quantity of concrete and steel shows that the overall result values makes flat slab a suitable structure as compared to the conventional and grid slab.

scholarly journals Design Calculation for A (G +10) Building (Encode Steel)

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-345
Author(s):  
E. Iniyan ◽  
P. A Prabakaran
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Load ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Soft Storey ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Spread Sheet

The proposed steel building at Mumbai consisting of G+10 storeys, has a built-up area of about 165m2. The typical floor height is 3m above GL and the total height of the building above GL is 33m.Withreference to given plan, the architectural drawings and structural drawings showing plan, elevation, sectional views and connection drawings are drawn by using AUTOCAD 2017.Design calculations (Dead Load, Live Load, Wind Load, Seismic Load) are calculated manually-As per IS codes which are mentioned in technical details. The rolled steel sections for beam and column has been chosen from IS 12778:2004. High tensile steel grade-E350BR has been used for steel sections. And, the analysis of structure is done by using STAAD.Pro V8i SS5.Design of beam and column are manually calculated-As per IS: 800-2007. And, spread sheet has been created to check the beam and column, whether it is safe or not. The connection designs are calculated-As per IS codes by using Welding-As per IS 9595-1996 and Fasteners-As per IS 3757-1985. Bracings are provided in the ground floor between the column to avoid soft storey failure. The material requirements are mentioned based on the design calculations. The total estimation of the building is 1.11cr.

Comparative Study on The Stability of Hydropower Station Slope under Different Earthquake Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wang zhongchang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Amplification Effect ◽  
Earthquake Load ◽  
The Stability

Abstract In order to explore the stability characteristics of hydropower station slope under different working conditions under seismic action, The three-dimensional dynamic finite element method is used to analyze the working conditions of the hydropower station slope under the seismic load with a probability of exceeding 5% in 50 years, 2% in 100 years, and 1% in 100 years, through comparing the dynamic response characteristics and the stability of the slope under different seismic load were obtained. The results showed that under the influence of different earthquake loads, the ground motion response of the slope would increase with the increase of the peak value of the excited ground motion, and all would be forced to vibrate according to the vibration form of the excited ground motion; compared with the amplification effect of the slope on the displacement, the amplification effect of the slope on the acceleration was more obvious, this phenomenon was more obvious when the slope was under the action of an earthquake load with a probability of exceeding 1% within 100 years of the reference period; with the increase of seismic load, the possibility of bedding sliding and failure of the slope surface would be greater; when the three types of seismic loads act on the slope respectively, the other surfaces of the slope would generate instantaneous tensile stress, but they are less than the tensile strength of the slope rock mass. when the slope was under rare ground motion with a 100-year exceeding probability of 1% and 2%, the maximum relative dynamic displacement was about 5cm, and the slope was sufficient to withstand the test of strong ground motion; for the other two seismic conditions, when the slope was under the action of an earthquake load with a probability of exceeding 1% within 100 years of the reference period, the damage effect of the slope near the empty surface under the action of the earthquake was more obvious than that of the center of the slope.

Parametric Analysis on Incrementally Launched Construction for Concrete Box Girder

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Jun Wang ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Feng Jiang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Negative Bending ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Main Girder

The structural behavior of incrementally launched bridges in the construction stages depends on different parameters. Internal force of main girder is influenced by the dead load and stiffness of main girder, the length and stiffness of launching nose. Parametric analysis on the effect of internal force of an 8×60m-span concrete continuous box girder bridge was carried out. The results show that bending moment increases following the increase of weight and stiffness of corresponding segment of main girder. The phenomenon is even more obvious in the negative bending moment region of main girder segment nearby the launching nose. The bending moment of main girder reduces significantly when the stiffness ratio among launching nose and main girder is less than 0.15. While, the negative bending moment of main girder reduces significantly when the length ratio among launching nose and main span is more than 0.58.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Structure with and without Seismic Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Patil ◽  
Adarsh P. Solanke ◽  
Kuldeep R. Dabhekar ◽  
Isha P. Khedikar ◽  
Rahul Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Seismic Structure ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Equivalent Structure

Abstract Engineers are mostly adopting complex non-linear methods to research multi-storey residential apartment structure to withstand earthquake forces. This paper uses much simpler Equivalent Static method to analyse G+5 storey structure to repel earthquake forces using Staad pro software. The seismic analysis is further compared with non-seismic analysis of an equivalent structure using dead load + super load combination. it had been observed that the seismic results obtained consisted of significantly increased maximum moments and shear forces than the non-seismic analysis From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure ar completely or partly broken because of earthquake. So, it’s a necessity to figure out unstable responses of such structures. The main aim of the present work is to make a comparative study of seismic and non-Seismic structure. The analysis was performed as per the specification of IS codes IS 1893, IS 875, IS 456:2000.

Assessment Method of Stress Reliability Based on Effective Prestress Testing for Existing PC Bridge

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2452-2456
Author(s):  
Lei Yan ◽  
Ying Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Service Conditions

In order to investigate the emergency capacity of the full prestress and A-class components under normal service conditions, vertical tensioned increment method was be applied to study the statistic discipline of effective prestress for existing PC bridges. The results showed that the statistical parameters of effective prestress obey normal distribution and ~N(0.97,0.09). On this basis, the stress-resisting probabilistic models of two kinds of components were constructed. The dead load effect probabilistic model and the vehicle load probabilistic model considering evaluation base period were established. Based on the research above, the assessment method of stress reliability for PC bridge under normal service conditions was presented.

scholarly journals Model characterization and mechanical property analysis of bimetallic functionally graded turbine discs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Yiwei Dong ◽  
Weiguo Yan ◽  
Tao Liao ◽  
Qianwen Ye ◽  
Yancheng You
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Service Conditions

In advanced propulsive systems, a turbine disc bears vast mechanical and thermal loads under its working conditions of high-temperature gradients and high rotational velocity.The complex working conditions of aero-engine turbine discs place stringent performance requirements on the materials used. With dual organizations and superior composite performances, bimetallic functionally graded turbine discs have become a focus in the research of high thrust-to-weight ratio aero-engines. To study the mechanical properties of new bimetallic functionally graded materials under service conditions, we propose a volumetric fraction expression and adjustable composition distribution parameters that are suitable for simulating the composition distribution of bimetallic functionally graded turbine discs. On this basis, a characterization model for functionally graded materials based on the analysis of the internal thermodynamic properties of bimetallic turbine discs is established. The thermodynamic properties and fatigue performances of functionally graded materials under service conditions are analysed. Mechanical property simulations of functionally graded turbine discs are performed using different composition distribution parameters, and reasonable ranges are determined for the various composition distribution parameters. The results show that bimetallic functionally graded turbine discs are suitable for high-stress-gradient and high-temperature-gradient environments with lower weights than those of current GH4169 alloy turbine discs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of Working Conditions Of Elementary School Teachers Under Different Management In Manipur

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
N Nomika Devi ◽  
Nongmeikapam Premika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Private School ◽  
Work Load ◽  
The State ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Government School ◽  
Service Conditions

Teachers are required not only to impart knowledge in various subjects, they have also to develop the whole personality of the child-body, mind and spirit. The most important equipment of a teacher is his back ground of education and training. A teacher must represent a running stream and not a stagnant pool. The teaching community constitutes a very large segment of employees in Manipur. Both from the point of view of their number and their dispersal all over the state, they distributed a significant service under the state. According to National Policy on Educaion (1992), the living and working conditions of teachers includes pay and allowances, career advancement, retirement and medical benefits, housing facilities, provision of study leave special provisions for women teachers, service conditions, postings and transfers, Teacher’s Welfare teachers’ participation and recruitments. The main objective is to study the working conditions of teachers f elementary schools with respect to management. Out of 600 teachers, 268 teachers were from 38 Elementary Government school, 122 teachers from 26 Elementary Aided schools and 210 teachers from 32 Elementary Private schools. It was found that 47.62% of private schools have pucca building while that of Government and Aided schools are 35.82% and 20.48% respectively. Lack of  the minimum essential facilities in elementary schools exist in all three types of school in which Government schools are much  lacking behind the other counter parts.  School inspection on regular basis is found to be lacking in Government (48.88%) and Aided schools (49.18%). Private school teachers show highest in Heavy work-load(61.90%) and miscillenious work(20.95%). service conditions of Government teachers are in better position as compared to Aided and Private school teachers. The majority of Private school teachers reported that Salaries are paid in time as compared to other counter parts. service conditions of Government teachers are in better position as compared to Aided and Private school teachers. Parents-Teachers Association (PTA) are found to be highest in Government schools (67.21%) and lowest in Private schools (53.33%). It was found 73.50% of Government, 72.89% of Aided and 43.33% of Private school teachers do not have computer knowledge.

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