scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Ocean Acidification on the Extrapallial Fluid pH, Calcification Rate, and Condition Factor of the King Scallop Pecten maximus

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P. Cameron ◽  
Claire E. Reymond ◽  
Fiona Müller-Lundin ◽  
Isaac Westfield ◽  
Jonathan H. Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Extrapallial Fluid

scholarly journals Juvenile King Scallop, Pecten maximus, Is Potentially Tolerant to Low Levels of Ocean Acidification When Food Is Unrestricted

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e74118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Burton Sanders ◽  
Tim P. Bean ◽  
Thomas H. Hutchinson ◽  
Will J. F. Le Quesne
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Low Levels

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs: evaluating the assumptions involved

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Jokiel
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Reef Decline ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Predictions of future impact of climate change on coral reefs indicate that bleaching mortality due to higher temperature will be the major factor in the decline of coral reefs. Ocean acidification (OA) is increasingly considered to be an important contributing factor, but estimates of its importance vary widely in the literature. Models of future reef decline due to OA generally involve four simplifying assumptions that can lead to contradictions. The assumptions are: (i) Oceanic conditions of Ωarag control or are at least highly correlated with net calcification rate (Gnet) on coral reefs. (ii) Calcification rate is driven by bulk water carbonate ion concentration [CO32−] expressed as Ωarag. (iii) Changes in coral calcification rate can be used to estimate future changes in coral reef calcification rate. (iv) The impact of OA is additive and not synergistic with other environmental factors such as increased temperature. The assumption that aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) of seawater drives calcification is the most widely used and needs to be further evaluated. An alternate hypothesis is that calcification is limited by the ability of the system to rid itself of the protons generated by calcification. Recent studies allow further testing of the assumptions and point the way to resolving shortcomings in our understanding of how OA impacts coral reefs.

scholarly journals The combined effects of temperature and aromatase inhibitor on metamorphosis, growth, locomotion, and sex ratio of tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) tadpoles

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8834
Author(s):  
Yun Tang ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
You-Fu Lin ◽  
Jing-Yi Chen ◽  
Guo-Hua Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Steroid Hormone Level

Background The tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) is widely raised by many farms in southern region of China as an economically edible frog. The growth, development, and sexual differentiation of amphibians are influenced by temperature and steroid hormone level. However, the problem of hormone residues is caused by the addition of exogenous hormones in frog breeding, it is worth considering whether non-sterol aromatase inhibitors can be used instead of hormones. Methods In our study, H. rugulosus tadpoles were subjected to two water temperatures (29 °C and 34 °C) and three letrozole concentrations in the feed (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/g) to examine the effects of temperature, aromatase inhibitor and their interaction on metamorphosis, locomotion, and sex ratios. A G-test and contingency table were used to analyze the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles and the survival rate of froglets after feeding for 90 days. A G-test was also used to analyze sex ratios in different treatment groups. Results Metamorphosis time and body size (snout–vent length, body mass and condition factor) were significantly different between the two temperature treatments. Metamorphosis time was longer and body size was increased at 29 °C compared to those at 34 °C. Letrozole concentration and the temperature × letrozole interaction did not affect these variables. The jumping distance of froglets following metamorphosis was positively associated with the condition factor; when controlling for condition factor, jumping distance was not affected by temperature, letrozole concentration and their interaction. Temperature and letrozole concentration also did not affect metamorphosis and survival rate. Sex ratio of the control group (0 mg/g letrozole) was 1:1 at 29 °C, but there were more males at 34 °C. The sex ratios of H. rugulosus treated with letrozole at 29 °C and 34 °C were significantly biased toward males, and male ratio increased as letrozole concentration increased. Furthermore, more males were produced at 34 °C than at 29 °C at each letrozole concentration.

Temperature, oxygen, and diet modulate gene transcription and metabolic capacities in yellow perch

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Grasset ◽  
Bérénice Bougas ◽  
Peter G.C. Campbell ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Patrice Couture
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

To unambiguously interpret the impacts of environmental contamination on fish condition, it is important to understand the confounding effects of natural environmental factors. In this study, we measured the effects of temperature (11, 20, and 28 °C), oxygen level, and dietary restriction on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) using biometric endpoints and enzymatic and transcriptomic endpoints in liver. Fulton’s condition factor (FCF) and pyloric cæca index were significantly correlated (Spearman’s coefficient = 0.18; p value = 0.0002) and decreased under heat stress. Both hypoxia and dietary restriction also negatively affected FCF. These changes, indicating modifications in growth and energy accumulation, were also detected at the enzymatic level. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was only affected by temperature, whereas nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity decreased under hypoxic and restricted diet conditions. Temperature stress was also observed at the transcription level for genes associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the influences of natural stressors on these biomarkers of condition and metabolic capacities, which are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies.

scholarly journals The effect of ocean acidification on tropical coral calcification: insights from calcification fluid DIC chemistry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Allison
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Proton Extrusion ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Coral Calcification ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Seawater Pco2

Ocean acidification typically reduces calcification in tropical marine corals but the mechanism for this process is not understood. We use skeletal boron geochemistry (B/Ca and δ11B) to reconstruct the calcification fluid DIC of corals cultured over both high and low seawater pCO2 (180, 400 and 750 μatm). We observe strong positive correlations between calcification fluid pH and concentrations of the DIC species potentially implicated in aragonite precipitation (be they CO32 , HCO3- or HCO3-+CO32 ). Similarly, with the exception of one outlier, the fluid concentrations of precipitating DIC species are strongly positively correlated with coral calcification rate. Corals cultured at high seawater pCO2 usually have low calcification fluid pH and low concentrations of precipitating DIC, suggesting that a reduction in DIC substrate at the calcification site is responsible for decreased calcification. The outlier coral maintained high pHCF and DICCF at high seawater pCO2 but exhibited a reduced calcification rate indicating that the coral has a limited energy budget to support proton extrusion from the calcification fluid and meet other calcification demands. We find no evidence that increasing seawater pCO2 enhances diffusion of CO2 into the calcification site. Instead the overlying [CO2] available to diffuse into the calcification site appears broadly comparable between seawater pCO2 treatments, implying that metabolic activity (respiration and photosynthesis) generates a similar [CO2] in the vicinity of the calcification site regardless of seawater pCO2.

scholarly journals Sensitivity towards elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in great scallop (<i>Pecten maximus</i> Lamarck) embryos and fed larvae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Andersen ◽  
Ellen S. Grefsrud ◽  
Torstein Harboe
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Elevated Pco2 ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Great Scallop ◽  
Scallop Larvae ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seawater Carbonate Chemistry

Abstract. The increasing amount of dissolved anthropogenic CO2 has caused a drop in pH-values in the open ocean known as ocean acidification. This change in seawater carbonate chemistry has been shown to have a negative effect on a number of marine organisms. Early life stages are the most vulnerable, and especially the organisms that produce calcified structures in the phylum Mollusca. Few studies have looked at effects on scallops, and this is the first study presented including fed larvae of the great scallop (Pecten maximus) followed until day 14 post-fertilization. Fertilized eggs from unexposed parents were exposed to three levels of pCO2 using four replicate units: 465 (ambient), 768 and 1294 μatm, corresponding to pHNBS of 7.94, 7.74 and 7.54, respectively. All of the observed parameters were negatively affected by elevated pCO2: survival, larval development, shell growth and normal shell development. The latter was observed to be affected only two days after fertilization. Negative effects on the fed larvae at day 7 were similar to what was shown earlier for unfed P. maximus larvae. Growth rate in the group at 768 μatm seemed to decline after day 7, indicating that the ability to overcome the environmental change at moderately elevated pCO2 was lost over time. Food availability may not decrease the sensitivity to elevated pCO2 in scallop larvae. Unless genetic adaptation and acclimatization counteract the negative effects of long term elevated pCO2, populations of scallops may be negatively affected by ocean acidification in the future.

An experimental study of the combined effects of temperature and photoperiod on reproductive physiology of Pecten maximus from the Bay of Brest (France)

Aquaculture ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 172 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Saout ◽  
Claudie Quéré ◽  
Anne Donval ◽  
Yves-Marie Paulet ◽  
Jean-François Samain
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Bay Of Brest

scholarly journals Effect of carbonate ion concentration and irradiance on calcification in planktonic foraminifera

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lombard ◽  
R. E. da Rocha ◽  
J. Bijma ◽  
J.-P. Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
High Light ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Abstract. The effect of carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) on calcification rates estimated from shell size and weight was investigated in the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa and Globigerinoides sacculifer. Experiments on G. sacculifer were conducted under two irradiance levels (35 and 335 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Calcification was ca. 30% lower under low light than under high light, irrespective of the [CO32−]. Both O. universa and G. sacculifer exhibited reduced final shell weight and calcification rate under low [CO32−]. For the [CO32−] expected at the end of the century, the calcification rates of these two species are projected to be 6 to 13% lower than the present conditions, while the final shell weights are reduced by 20 to 27% for O. universa and by 4 to 6% for G. sacculifer. These results indicate that ocean acidification would impact on calcite production by foraminifera and may decrease the calcite flux contribution from these organisms.

Fall condition factor and temperature influence the incidence of metamorphosis in sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Holmes ◽  
John H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Larval sea lampreys of immediate premetamorphic size (at least 120 mm and 3.0 g) were subjected to ambient or constant 21 °C temperature regimes for 9 months to investigate the influence of temperature and a fall condition factor (CF) of 1.50 or greater on the incidence of metamorphosis the following summer. The incidence of metamorphosis was 53% in the ambient temperature regime (29/55) and only 2% (1/55) in the constant temperature regime. About 64% (7/11) of the presumptively metamorphic larvae in the ambient temperature regime entered metamorphosis compared with 10% (1/10) in the constant temperature regime. Our predictions of metamorphosis based on CF were consistent with the observation that seven presumptively metamorphic larvae (CF ≥ 1.50) metamorphosed in the ambient temperature regime and that there was no metamorphosis among presumptively nonmetamorphic larvae in the constant temperature regime. Significantly more presumptively nonmetamorphic larvae in the ambient regime entered metamorphosis and fewer presumptively metamorphic larvae (CF < 1.50) metamorphosed in the constant temperature regime than expected. We attribute this response to the effects of temperature on metabolic processes. Larval sea lampreys of the appropriate size (≥ 120 mm and ≥ 3.0 g) with a CF of 1.50 or greater in the fall will usually enter metamorphosis the following July, but the accuracy of these predictions may be improved in some populations by using an empirically determined CF criterion that reflects seasonal or population differences in mass–length relationships.

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