scholarly journals Displacement of Aedes albopictus by Aedes aegypti in Gainesville, Florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Sara A. Brennan ◽  
Ivy C. Grob ◽  
Cason E. Bartz ◽  
Justin K. Baker ◽  
Yongxing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
North Central ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Invasive Mosquitoes ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are invasive mosquitoes, capable of vectoring arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Recent shifts in spatial distribution indicate there is a resurgence of Ae. aegypti in certain regions of Florida. After a 26-year absence, Ae. aegypti larvae were collected in a downtown neighborhood in Gainesville, Florida, in November 2019. Subsequent surveys confirmed that Ae. albopictus was completely displaced by Ae. aegypti in this neighborhood, whereas Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti coexisted around this community focus, and Ae. albopictus alone has been found elsewhere in the city and county since the 1990s. Field surveys revealed that Ae. aegypti is resurging in the downtown area of Gainesville and is actively dispersing to adjacent neighborhoods. Thus, Ae. aegypti could potentially replace Ae. albopictus across more of urban Gainesville in north-central Florida, as reported recently in coastal cities of northeastern Florida.

First Report of Adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistance to Pyrethroids in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Harburguer ◽  
Paula V Gonzalez ◽  
Eduardo Zerba
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Abstract Severe human arboviral diseases can be transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Adult control using spatial sprays with adulticides is recommended only when dengue outbreaks occur. In Argentina, mainly pyrethroids, like cis-permethrin, have been used as an adulticide, especially since 2008. The evolution and spread of resistance to insecticides is a major concern for vector control. This study reports for the first time pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti adults from Argentina, in the city of Salvador Mazza (Salta). WHO discriminating doses of 0.75% were used for permethrin, 0.05% for deltamethrin, and 5% for malathion. Also the discriminating dose for cis-permethrin (0.6%) was calculated and evaluated for the first time. We found a resistance ratio 50 (RR50) of 10.3 (9.7–10.4) for cis-permethrin, which is considered as high resistance. Our results also indicated resistance to deltamethrin (22.6% mortality) and permethrin (53.6% mortality), and a total susceptibility to malathion (100% mortality). Results from this study highlight the importance of the correct use of insecticides within an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) approach and of early detection of resistance to enable Ae. aegypti control in Argentina. More studies are needed to determine the spread of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids.

scholarly journals Distribuição espacial dos casos de febre chikungunya na área urbana de Mossoró-RN e sua correlação com a vulnerabilidade socioambiental

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2929
Author(s):  
Tatiane Aparecida Queiroz ◽  
Weslley Misael Bezerra Damasio ◽  
Leilane Alice Moura Da Silva ◽  
Lara Candice Costa de Morais Leonez ◽  
Thaiza Dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Kernel Density Estimate ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City

Historicamente o desenvolvimento urbano e econômico vivenciado no Brasil tem favorecido a proliferação do Aedes Aegypti, mosquito causador da febre chikungunya.  Assim, este estudo objetiva descrever e analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos de febre chikungunya, na área urbana de Mossoró-RN, buscando as possíveis correlações entre a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da população e a incidência da doença. Foi desenvolvido em duas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) do município de Mossoró-RN, Brasil, a partir da obtenção dos endereços dos indivíduos identificados como caso de febre chikungunya atendidos no período de 2015 a 2017 e da realização de visitas in loco nos bairros onde se identificou o maior número de casos da doença. Foram obtidos 2878 endereços dos indivíduos atendidos na UPA Conchecita Ciarlini e 1260 dos atendidos na UPA Raimundo Benjamim Franco. A geocodificação da localização dos endereços foi realizada através do uso do Geocode Cells e para a espacialização das coordenadas geográficas foi utilizado o software livre QGIS 2.18 “Las Palmas”. A espacialização dos casos foi feita a partir da estimativa de densidade Kernel. Observou-se uma maior incidência da febre chikungunya nos bairros Santo Antônio, Barrocas, Bom Jardim, Paredões, Boa Vista, Lagoa do Mato, Alto da Conceição, Belo Horizonte e Aeroporto. O estudo mostrou quais as regiões da cidade necessitam de maiores investimentos em ações de combate a febre chikungunya e identificou que existe maior incidência da doença em bairros vulneráveis e com saneamento precário, demonstrando a necessidade de ações intersetoriais de curto, médio e longo prazo.  Spatial Distribution of Chikungunya Fever Cases in the Urban Area of Mossoró-RN and its Correlation with Socio-environmental Vulnerability A B S T R A C T Historicaly, the urban and economic development experienced in Brazil has favored the proliferation of Aedes Aegypti, a mosquito that causes chikungunya fever. Thus, this study aims to describe and analyze the spatial distribution of chikungunya fever cases, in the urban area of Mossoró-RN, looking for possible correlations between the population’s socio-environmental vulnerability and the incidence of the disease. It was developed in two Emergency Care Units (ECU) in the municipality of Mossoró-RN, Brazil, from obtaining the addresses of individuals identified as a case of chikungunya fever attended in the period from 2015 to 2017 and conducting on-site visits in the neighborhoods where the highest number of cases were identified. 2878 addresses were obtained form individuals attended at ECU Conchecita Ciarlini and 1260 from those attended at ECU Raimundo Benjamim Franco. The geocoding of the addresses’ location was carried out using Geocode Cells and for the spatialization of the geographical coordinates, the free software QGIS 2.18 “Las Palmas” was used. The spatialization of the cases was made from the Kernel density estimate. A higher incidence of chikungunya fever was observed in the neighborhoods of Santo Antônio, Barrocas, Bom Jardim, Paredões, Boa Vista, Lagoa do Mato, Alto da Conceição, Belo Horizonte and Aeroporto. The study showed which regions of the city need greater investments in actions in order to com bat chikungunya fever and identified that there is a higher incidence of the diseases in vulnerable neighborhoods with poor sanitation, demonstrating the need for short, medium and long-term intersectoral actions.Keywords: Chikungunya Fever, Spatial Analysis, Geocoding, Emerging Communicable Diseases, Vulnerability

Yellow Fever in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on yellow fever, which inspired dread in the United States when epidemics occurred in the 1700s and 1800s. The 1878 epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, triggered an exodus from the city of frightened people who often took the disease with them and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000 people in the southern United States. As the chapter relates, the cause of the disease was unknown at the time, bringing fear and ineffective attempts to prevent or cure it. An early effort in biowarfare even attempted, unsuccessfully, to use clothing soiled by yellow fever victims to infect President Abraham Lincoln. The chapter goes on to describe how yellow fever, classified as a flavivirus, is transmitted by Aedes aegypti, both native to East Africa. Yellow fever arrived in the Americas because of a sequence of unlikely events that allowed the mosquito, virus, and susceptible victims to be transported to there on slave ships, a sequence traceable to the Silk Roads.

scholarly journals A doença socialista e o mosquito dos pobres

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Segata
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Urban Anthropology ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The City

O tipo de antropologia urbana que serve como base deste trabalho, leva em consideração o modo como os mosquitos e os humanos têm suas vidas cruzadas e coproduzidas e como juntos eles fazem a cidade. Seguindo esses propósitos, na primeira parte do artigo eu busco evidenciar o papel da febre amarela na produção das cidades, a partir de situações que ficaram conhecidas como reformas urbanas, na virada dos séculos XIX e XX. Na segunda parte do texto, a partir de elementos que trago do trabalho de campo entre agentes de  controle de endemias do município de Natal/RN, eu desloco a atenção para as políticas em torno da dengue, que ganharam substância nos últimos trinta anos e no modo como a sua atenção centrada nos mosquitos produz áreas de vulnerabilidade. Palavras-chave: Relações humano-Aedes aegypti. Reformas urbanas. Áreas de vulnerabilidade.A socialist disease and the mosquito of the poorAbstractThe type of urban anthropology that serves as the basis of this work, takes into consideration how mosquitoes and humans have their lives crossed and co-produced, and how together they make the city. Following these purposes, the first part of the paper I try to highlight the role of Yellow Fever in the production of cities, from situations that were known as urban reforms by the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Besides, in the second part of the text, I bring elements from fieldwork with endemics control agents of Natal, RN, I change attention to policies around the dengue, which gained substance in the last thirty years, and how its attention with focus on mosquitoes produces areas of vulnerability.Keywords: Relations human-Aedes aegypti. Urban reforms. Vulnerability areas.

scholarly journals Longitudinal spatial distribution of aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) during the yellow fever epidemic in Angola, 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDC Marquetti Fernández ◽  
T Arletty ◽  
P Cani ◽  
YH Flores
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever

Minimetrò in Perugia as leverage for urban regeneration

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Luca Fondacci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

In the 1970s, the fragile historical centre of the city of Perugia was a key area where the binomial of sustainable mobility and urban regeneration was developed and applied. At the turn of the xxi century, the low carbon automatic people-mover Minimetrò broadened that application from the city's historical centre to the outskirts, promoting the enhancement of several urban environments. This paper is the outcome of an investigation of original sources, field surveys and direct interviews, which addresses the Minimetrò as the backbone of a wide regeneration process which has had a considerable impact on the economic development of a peripheral area of the city which was previously devoid of any clear urban sense. The conclusion proposes some solutions to improve the nature of the Minimetrò as an experimental alternative means of transport.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Gladys N. Benitez ◽  
Glenn D. Aguilar ◽  
Dan Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Lichen Flora

The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

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