L. V. Scherba – a Theoretician and Practitioner of Russian Lexicography

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
E. G. Stukova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

The article analyses some aspects of lexicographic activity of L. V. Scherba: it examines his contribution into the development of the theory of lexicography, gives a survey of the dictionaries compiled with his participation in the 1920s–30s of the XX century, introduces to the scientific community some little-known facts of his lexicographic activity of the period. In addition to a general scientific overview of special literature and the analysis of his «Dictionary of the Russian Language», the article presents facts of the archival documents from Saint Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article deals with such unknown or little-known facts as L. V. Schera’s personal participation in the 1920s–30s in a number of lexicographic projects in Moscow and Leningrad: he took part in the compilation of «Lenin’s» dictionary of the Russian language, made in Moscow, A. S. Griboyedov’s «Woe from Wit» dictionary. A special page in the history of L. V. Scherba’s lexicographic activity became his work as a member of the Dictionary commission of the Academy of Sciences, his being an editor of a number of issues of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» under the general edition of A. A. Shahmatov, and also compilation of the IX volume of the «Dictionary of the Russian Language» edited by N. S. Derzhavin. The article gives a brief analysis of the materials of the only published first issue («И – Идеализироваться») of this volume. The article summarizes important and topical for the theory of lexicography L. V. Sherba’s observations and statements resulting from his considerable practical dictionary making work. The article gives a brief account of concrete lexicographic material testifying for a very high level of the scientist’s lexicographic work.

scholarly journals Turkisms in one of the early Russian translations of the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Made In

The article considers Turkic borrowings in the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century. The material of the study was a translation of the 17th century treatise “The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire” written by the English diplomat Paul Ricaut and translated into a number of European languages. The Russian translation was done by P.A.Tolstoy from the Italian version in 1702–1714 and published as “The Turkish Monarchy” in 1741. The study presents the methods of phonetic (orthographic) and morphological adaptation of Turkisms by comparing a typographical manuscript for typesetting with edits (made in 1725) and the printed text. The article aims at comparing the usage of borrowings with their forms in the Italian version of the treatise and in the Polish translation since the latter, apparently, was used in the process of typographical editing of the Russian text. A number ofdistorted forms of Turkisms that appeared in the Russian “Monarchy” as a result of the mechanical transfer of typos from the Italian translation were revealed. It has been established that the translation of compound nouns identified in the Turkic languages as izafet constructions was mainly a copying of their forms from the Italian translation. Most of the Turkisms in “The Turkish Monarchy” are exoticisms, but likely relevant for the Russian reader of the 18th century. Hence, the principles of including exoticisms in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century” require clarification because a number of Turkisms denoting confessional concepts in modern Russian are part of active vocabulary.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF V. MILLER’S WORK «DIE SPRACHE DER OSSETEN» («THE LANGUAGE OF THE OSSETIANS»)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.К. Гостиева
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Version ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

В публикации представлен материал, освещающий историю создания работы Всеволода Федоровича Миллера «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Язык осетин»). Публикуемые выдержки из писем В.Ф. Миллера к Г.В. Баеву по этому вопросу в период с 1901 по 1906 гг. извлечены из фондов Научного архива СОИГСИ. Подборка материалов из писем дает возможность проследить основные этапы работы Миллера над рукописью книги, выяснить творческое участие в нем Гаппо Баева. Для истории научного осетиноведения несомненный интерес имеют сведения о начале и процессе работы ученого над рукописью книги, ее целях и задачах, структуре, новых разделах, сроках подготовки к печати, положительных откликах зарубежных ученых на книгу, которые Миллер сообщал Баеву. Немаловажно иметь в виду и помощь Баева в предоставлении ученому по его просьбе новейших на тот момент официальных статистических данных об общей численности осетин в Терской области и за ее пределами, которые Миллер впоследствии разместил во «Введении» к книге, в разделе «Территория распространения осетинского языка и его диалекты». Заслуживают внимания и рекомендации Миллера о необходимости издания в Осетии практической грамматики осетинского языка, в создании которой он предлагал свое содействие. Рассмотрен русскоязычный перевод книги, изданной в 1962 г. Академией наук СССР. Публикуемые материалы позволяют считать письма Миллера к Баеву одним из важных источников по истории создания ученым книги «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Язык осетин»).  The article is devoted to the history of the creation of the V.F. Miller’s work «Die Sprache der Osseten» («The Ossetian Language»). Published excerpts from the letters V.F. Miller to G.V. Baev on this issue in the period from 1901 to 1906 were extracted from the collections of the Scientific Archive of the North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies. The selection of materials from the letters allows us to trace the work process of Miller on the manuscript of the book at a specified time, and assess creative participation of Bayev in it. For the history of scientific Ossetian studies, information about the beginning and process of a scientist’s work on the manuscript of the book, its goals and objectives, structure, new sections, preparation periods for printing, positive responses of foreign scientists to the book, which Miller shared with Baev. It is also important to bear in mind the help provided to the scientist at his request by Baev by supplying the latest official statistics on the total number of the Ossetians both in the Terek region and beyond it, which Miller subsequently placed in the Introduction to the book, in the section «Territory of distribution of the Ossetian language and its dialects». Noteworthy are the recommendations of Miller on the need to publish in Ossetia a practical grammar of the Ossetian language, in the creation of which he offered his assistance. The Russian-language version of the book published in 1962 by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR is considered. Published materials allow us to count the letters of Miller to Baev, one of the most important sources on the history of the creation by the scholar of the book «Die Sprache der Osseten» («Ossetian Language»).

scholarly journals Features of professional training of foreign students — future specialists in Russian philology by Russian universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00135
Author(s):  
Olga Evdokimova ◽  
Alena Ivanova ◽  
Anna Zakharova ◽  
Tatyana Romanova ◽  
Nadezhda Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Basic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
The Russian Language

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for professional training of foreign philology students, a high level of knowledge of the Russian language is required. The article analyzes the work with foreign students studying Russian philology. The focus is on scientific circles dealing with the Russian language and Russian literature and creating conditions for socio-cultural adaptation and professional development. To increase knowledge of foreign students, a system of scientific circles designed to consolidate and deepen knowledge in Russian literature and language can be created. The article determines tasks of scientific circles, primary problems, features of teaching philological disciplines for foreign students. Based on authors’ experience in teaching “Russian language (practical course)”, “Basic language (theoretical course)”, “History of Russian literature of the 10th-20th centuries”, recommendations to enhance the role of additional education were developed; the relationship between the curricular and extracurricular activities was identified. It was concluded that scientific circles are aimed at forming those competencies whose development causes difficulties, but future specialists as professionals and representatives of the humanitarian sphere of life need them.

scholarly journals The founder of the historical science of the Russian language. The 200th anniversary of academician F.I. Buslayev

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
O. V. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents an analytical review of the biography and scientific activity of F.I. Buslaev (1818–1897), an outstanding Russian philologist and academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Special attention is paid to his innovation in his studies of monuments of folk literature, and teaching the history of the Russian language. F.I. Buslaev was one of the originators of modern comparative studies, lingua-cultural analysis, and influenced the development of science during the XX–XXI centuries. This article releases new archive documents revealing F.I. Buslaev’s laboratory of creative thought, and describing his formation as a scientist. Interesting little-known biographical facts are also presented. F.I. Buslaev’s personality is considered in the context of the social and historical events of his time.

Root with Alternation of -ravn-/-rovn- (From Materials of the Academic Description of Russian Spelling)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Arutiunova ◽  
E. V. Beshenkova ◽  
O. E. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The study investigates the rule of spelling the root -ravn-/-rovn- and is considered to be a fragment of the academic description of Russian spelling, which is currently being under investigation at the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors clarify the meanings that determine the spelling of the unstressed root, supplement the lists of exceptions, denote words with meanings not corresponding to the given values-criteria, and, for the first time in linguistics, investigate the words that can be correlated with different values-criteria, that is, they have double motivation. The rule codifies the spelling of words that have double motivation and fluctuate in usus, dictionaries, study guides and reference books. Spelling recommendations for these words correspond to the current linguistic norm and were approved by the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019. The linguistic commentary to the rule contains the most significant etymological facts concerning the root -ravn-/-rovn- and summarises the scientific and methodological attempts to figure out the distribution of vocabulary with root -ravn-/-rovn- based on the meanings selected in the spelling rules. In the paper it is shown that the instability in spelling of various verbs with the root -ravn-/-rovn- in modern writing and dictionaries is determined by the double motivation of words, as well as contradictory recommendations and gaps in the rules.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Semen M. Iakerson
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
National Library ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Private Collections

Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

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