scholarly journals The protective role of alcoholic extract of (Anethum graveolens) seeds on renal function in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Luma W. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Water Control

     This study was designed to investigate the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds in mitigating the complications of induced diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy of adult female rabbits. Thirty adult female rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: Control group (C) drenched tap water, control group intubated orally with 700 mg/kg B.W ethanolic extract of dill (T1), diabetic group drenched tap water (T2), diabetic group intubated orally700 mg/kg B.W of dill (T3) and diabetic group treated with insulin injection 3 I.U S/C (T4). Blood samples were collected by heart puncture at 0 and 45 days of experiment to assess renal efficiency: Serum creatinine, serum urea, and serum glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that diabetes mellitus without treatment group (T2) caused renal damage manifested by significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine, urea and significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) concentration. Oral intubation of alcoholic extract of dill seeds in diabetic treated group (T3) improved renal function through significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum urea, creatinine, and significant (P<0.05) increase in serum glutathione concentration (GSH). It was concluded that alcoholic extract of dill seeds was effective in reducing the complications of diabetes mellitus such as nephropathy.

Maternal treatment with fluoxetine promotes testicular alteration in male rat pups

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. Ramos ◽  
Alice H. dos Santos ◽  
Kennia M. Silveira ◽  
Ana Carolina I. Kiss ◽  
Suzana F. P. Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maternal Treatment

Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant commonly prescribed during pregnancy and lactation. Pre- and post-partum depression, as well as SSRI treatment during these periods, may change maternal care, interfering with offspring development. Moreover, it is known that SSRIs may alter testes structure and function in offspring. The present study investigated the effects of maternal FLX exposure on maternal behaviour and testes function in offspring. Female Wistar rats were treated with 7.5 mg kg–1 FLX or tap water (control group) by gavage from the Day 1 of pregnancy until 21 days after birth (postnatal Day (PND) 21). Maternal behaviour was evaluated and morphofunctional analyses of offspring testes were conducted on PND 21 and 50. There were no significant differences between the FLX-treated and control groups regarding maternal behaviour. Nor did maternal treatment with FLX have any effect on bodyweight gain, anogenital distance, day of preputial separation, testis weight and the gonadosomatic index in male offspring. However, there was a decreased number of Sertoli cells at both PND 21 and 50 in FLX-exposed male offspring. The findings of the present study demonstrate that maternal exposure to FLX can impair testicular function in weanling and pubertal animals.

THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED LYSINE VASOPRESSIN BY RAT AND PIG PITUITARY NEURAL LOBES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Neural Lobe ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Uptake of tritiated lysine vasopressin ([3H]LVP) was studied in halved neural lobes of rats (which had been given either tap water (control group) or 2% (w/v) NaCl solution as drinking water for 4 days) as well as in slices of pig neural lobe. Uptake of radioactivity into the neural lobes was shown but analysis of the extracts of incubated lobes of both species by ion exchange chromatography showed that very little of it remained in the tissue as hormone. In addition, some radioactivity was associated with trichloroacetic acid-insoluble proteins. After 90 min of incubation, and after correction for the breakdown, the uptake of unchanged [3H]LVP, expressed as a tissue: medium ratio, was 0·14 ± 0·04 and 0·09 ± 0·03 (mean ± s.e.m.) for the saline-treated and control rats respectively, while the tissue: medium ratios for the breakdown product(s) were 6·47 ± 0·45 and 5·50 ± 0·36. The results suggest uptake of [3H]LVP into the cell with almost complete intracellular breakdown of the hormone.

scholarly journals Risk of latent tuberculosis infection among diabetic patients in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayad A Merza ◽  
Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Savo ◽  
Muhammad Jaafer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Previous Hospitalization ◽  
Control Study

Diabetes can be linked with impaired host immunity that subsequently increases the rate of various infections including tuberculosis (TB), particularly in developing countries where TB is endemic. The objectives of this case control study were to determine the prevalence and the risk of LTBI among diabetic patients. It is a prospective case control study conducted in Azadi Teaching Hospital from September 2017 until May 2018. The diabetic patients included in this study were randomly selected. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) was made according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetes mellitus patients and the control participants were offered a voluntary tuberculin skin test (TST). The TST ≥10 mm was considered positive. The results were analyzed by entering the data in SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences, version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Two hundred DM patients and 208 control individuals participated in this study. Collectively, 28 patients had positive TST results. Based on the sputum smear microscopy and CXR, none of these patients showed active TB disease. The differences between the DM patients and the control group had no statistical significance apart from previous hospitalization. The prevalence of LTBI was 23.53% in the diabetic group, whereas, it was 9.62% in the control group. The frequency of LTBI in diabetic patients was significantly higher than the control group. When the diabetic group was compared with the control group in terms of diabetic control and the duration of diabetes disease, there was a statistically significant association of diabetes duration ≥ 10 years and TST positivity. In conclusion, the previous hospitalization was a significant risk factor for diabetic patients to acquire TB bacilli. Latent TB infection was more common in diabetics than non diabetics and there was an increased likelihood of having LTBI with the duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years. To avoid the threatening of TB control program, prophylactic treatment of LTBI in diabetic patients is paramount.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2018, 4(2): 227-232

scholarly journals Oxidative lipid, protein, and DNA damage as oxidative stress markers in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omur Tabak ◽  
Remise Gelisgen ◽  
Hayriye Erman ◽  
Fusun Erdenen ◽  
Cüneyt Muderrisoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diabetic complications on oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA and to investigate the relationship between oxidative damage markers and clinical parameters. Methods: The study group consisted of 69 type 2 diabetic patients (20 patients without complication, 49 patients with complication) who attended internal medicine outpatient clinics of Istanbul Education and Research Hospital and 19 healthy control subjects. In serum samples of both diabetic patients and healthy subjects, 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a marker of oxidative DNA damage, Nε-(hexanoyl)lysine (HEL) and 15-F2t-iso-prostaglandin (15-F2t-IsoP). as products of lipooxidative damage, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as markers of protein damage, and paraoxonase1 (PON1) as antioxidant were studied. Results: 15-F2t-IsoP (p < 0.005) and AOPP (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group while there were no significant differences in levels of 8-OHdG and HEL between the two groups. AOPP (p < 0.001) and 8-OHdG (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic group with complications compared to diabetic group without complications. Conclusions: Increased formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, under conditions of hyperglycaemia, is one of the probable causes for evolution of complications in diabetes mellitus. Our study supports the hypothesis that oxidant/antioxidant balance is disturbed in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Parameters of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with diabetes mellitus with impairment of renal function

HYPERTENSION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
I.I. Topchiy ◽  
O.N. Kirienko ◽  
P.S. Semyonovykh ◽  
D.O. Kirienko ◽  
O.I. Tsygankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex global problem, which is increasing every year. So, in 2019, diabetes mellitus was detected in 463 million adults (from 20 to 79 years old) in the world. And the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular complications. The study was aimed investigate the features of functional and structural changes in the heart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. A total of 98 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined, out of which 78 patients had diabetic nephropathy (DN) of varying severity. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients. After a clinical examination, depending on the state of renal function, all patients were divided into the following groups: group I — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without signs of nephropathy (n = 36), group II — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria (n = 33), group III — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with decreased GFR and albuminuria (n = 29). To study changes in hemodynamics and structural parameters of the heart, patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography on an ULTIMA PA ultrasound machine (Radmir, Ukraine) using a sectoral phased transducer with a frequency range of 2–3 MHz according to the standard technique based on the recommendations of the American Echocardiographic Society. To determine indexing indicators, the patients underwent anthropometric measurements. Patients with DN and albuminuria and decreased GFR showed an increase in the linear dimensions of the heart in comparison with controls and patients without signs of nephropathy. With DN, patients have a significant increase in left ventricular mass and a significant increase in the detection rate of left ventricular hypertrophy up to 91.3 % in patients with albuminuria and preserved renal function and up to 100 % with a decrease in GFR.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT IN OXIDATIVE STRESS AFTER DUODENOJEJUNOSTOMY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cacio Ricardo WIETZYCOSKI ◽  
João Caetano Dallegrave MARCHESINI ◽  
Sultan AL-THEMYAT ◽  
Fabiola Shons MEYER ◽  
Manoel Roberto Maciel TRINDADE
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Surgical Group

ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial syndrome with severe complications. Oxidative stress is accepted as a causal factor of chronic complications Aim: To demonstrate alterations in oxidative stress after metabolic surgery. Methods: Twenty-four 2-day-old Wistar rats were used. In 16, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was induced by 100 mg/kg streptozotocin injection. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 10 weeks using an oral glucose tolerance test. Eight diabetic rats composed the diabetic surgical group; the remaining eight composed the diabetic group. Eight animals in which diabetes was not induced formed the clinical control group. The Marchesini technique was used in the diabetic surgical group. After 90 days, the rats were sacrificed, and the oxidative stress markers were measured. Results: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly reduced in the diabetic surgical group compared to the diabetic group. Conclusion: The duodenojejunostomy was effective in controlling the exacerbated oxidative stress present in diabetic rats.

Renal function in the laboratory rat: a student exercise.

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Walker ◽  
M E Olson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Group A

Because of the increased concern over use of human body fluids in physiology teaching laboratories, we developed an exercise in renal function that utilizes laboratory rats. The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume, plasma ionic concentrations, and osmolarity. Three treatment groups are utilized: a volume-expanded (access to 1 g/100 ml sucrose) group, a volume-expanded and salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/100 ml NaCl) group, and a volume-depleted (water-deprived) group. A normovolemic control group (access to tap water) is also included. Rats are housed individually in metabolic cages that allow accurate measurement of fluid intake and urine output. Blood samples are removed via cardiac puncture. The animals recover from this procedure and can be reutilized within 2-3 wk. When class data are pooled, clear trends are seen that demonstrate the volume-, osmo-, and ionoregulatory abilities of the kidneys.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrogen peroxide on diazepam and xylazine sedation in chicks

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaareb J. Mousa ◽  
Fouad K. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Total Recovery

ABSTRACT Oxidative stress may cause various neuronal dysfunctions and modulate responses to many centrally acting drugs. This study examines the effects of oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on sedation induced by diazepam or xylazine as assessed in 7-14 day-old chicks. Day-old chicks were provided with either plane tap water (control group) or H2O2 in tap water as 0.5% v/v drinking solution for two weeks in order to produce oxidative stress. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma and whole brain. Drug-induced sedation in the chicks was assessed by monitoring the occurrence of signs of sedation manifested as drooping of the head, closed eyelids, reduced motility or immotility, decreased distress calls, and recumbency. The latency to onset of sedation and its duration were also recorded. H2O2 treatment for two weeks significantly decreased glutathione and increased malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma and whole brain of the chicks on days 7, 10 and 14 as compared with respective age-matched control groups. H2O2 decreased the median effective doses of diazepam and xylazine for the induction of sedation in chicks by 46% and 63%, respectively. Injection of diazepam at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.m. or xylazine at 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, i.m. induced sedation in both control and H2O2-treated chicks in a dose dependent manner, manifested by the above given signs of sedation. H2O2 significantly decreased the latency to onset of sedation in chicks treated with diazepam at 5 and 10 mg/kg, increased the duration of sedation and prolonged the total recovery time in comparison with respective non-stressed control chicks. A similar trend occurred with xylazine in the H2O2-treated chicks, though the differences from control counterparts did not attain the statistical significance, except for the recovery time of the lowest dose of the drug. The data suggest that H2O2-induced oxidative stress sensitizes the chicks to the depressant action of the sedatives diazepam and xylazine. Further studies are needed to examine the potential role of oxidative stress in modulating the actions of therapeutic agents on the brain.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Doppler Velocimetry, Histopathology of Placental Bed in Diabetic Pregnancy and Its Correlation to Fetal Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Emadeldin Matar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Doppler Indices

Diabetes mellitus still represents an important medical problem during pregnancy, causing perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite improved outcome reflected by a steep decline in perinatal mortality over the past few decades, controversy still exists regarding the care of the pregnant woman with both pre-existing and gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Doppler ultrasound is especially valuable during pregnancy because fetal maternal and placental circulations can be studied. The aim of this work was to study the vascular changes in the uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulations, and to correlate these findings with histopathology of the placenta and placental bed, which may occur in association with diabetic pregnancies. The study was carried out on 100 pregnant women of comparable age and parity. They were divided into 2 groups. The control group comprising 20 normal non-diabetic pregnant women and the normotensive diabetic group comprising 80 pregnant diabetic women. All were singleton pregnancies of 34 weeks or more and were delivered by C.S the control and the study cases were subjected to history taking and thorough physical examination. They were also subjected to ultrasonographic examination for fetal biometric parameters and for Doppler examination. Doppler examination included umbilical artery, uterine arteries fetal middle cerebral artery. At the time of C.S the placenta and placental bed biopsy was obtained. After delivery, the Apgar score of the newborn was assessed at 1 and 5 minutes, the body weight was measured, and the fetus was followed up for any complications. Result: There was a positive correlation between the umbilical artery PI and the mean blood glucose levels indicating that poor diabetic control is probably associated with increased umbilical artery PI. However, there was no significant difference between the mean value of the umbilical artery PI in the diabetic and control groups. The uterine arteries Doppler indices showed no significant findings between the diabetic and the control groups. Neither did the uterine arteries Doppler indices show a correlation with the mean blood glucose levels. There was no significant difference between the middle cerebral artery PI in the diabetic and control groups. This observation indicates that there was no redistribution in the fetal circulation in the fetuses of the diabetic group. There was also non correlation between the MCA Doppler indices and the glycemic control. Histopathologic studies of the placental bed showed marked difference between the diabetic group and the control group as regards lack of physiologic changes and arteriosclerotic changes, which emphasizes the effect of diabetes on the placental bed vasculature. Conclusion: Abnormal umbilical artery waveform analysis is one of significant predictors of fetal compromise in diabetic pregnancy, but fetal compromise can occur in association with normal Doppler waveform analysis. In maternal diabetes the classic redistribution seen in fetal hypoxemia due to uteroplacental insufficiency may not occur in diabetic patient even in severely compromised fetuses. In maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal glycemic control has no effect on impedance to flow in the uterine and middle cerebral arteries. No relationship was found between the uterine or umbilical arteries Doppler indices and the placental bed decidual vascular pathology in diabetic pregnancies. There was no correlation between placental findings and the Doppler waveform analysis of the umbilical and the uterine arteries.

scholarly journals The Influence of Maternal Obesity on Pregnancy Complications and Neonatal Outcomes in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Timur ◽  
Hakan Timur ◽  
Aytekin Tokmak ◽  
Hatice Isik ◽  
Elif Eyi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic women. Materials and Methods This retrospective case control study was conducted on 1193 pregnant women and their neonates at a tertiary level maternity hospital between March 2007 and 2011. The pregnant women were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of diabetes mellitus. Six hundred and seven patients with gestational diabetes or pregestational diabetes formed the diabetic group (study group) and 586 patients were in the nondiabetic group (control group). Demographic characteristics, body mass index, gestational weight gain, obstetric history, smoking status, type of delivery, gestational ages, pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes were recorded for each patient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of obesity and diabetes on the pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. Results The mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass indices of women with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than the control groupʼs (p < 0.001). Gestational weight gain and number of smokers were similar among the groups. Multiparity and obesity were more prevalent in the diabetic group compared to controls (both p < 0.001). Although gestational age at birth was earlier in the diabetic group, birth weights were higher in this group than in the control group (both p < 0.001). Cesarean delivery rates, the incidence of macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission rates were significantly higher in the diabetes group both with normal and increased body mass index (all p < 0.001). However, adverse pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the groups (p = 0.279). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obesity is a significant risk factor for pregnancy complications (OR = 1.772 [95% CI, 1.283 – 2.449], p = 0.001) but not for adverse neonatal outcomes (OR = 1.068 [95% CI, 0.683 – 1.669], p = 0.773). Conclusion While obesity increases risk of developing a pregnancy complication, diabetes worsens neonatal outcomes.

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