scholarly journals Effects of the Timing and the Number of Sprays on Cotton Yields in Sind: An Exploratory Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complementary Inputs

Plant protection measures for a weather-sensitive crop like cotton can make a difference between its actual and normal yields. Since in the cotton-growing areas of Pakistan, small variations are observed in the use of complementary inputs like fertilizer, seeds, irrigation and cultural practices, the timing of application and the quality and amount of pesticides assume crucial importance in determining cotton yields, In Pakistan, quality data relating to pesticide use are almost non-existent because of the absence of organized and coordinated research on pest management. As a result, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to test models of pest-crop environment and to derive optimal pesticide dosage response, incorporating pest damage and pest kill functions. Furthermore, a survey of literature available in Pakistan reveals that whereas studies under controlled experiments on the biological aspects of the use of pesticide have been frequent [I; 2; 3; 4}, few studies exist on the economics of pesticide applications as observed from the farmer's land. This paper, therefore, adopts an exploratory method for assessing the usefulness of the application of pesticide to cotton crop in Sind.• By applying simple statistical techniques to farm level data, we try to answer some key questions. Is the timing or number of sprays more important in explaining the variation in yields? Is the interaction of these two factors a significant source of explained variation?

scholarly journals Adoption of Recommended Plant Protection Measures for the Management of Major Coconut Pests by Coconut Growers in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
W.G. Ruvani Subhathma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Coconut Mite ◽  
Two Factors

Coconut production in Sri Lanka is threatened by pest and diseases. Therefore, different remedial measures have been introduced by Coconut Research Institute (CRI) to safeguard the plantations. This study was carried out to determine the adoption of recommended plant protection measures to manage major pests of coconut by the growers in different land categories. The growers were selected from Kurunegala district, which is the major coconut growing district in coconut triangle in Sri Lanka. Findings of the study revealed that more than 70 percent of the growers in all land categories above 2Ac had adopted technologies recommended by CRI to control black beetle. Technology adoption was around 60 percent for red weevil control, around 30 percent for coconut mite and around 65 percent for plesispa beetle. It was also noted that the decision making on the adoption of different technologies is affected by the perceptions of the growers. Growers’ perception was determined by two factors, information receiving sources and occurrence of pest attacks in their fields. Further, it was found that the growers are having limited access to latest technologies in pest control. In addition, the study revealed that unawareness of technologies and low attention for coconut farming was the two major reasons for poor adoption of the recommended technologies. It is concluded that coconut growers in Kurunegala district require more awareness regarding recommended plant protection measures to manage major coconut pests and strengthen extension programes.     

​Factors Affecting Production of Important Pulse Crops in Rajasthan: A Cobb Douglas Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Girdhari lal Meena ◽  
Jitendra Suman ◽  
Sharad Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Pulses are one of the most important food crops grown globally owed to their higher protein content. It also accounts for larger financial gains of the agricultural sector by amounting for a large part of the exports. The present study was carried out to determine the factors affecting production of pulse crops in Rajasthan. Methods: This paper based on secondary data collected over the years i.e. from 2000-01 to 2017-18. The Cobb-douglas production function was used to the observation for the estimation of elasticity of selected variables contributing to the production of pulses in Rajasthan state, Cobb douglas type production function was employed to assess the effects of seed, fertilizer, manure, human labour, irrigation, bullock labour and plant protection measures on pulses production. Result: The results from the study have shown that fertilizer and plant protection measures were positively significant while the variable corresponding to irrigation water was negatively significantly affecting the gram production. The variables such as seed and irrigation water were found positive and significant, while plant protection measures had significant negative effect on black gram production. Only two variables namely, fertilizer and irrigation water were found positively significant out of estimating production function of green gram.

Assessment of IPM module against pod borer complex in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Nath ◽  
S.K. Kannaujia ◽  
S.P. Sonkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
On Farm

On-farm testing of IPM module in pigeon pea against pod borer complex was carried out on farmers’ field of two villages of district Jaunpur by KVK Jaunpur- 1 during 2018 and 2019 with three components viz., IPM module, farmers’ practice, and untreated check without plant protection measures. The IPM interventions viz., growing pod borer tolerant variety, two rows of maize as a border crop, installation of pheromone traps and bird perches with the application of botanical based insecticide azadirachtin 1% at the vegetative stage as an oviposition deterrence, application of chlorantraniliprole, and flubendiamide at critical stages of pod borer appearance during bud initiation and flowering stages. The reduction in the larval population and pod damage in IPM treated plots resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (1525 kg/ha) followed by farmers’ practice (1195 kg/ha) and in untreated check (857 kg/ha) The increase in grain yield was due to an additional investment of Rs.4100/-ha towards IPM module and farmers’ practice (Rs.2600/-ha). The excess expenditure incurred resulted in the highest net return of Rs.47550/-ha in the IPM module as compared to farmers' practice and in untreated check resulted in the lowest net return of Rs.18250/-ha.

Accessibility and frequency of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) usages by Haryana Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rupender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Chahal ◽  
Mukesh Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
E Mail

The study was carried out in four district of Haryana state namely Yamunanagar, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad, selected randomly. In total 240 respondents from 16 village were selected for analysis of Accessibility and frequency of ICT. Availability of mobile among the farmers was high followed by television, FM/Radio, internet accessed WhatsApp; face book; YouTube; E-mail, camera enabled mobile phone, Computer, , E-book and CD/VCD were found available and accessed by the farmers. Frequent use of mobile phone by farmers was found followed by TV, FM/Radio, internet, WhatsApp; Mobile phone, face book, YouTube, Computer, E-mail, E-book and CD/VCD. Farmers use of ICTs for the Variety of purpose included marketing, schedule of water supply, supportive facts, plant protection measures, marketing of dairy product, health care practices, management practices, breeding and reproduction practices. Variables education, socio-economic status, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, economic motivation and risk orientation exhibited positive and significant whereas age exhibited negative significant with number of ICTs usage by farmers.

scholarly journals CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection: A Systematic Literature Review

Signals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-819
Author(s):  
Nabin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Defense In Depth

As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level. To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs. From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN Trichoderma Koningii PADA PERKECAMBAHAN SIRSAK (Annona muricata linn)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Erida Derita Dalame ◽  
Bertje Richard Albert Sumayku ◽  
Jeany Polii - Mandang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Two Factors

This study aims to determine the dose of Trichoderma koningii which can induce soursop germination; know the best soaking time that can affect the induction of soursop germination; to know the interaction between soaking time and Trichoderma koningii dose on soursop germination. This research was conducted in April - June 2019 at the Green House of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. The material used in this study was soursop seed obtained from Lota Village, Pineleng Tomohon Subdistrict, Trichoderma koningii with 106 solids obtained from the North Sulawesi Province Plant Protection Center Collection, Aquadest, 70% Alcohol, 80% Acetone, sandalready sifter and sterilized. This research was arranged in factorial with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely 5 treatments of Trichoderma koningii dose and 4 immersion treatments repeated three times (3x) so that a total of 60 treatment units. Each treatment unituses 10 seeds. The results of this study indicated that the dose of Trichoderma koninggi 200 g without soaking can increase the germination power by 86.67% and the vigor index by 32.96%; Immersion with Koninggi Trichoderma suspension has not been able to induce soursop seed germination rate; Theinteraction between Trichoderma koningii dose and soaking time did not affect the speed of soursop seed germination.*eprm*

scholarly journals Species composition of harmful entomocomplex in peach orchards of Southern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Iryna Yudytska ◽  
Yurii Klechkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Tree Development

Studies of the dynamics of changes in the species composition of pests in fruit orchards in the context of climate change became especially relevant. Monitoring of phytophagous insects in gardens with the isolation of dominant species is a key component for building an effective system of protection of perennial plantings. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenko IS NAAS. The purpose of the study was to establish the species composition of phytophages and the level of their colonisation of peach orchards to optimise measures to protect this crop from pest damage. Conducting route and detailed surveys in different phases of tree development (swelling of buds, pink bud, flowering, end of flowering, forming, growth and ripening of fruits) showed that the entomocenosis of peach orchards consisted of 15 species of phytophagous insects belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 2 species of mites. The species composition and level of pest colonisation of peach orchards changed under the influence of weather conditions and protection measures. Lepidoptera insects were represented by 7 species of pests, among which the main carpophages were Grapholitha molesta Busck., to a lesser extent Anarsia lineatella. The attack density of these pests each year was at a high and medium level, respectively. Throughout all the years of study most harmful of insects from the order Coleoptera was polyphagous Epicometis hirta. The main Homoptera pest in 2018 was Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst., while the prevalence of other catfacing insects was weak. During the vegetation periods of 2019-2020 the development of insects such as aphids and increase in the colonisation of leaves by mites, Thrips fuscipennis Haliche and Typhlocyba rosae L. was recorded in peach orchards

scholarly journals Influence of the tillage method on the development of leaf diseases of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
K. E. Gasiyan ◽  
A. V. Ponomarev ◽  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
S. I. Novoseletsky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Experimental Plots

To carry out effective plant protection measures, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the quality of the crop. The aim of our research was to study the degree of development of leaf diseases of winter wheat and the rate of infestation of crops, depending on the tillage method. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental plots of “Kuban educational farm” in Krasnodar. For the research, four experimental plots with Steppe variety of soft winter wheat were created, where various soil cultivation systems were applied: 1 - No-Till (zero technology), 2 - moldboard-free technology, 3 - recommended, 4 - moldboard technology. The article presents data on the degree of development of diseases and the degree of infestation of winter wheat plants in the crops of test plots with various tillage systems. It was found that the most preferable is the use of the recommended type of treatment, since with it the least number of diseases develops and the degree of development of pathogens is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with other options. The influence of the tillage method on the number and composition of phytopathogen spores was revealed.

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