scholarly journals Determination of river flow under the conditions of lack of hydrological data on the example of hydroelectric power chain on the river Mtkvari

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Khatia Chokheli ◽  
◽  
Grigol Khelidze ◽  
Teimuraz Arshba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses a method for determining water discharge at intake points under the conditions of lack of hydrological data. As an example is given the calculation of the river flow at intake points of the hydroelectric power chain cascade on the river Mtkvari (Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP). The data taken from the hydrological stations of ,,Likani,, and „Tbilisi“ are multiplied by the adaptation coefficient, which is obtained by dividing catchment areas of Chitakhevi HPP ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. The method allows to receive continuous average monthly and annual water discharge at the intake points of Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP, instead of incomplete hydrological data. Additionally, the impact of Zhinvali reservoir is taken into account in the calculation of river flow at intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Also its effect on natural water inflow of river Mtkvari is established. The calculation results show that since of the operation of Zhinvali HPP the average annual water inflow of the river Mtkvari is decreased by 10% at the intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Using the calculation results it is possible to determine the river flow for existing and planned HPPs on the section of Chitakhevi-Ortachala. The method also helps to determine the design parameters of these HPPs more accurately that is important for effective and safe operation of HPPs on the river Mtkvari during different levels of water flow.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE CRITICAL CUTTING SPEED OF THE MECHANISM FOR FORMING AND TRIMMING THE FALSE EDGE OF THE DORNIER RAPIER LOOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Svitlana V. Bukina ◽  
Tatiana A. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Rational Design Parameters ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a method for determining the critical cutting speed of the threads of the false edge of the edge-forming mechanism of the weaving rapier machine. The proposed calculation method takes into account the impact nature of the cutting process at a critical speed, which allows taking into account the mutual influence of the parameters of the working process and more fully assess the mechanics of this process, in which the intensity of the cutting force and the value of the contact stress take the maximum value. The paper calculates the critical cutting speed for some of the main types of threads used and the parameters of the knife blade. The presented calculation results can be used to select rational design parameters of the knife blade, depending on the type of processed threads, when designing and researching new edge-forming mechanisms on looms.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ф.А Иманов ◽  
Г.И. Кордзахия ◽  
И.С Алиева
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Artem Iukhno ◽  
Tatiana Yakovleva ◽  
Yaroslav Kobears
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered. 

scholarly journals Potential impact of small hydroelectric power plants on river biota: a case study on macroinvertebrates associated to basaltic knickzones

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. C. Ruocco ◽  
J. L. Portinho ◽  
M. G. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Original Rock ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Small hydroelectric power plants (SHP) have been considered as an alternative for the generation of electricity with reduced environmental impacts. Nevertheless, no studies have addressed changes in a particular kind of river macrohabitat commonly affected by SHPs, the knickzones. This study aimed to assess the impact of a SHP construction on the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna associated with two basaltic knickzones located in Sapucaí-Mirim River, Southeast Brazil. The first, considered as a functional knickzone, follows the natural dynamics of the river flow and preserves the original rock substrate. The second, considered as non-functional knickzone, was permanently flooded after the SHP construction and the consolidated rock substrate was changed by fine sediment. Sampling was carried out in two seasonal periods and the data were analysed through multivariate analysis. It was observed differences in composition and structure of the macroinvertebrates community between the knickzones and periods. The functional knickzone exhibited a much higher richness, 72 taxa compared to 44 in the non-functional, as well as a large number of exclusive taxa (38, being only nine exclusive to the non-functional). Diversity, equitability and density mean values were also higher in the functional knickzone. The limnological parameters varied significantly between dry and rainy seasons but not between the distinct knickzones. This kind of macrohabitats and its potential role for the rivers biodiversity is practically unknown. In the scenery of fast SHP expansion, further studies and protection measures are necessary.

QARABAĞ ÇAYLARININ SU EHTİYATLARI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
R.A. İsmayılov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Average Observation ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

Abstract. Karabakh is one of the main regions in Azerbaijan where local water resources are formed. The article calculated the water resources of the area using the data of hydrological observation stations operating on the Karabakh rivers before the occupation. For research and analysis of average annual water discharge, multiyear observation data of hydrological stations operating on the Karabakh rivers were collected and integrated into the SpSS Statistics program. For the study multi-year average observation data of 32 hydrological stations in 20 rivers were collected. In order to determine the exact location of the hydrological stations operating in the area, a map was compiled using the Geographic Information System with reference to the fund and archive materials. In addition, hydrological zoning of the flow was carried out depending on the orographic features of Karabakh. During the analysis, two hydrological regions were identified. The first hydrological region is the Tartarchay-Guruchay hydrological region, and the second region is hakari-Oлchuchay hydrological region. As a result of the study, it was determined that the water resources of the Karabakh rivers are 1.64 km3 , which is 5.31% of the total water resources of Azerbaijan. During the implementation of water management measures in the area, in order to ensure the water security of the area, the resource potential of atmospheric precipitation and river flow for the area was analyzed and maps were compiled. Keywords: Karabakh rivers, hydrological station, water catchment area, water resources, water balance, hydrological zoning

scholarly journals MULTIVARIATE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL MODULES IN THE PRIPYAT BASIN RIVERS (UKRAINE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V.O. Korniienko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

The importance of assessing hydropower resources in recent years determines the study of the quantitative characteristics of river hydropower. Interesting and at the same time important for understanding the assessment of hydropower potential and its module is a multivariate analysis of the determining factors that determine their magnitude. This approach makes it possible to establish the impact and assess the possible relationship between natural and anthropogenic indicators on its formation. It is especially important to establish the factors that determine the magnitude of the modulus of the hydropower potential, an indicator by which it is possible to reflect the total hydropower of rivers in a spatial context. Since the magnitude of the hydropower potential and its modulus is influenced by numerous factors that may be weakly interdependent, it was decided to apply multivariate analysis to establish the most significant indicators using factor analysis. Studies have shown that hydropower, runoff indicators, catchment area, indicators of erosional activity of the catchment, and indicators of the river’s slope exert the greatest influence on the magnitude of the modules of the hydropower potential. The indicators of plowing, forest cover, and regulation indirectly affect the magnitude of the modulus of the total hydropower potential. In the course of the study, the dependences of the hydropower potential on the catchment area and the average annual water discharge, the module of the hydropower potential and the indicator of the depth of the erosional incision of the rivers were built. The connections are characterized by good degrees of correlation and can be used to calculate the magnitude of hydropower in rivers for which there are no or insufficient input data. In a conclusion, the use of factor analysis made it possible to establish a relationship between all 15 factors, according to 26 hydrological stations, and to identify the main determining factors influencing the formation and spatial distribution of the total hydropower potential module for the Pripyat basin rivers within Ukraine. According to the results of the calculation by the method of factor analysis, five main groups of factors with the corresponding factor load. The first two groups of factors accounted for more than 80% of the total variance of the distribution.

scholarly journals HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER RUNOFF IN GEOECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SURFACE WATER IN THE SLAVSKY DISTRICT, KALININGRAD REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

An important issue in geoecological studies of watercourses can be considered the presence of integral and continuous hydrological series. On their basis, most of the hydrological calculations and structures are made, without which high-quality and rational water use is impossible. Unfortunately, in the Kaliningrad region, there are a number of difficulties with obtaining a complete set of recorded results of hydrological monitoring carried out over watercourses. The aim of the work was to collect hydrological information and calculate the main hydrological characteristics of the river flow of some watercourses in the Slavsky region. All the available data on hydrometric observations of the rivers of the considered territory were collected, on the basis of which hydrological series of average annual discharges were compiled. These rivers are: Zlaya, Osa, Matrosovka and Nemoninka. The missing data in the hydrological series of the average annual water discharge of the rivers under consideration were restored. The curves of the provision of average annual expenditures have been built according to the reconstructed data, and the average long-term expenditures, coefficients of variation and coefficients of asymmetry of the studied water bodies have been calculated. The entire methodology was based on the current set of rules for hydrological calculations. The results obtained can play an important role in further geoecological studies of watercourses in the Slavsk region, planning their use and in various project activities to develop water use.

scholarly journals SPATIAL REGULARITIES OF CHANGE IN AVERAGE ANNUAL WATER FLOW OF RIVERs OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 06-14
Author(s):  
O.I. Lukianets ◽  
◽  
O.G. Obodovskyi ◽  
V.V. Grebin ◽  
O.O. Pochaievets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Annual Water

One of the most important ways of broad territorial generalization of hydrological characteristics is isoline maps, which are used in the calculation of average annual, seasonal, maximum and minimum water runoff, sediment runoff, in assessing water resources or water balance of the studied areas and so on. The purpose of this study is to construct with the help of GIS analytical functions a map of isolines of the average annual water runoff of rivers of Ukraine and analysis of spatial patterns of its changes. For this purpose, a bank of average annual water discharge was established from the beginning of observations up to and including 2015, from 389 hydrological posts located in Ukraine and abroad (Belarus, the Russian Federation, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania). The map created according to modern data is of great practical importance for various types of water management design: development of a strategy for the rational use and protection of water resources, planning and implementation of water management measures, optimal regulation of river flow, assessment of hydropower potential of rivers and so on.

DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION of MOBILE HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanovich Derevyagin ◽  
Igor Valeryevich Zagozin
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The review of the operation, design, and operation features of the mini-hydro power plant that can provide electricity to a private household or a separate private house. A project has been developed to supply the private sector with electricity from a mobile hydroelectric power station. To accommodate the hydropower plant, it was decided to install the DN500 pipeline. The selected water flow rate and the difference in the location of the channel and the location of the turbine installation allow you to provide the required power.The novelty of the work consists of electrifying a private economy using a mobile hydroelectric power station and establishing the advantages and disadvantages of this solution with an assessment of the impact of all design parameters on the output parameters.The research results can be applied for the manufacture of the mobile hydroelectric power station to their usage in the peasant farms, to save electricity, as well as in the development of experimental-industrial samples of electrical installations for various purposes.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change and the Need to Define an Efficient Operating Methodology for Nangbéto Dam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
M. Medewou ◽  
K. Klassou ◽  
P. Chetangny
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Current Operator ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydrological Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is a major threat to industrial development because of its adverse effects on the energy sector, especially hydroelectric power plants. This paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of climate change on the Mono River basin and the implications for the electricity production of Nangbéto Hydroelectric Power Plant. The approach consisted of combining historical hydrological data and physical, technical, and economic information to analyze the extent to which variations in average rainfall and global warming impacted the operation of the Nangbéto Hydroelectric Power plant. Based on the curves obtained, the impacts of climate change on the Mono River and on the operation of the Nangbéto Power Plant were recorded. Also, the management of the Nangbéto dam water retainer by the current operator was analyzed to highlight the strengths relating to the optimization of electricity production and the economic profitability of the plant. Keywords: Climate change, hydropower plant, optimization, hydrological data.

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