scholarly journals Land Drainage Development Processes and Changes in the Context of Runoff Change in Northern Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Stankevičienė ◽  
Oksana Survilė
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Annual Runoff Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drainage Development

The impact of the drainage of excessively wet land on river runoff has so far been assessed differently and very carefully because of its complexity and diversity. The article analyses changes of drained land areas and runoff in the river basins of Mūša, Lėvuo Tatula and Nemunėlis. Wet land areas in the Mūša, Lėvuo and Nemunėlis rivers basins account for more than 70% from the total basins area and in the Tatula about 90%. Increase of drained land areas in the studied river basins has no significant influence on the change of river runoff. Studies have shown that the change in drained land areas did not affect the change in runoff height. Drainage does not have a significant effect on changes in the annual runoff distribution of the studied rivers.

scholarly journals Impact of urbanized landscapes on the river flow in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
N. I. Koronkevich ◽  
K. S. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Flow ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moscow River

Global urban landscapes were growing rapidly during last decades. The impact of this growth on annual river runoff of foreign European and Russian river basins was shown in this article. Calculations for Moscow river basin were taken as a basis for computations. The performed calculations show, that 1% of urbanization area increase also enhances total river runoff at 1%. At the same time 1% growth of watertight territories (included in urbanized landscapes) leads to an increase in runoff by 2–3%. The growth of urbanized areas led to a smaller increase in runoff (2–3 times) in the past (in comparison with current period) due to a less established system of diversion from urbanized landscapes. Calculations were made for Spree, Thames, Seine river basins in comparison Moscow River basin. Impact of capitals landscapes (Berlin, London, Paris, and Moscow) on river runoff was estimated initially, and then the influence of other urbanized areas located in river basins. As a result, the general influence of all urbanized territories was defined. According to results of conducted calculations, modern urbanized areas led to an increase of annual river runoff by more than 9% in Spree river basin, more than 20% of the Thames, over 11% of the Seine and 10% in the basin of Moscow River in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation (from the end of 19th century till the beginning of the 1960s of the 20th century). According to the results of conducted calculations, modern total annual runoff increase is 2.2–4.5% for Europe and 0.2–0.3% for the Russian Federation in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation, and in relation to the runoff from the most populated their parts is 3.5-6.9% and 1-2%, respectively. In addition, it can be expressed in km3 with following values: 44.9–89.8 (for foreign Europe) and 7.2–14.3 (for the Russian Federation). For the whole Europe (including European territory of Russia), the runoff increases by 50–100 km3 (or by 2–4%) per year. Actually, this is not so much in percentage terms, though in terms of volume – these values are close to annual runoff of such river as Neva.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF RIVER BASINS AND SOIL COMPOSITION AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF THE STREAMFLOW OF THE TERRITORY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DEBED RIVER BASIN)

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. G. Margaryan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Annual Runoff Distribution ◽  
Hydrogeological Structure

The regularities of the spatial distribution of the river runoff of the Debed basin, the features of the water regime and the intra-annual runoff distribution caused by the geological and hydrogeological structure of the region and composition of soil were discussed and analyzed. Discussed some issues of regulation and management of river runoff associated with the feature of the geological and hydrogeological structure of the river basin and the composition of soil.

scholarly journals Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219-4231
Author(s):  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Lüliu Liu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Ying Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Southern China ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Seasonal Runoff

Abstract. To quantify climate change impact and difference on basin-scale river runoff under the limiting global warming thresholds of 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C, this study examined four river basins covering a wide hydroclimatic setting. We analyzed projected climate change in four basins, quantified climate change impact on annual and seasonal runoff based on the Soil Water Assessment Tool, and estimated the uncertainty constrained by the global circulation model (GCM) structure and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). All statistics for the two river basins (the Shiyang River, SYR, and the Chaobai River, CBR) located in northern China indicated generally warmer and wetter conditions, whereas the two river basins (the Huaihe River, HHR, and the Fujiang River, FJR) located in southern China projected less warming and were inconsistent regarding annual precipitation change. The simulated changes in annual runoff were complex; however, there was no shift in seasonal runoff pattern. The 0.5 ∘C global warming difference resulted in 0.7 and 0.6 ∘C warming in basins in northern and southern China, respectively. This led to a projected precipitation increase by about 2 % for the four basins and to a decrease in simulated annual runoff of 8 % and 1 % in the SYR and the HHR, respectively, but to an increase of 4 % in the CBR and the FJR. The uncertainty in projected annual temperature was dominated by the GCMs or the RCPs; however, that of precipitation was constrained mainly by the GCMs. The 0.5 ∘C difference decreased the uncertainty in the annual precipitation projection and the annual and monthly runoff simulation.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Ф.А Иманов ◽  
Г.И. Кордзахия ◽  
И.С Алиева
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

scholarly journals Elevation-dependent compensation effects in snowmelt in the Rhine River Basin upstream gauge Basel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Rottler ◽  
Klaus Vormoor ◽  
Till Francke ◽  
Michael Warscher ◽  
Ulrich Strasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In snow-dominated river basins, floods often occur during early summer, when snowmelt-induced runoff superimposes with rainfall-induced runoff. An earlier onset of seasonal snowmelt as a consequence of a warming climate is often expected to shift snowmelt contribution to river runoff and potential flooding to an earlier date. Against this background, we assess the impact of rising temperatures on seasonal snowpacks and quantify changes in timing, magnitude and elevation of snowmelt. We analyse in situ snow measurements, conduct snow simulations and examine changes in river runoff at key gauging stations. With regard to snowmelt, we detect a threefold effect of rising temperatures: snowmelt becomes weaker, occurs earlier and forms at higher elevations. Due to the wide range of elevations in the catchment, snowmelt does not occur simultaneously at all elevations. Results indicate that elevation bands melt together in blocks. We hypothesise that in a warmer world with similar sequences of weather conditions, snowmelt is moved upward to higher elevation. The movement upward the elevation range makes snowmelt in individual elevation bands occur earlier, although the timing of the snowmelt-induced runoff stays the same. Meltwater from higher elevations, at least partly, replaces meltwater from elevations below.

scholarly journals Changes of total annual runoff distribution, high and low discharges in Latvian rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elga Apsīte ◽  
Anda Bakute ◽  
Ilze Rudlapa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Annual Runoff Distribution

Changes of total annual runoff distribution, high and low discharges in Latvian rivers The paper examines climate change impacts on the hydrological regime of nineteen different river basins in Latvia. Hydrological data series for the period of 1951-2006 were analysed for river basins of four hydrological districts: Western, Central, Northern and Eastern. Climate change has influenced the temporal and spatial distribution of total annual river runoff and high and low flows in Latvia at the turn of century. The results confirm the hypothesis that the main tendency in the run-off change is a decrease in spring floods and increase in winter. Generally, statistically insignificant long-term trends were observed for summer and autumn.

scholarly journals Impact of possible climate changes on river runoff under different natural conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeugeniy M. Gusev ◽  
Olga N. Nasonova ◽  
Evgeny E. Kovalev ◽  
Georgy V. Ayzel
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Rcp Scenarios

Abstract. The present study was carried out within the framework of the International Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) for 11 large river basins located in different continents of the globe under a wide variety of natural conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate possible changes in various characteristics of annual river runoff (mean values, standard deviations, frequency of extreme annual runoff) up to 2100 on the basis of application of the land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated by five General Circulation Models (GCMs) according to four RCP scenarios. Analysis of the obtained results has shown that changes in climatic runoff are different (both in magnitude and sign) for the river basins located in different regions of the planet due to differences in natural (primarily climatic) conditions. The climatic elasticities of river runoff to changes in air temperature and precipitation were estimated that makes it possible, as the first approximation, to project changes in climatic values of annual runoff, using the projected changes in mean annual air temperature and annual precipitation for the river basins. It was found that for most rivers under study, the frequency of occurrence of extreme runoff values increases. This is true both for extremely high runoff (when the projected climatic runoff increases) and for extremely low values (when the projected climatic runoff decreases).

scholarly journals Dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change at catchments scale over China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 12911-12945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Huang ◽  
H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Climate Elasticity ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. With global climate changes intensifying, the hydrological response to climate changes has attracted more attentions. It is beneficial not only for hydrology and ecology but also for water resources planning and management to reveal the impacts of climate change on runoff. It is of great significance of climate elasticity of runoff to estimate the impacts of climatic factors on runoff. In addition, there are large spatial variations in climate type and geography characteristics over China. To get a better understanding the spatial variation of runoff response to climate variables change and detect the dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change, we chose the climate elasticity method proposed by Yang and Yang (2011), where the impact of the catchment characteristics on runoff was represented by a parameter n. The results show that the dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff is precipitation in the most part of China, net radiation in the lower reach of Yangtze River Basin, the Pearl River Basin, the Huai River Basin and the southeast area, and wind speed in part of the northeast China.

The Phenomenon of General Spread of Poly-Modality of the Distribution Laws Annual Rivers Runoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2312-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav A. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
The Future ◽  
Distribution Laws ◽  
Annual Runoff Distribution ◽  
Future Theory

Based on the polymodality criterion, the laws of the annual rivers runoff were studied. It is shown that they are polymodal and this polymodality is of general occurrence. At that, there are no single-mode and two-mode laws of the river runoff distribution in nature. The 3-mode and 4-mode laws are the most commonly encountered. It is shown that the annual runoff is also a random discontinuous value. The values of discontinuous occurrences are presented which can provide the basis for the future theory of creation of polymodal laws of the annual runoff distribution.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

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