MULTIVARIATE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL MODULES IN THE PRIPYAT BASIN RIVERS (UKRAINE)

The importance of assessing hydropower resources in recent years determines the study of the quantitative characteristics of river hydropower. Interesting and at the same time important for understanding the assessment of hydropower potential and its module is a multivariate analysis of the determining factors that determine their magnitude. This approach makes it possible to establish the impact and assess the possible relationship between natural and anthropogenic indicators on its formation. It is especially important to establish the factors that determine the magnitude of the modulus of the hydropower potential, an indicator by which it is possible to reflect the total hydropower of rivers in a spatial context. Since the magnitude of the hydropower potential and its modulus is influenced by numerous factors that may be weakly interdependent, it was decided to apply multivariate analysis to establish the most significant indicators using factor analysis. Studies have shown that hydropower, runoff indicators, catchment area, indicators of erosional activity of the catchment, and indicators of the river’s slope exert the greatest influence on the magnitude of the modules of the hydropower potential. The indicators of plowing, forest cover, and regulation indirectly affect the magnitude of the modulus of the total hydropower potential. In the course of the study, the dependences of the hydropower potential on the catchment area and the average annual water discharge, the module of the hydropower potential and the indicator of the depth of the erosional incision of the rivers were built. The connections are characterized by good degrees of correlation and can be used to calculate the magnitude of hydropower in rivers for which there are no or insufficient input data. In a conclusion, the use of factor analysis made it possible to establish a relationship between all 15 factors, according to 26 hydrological stations, and to identify the main determining factors influencing the formation and spatial distribution of the total hydropower potential module for the Pripyat basin rivers within Ukraine. According to the results of the calculation by the method of factor analysis, five main groups of factors with the corresponding factor load. The first two groups of factors accounted for more than 80% of the total variance of the distribution.

Effects of catchment area forestation on the temperature of river waters

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2017-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariusz Ptak

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

River Waters ◽

Daily Water ◽

The Mean ◽

Annual Water ◽

Abstract The objective of this paper was to analyse the effects of catchment area forestation on the temperature of river waters. Two rivers, Czerna Wielka and Szprotawa, were covered in this research project and both are located in south-west Poland, running through the largest compact forest complex in the country, Bory Dolnośląskie. Both of the rivers are located within the same climatic region, and are similar in terms of their hydrology. Land use in the catchment area however is very diverse with 71.6% forest cover in the case of the Czerna Wielka River and direct contact of the forest with the river occurs over 68.3% of its length. For the Szprotawa River, the indices amount to only 39.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Data on the daily water temperatures for both of the rivers were obtained from the Hydrological Yearbooks of Surface Waters for the period 1969–1983. The mean annual water temperature in the analysed period in the case of the Czerna Wielka River amounted to 8.0°C, and in the case of the Szprotawa River it equalled 9.2°C. During the cooler half of the year (November-April), the mean water temperature for the entire examined period amounted to 3.8°C for Czerna Wielka, and 3.6°C for Szprotawa. Higher variability was recorded for the warmer seasons (May-October), where mean temperatures amounted to 12.1°C and 14.7°C, respectively. The obtained results concur with other similar research conducted around the world, and in the context of climate change are of practical value. The important role of forests in the moderation of thermal conditions is evidently unquestionable. Therefore, minimising the impact of unfavourable climatic changes on river ecosystems and their surroundings requires striving for appropriate forest management in the near-bank (buffer) zone along banks of both larger rivers and their tributaries

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГОДОВОГО СТОКА РЕКИ АЛАЗАНИ (ГАНЫХ)

“Water Problems: science and technologies” ◽

10.30546/wtst.2020.1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-19

Author(s):

Ф.А Иманов ◽

Г.И. Кордзахия ◽

И.С Алиева

Keyword(s):

Water Discharge ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Transboundary River ◽

Runoff Change ◽

Annual Water ◽

Annual Water Discharge ◽

Abstract. The analysis of spatial and temporal regularities of the annual runoff of the transboundary river Alazani (Ganikh), which flows through the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, has been carried out. The series on the average annual water discharge of 6 hydrological gauges for the period from 1925 to 2017/2019 was used. It was found that for the researched rivers, the fluctuations of the average annual water discharges are in phase, however, the absence of strict synchronicity in the fluctuations of the annual runoff leads to a decrease in the spatial correlation coefficients. In the studied series of river Alazani (Ganikh) both on the territory of Georgia and Azerbaijan, there is no trend; however, for a number of annual runoff of the Ayrichai River, the main tributary of the r. Alazani (Ganikh), a significant positive trend was revealed. It should be noted that the reason for the nonstationarity is the climate change, the impact of which on runoff has become noticeable in recent decades. It was found that the variance of the second half of the analyzed series increased. The annual runoff of the Alazani (Ganikh) River has changed very little over 1991-2017 / 2019 compared with the period 1961-1990. For the Ayrichai River, the second period is characterized by increased water content. Keywords: River Alazani (Ganikh), Annual runoff, Water discharge, Transboundary river, Runoff change.

SPATIAL-TIME VARIABILITY OF THE ILE RIVER RUNOFF UNDER CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY

Hydrometeorology and ecology ◽

10.54668/2789-6323-2021-101-2-40-51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 40-51

Author(s):

Zh.S. Mustafayev ◽

◽

A.T. Kozykeyeva ◽

L.M. Ryskulbekova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Temporal Scale ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Time Variability ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Annual Water ◽

To solve the problems of sustainable management of water resources in the catchment area of the Ili River basin, it is becoming demanded to study the dynamics of the average annual water discharge, taking into account anthropogenic activities, since their intensity is constantly growing. At the same time, the integral indicator of natural conditions in the catchment is the average annual water discharge of river basins, and the importance of this parameter lies in the fact that they can be considered as a function of the response to any changes in the catchment. In this regard, the analysis of changes in the average annual water discharge of the Ili River basin's catchment area was carried out on a spatio-temporal scale, where linear trends were used to assess and plot graphs, the method of multiple regression analysis and processing of time series were carried out on the basis of Microsoft Excel. Analysis of the dynamics of the average annual water discharge in the Ili River basin's catchment area on a spatio-temporal scale showed that, despite significant variability over the years, all studied hydrological stations are characterized by general patterns of changes in the hydrological regime under the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors.

annual (water) discharge

Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_12048 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 53-53

Keyword(s):

Water Discharge ◽

Annual Water ◽

SUSTAINABLE TRANSBOUNDARY HYDROPOWER SYSTEM ON DRINA RIVER AS SYNERGY OF WATER -FOOD-ENERGY-CLIMATE NEXUS

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen2102184s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Svetlana Stevović

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Food Production ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Power Plants ◽

Flood Control ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Food Energy ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

Holistic Research ◽

The Drina River has always been a source of drinking water and irrigation for food production, with all its tributaries and branching catchment area across the territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. It has connected peoples and cultures for centuries with its bridges. At the same time, with its great head, the Drina has always represented a significant hydropower potential. Throughout history, numerous watermills have been built on it. Currently, there are several constructed hydro-technical facilities on the Drina and in its catchment area. Among them, the most important are dams, with roads over them, associated hydroelectric power plants and belonging structures for flood control, water intakes for drinking water or irrigation. Due to multiple possible, almost always conflicting purposes, as well as several states, entities and other stakeholders, the management of Drina River water resources from the angle of the water-food-energy and climate nexus is an extremely complex problem. In addition to the impact on hydropower, agriculture, forestry, transport, irrigation and drainage, tourism and socio-cultural events, the construction of such strategic structures has also an impact on the climate of the Western Balkans. The issue of optimization within the nexus of the water-food-energy-climate requires holistic research to find synergistic solutions. These solutions are certainly a compromise. But inevitably, they must meet the criteria of sustainable development and the requirements of reducing global warming, according to the set conditions of the adopted European Green Plan for the Western Balkans. This paper proposes a methodology for finding optimal/compromise hydropower solutions, which synergistically include all parameters of influence. Holistic research of sustainable hydropower systems on the Drina River, from the angle of the water-food-energyclimate nexus, is presented. Particularly detailed analyses of the course of the river between the towns of Foča and Goražde, as well as the downstream part between Zvornik and mouth, known as the Lower Drina. In these sections, the most pronounced conflict is whether water will be used for drinking and/or food production and/or energy production and what impact possible solutions have on the climate of the region.

Characterization of Chyulu Hills Watershed Ecosystem Services in South-Eastern Kenya

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v6n3p65 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

John Warui Kiringe ◽

Francis Mwaura ◽

Fiesta Warinwa

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Water Source ◽

Water Volume ◽

Dry Land ◽

Shallow Wells ◽

Water Provision ◽

Annual Water ◽

Water is an important good provided by watersheds and is critical in sustaining life and socio-economic development. This study evaluated water provision in the Chyulu Hills watershed which is one of the important dry land water catchments in Kenya. Surface water discharge was mainly through rivers and springs with the latter being more prevalent than the former while ground water provision was primarily through boreholes and shallow wells. Springs discharged the highest water volume annually estimated at 128.14million m3 or 85.14% of all the water discharged in the watershed, with shallow wells and boreholes discharging the least water. For all the springs found in the watershed, Mzima springs discharged the highest water volume estimated at nearly 113.15 million m3 annually or 88.30% of the water produced by all the springs; and about 75.19% of the water in the entire watershed. Rivers which were active had a total water discharge of about 20.66million m3 per year, with Kibwezi River discharging 17.59 million m3 annually or 85.14% of all the water from rivers. Shallow wells were mainly prevalent at Nthongoni and the Makindu, and their annual water discharge was about 16.96million m3 per year with boreholes contributing 98.87% (approximately 16.76 million m3/yr.) of the ground water, and the rest (19,169.92m3/yr.) being contributed by shallow wells. The total amount of water discharged in the watershed by the combined water source types was about 150.49 million m3/yr.

Determination of river flow under the conditions of lack of hydrological data on the example of hydroelectric power chain on the river Mtkvari

Works of Georgian Technical University ◽

10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-113-121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 113-121

Author(s):

Khatia Chokheli ◽

◽

Grigol Khelidze ◽

Teimuraz Arshba ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Flow ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Water Inflow ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Hydroelectric Power ◽

Hydrological Data ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Annual Water ◽

The article discusses a method for determining water discharge at intake points under the conditions of lack of hydrological data. As an example is given the calculation of the river flow at intake points of the hydroelectric power chain cascade on the river Mtkvari (Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP). The data taken from the hydrological stations of ,,Likani,, and „Tbilisi“ are multiplied by the adaptation coefficient, which is obtained by dividing catchment areas of Chitakhevi HPP ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. The method allows to receive continuous average monthly and annual water discharge at the intake points of Chitakhevi HPP, ZAHPP, Ortachala HPP, instead of incomplete hydrological data. Additionally, the impact of Zhinvali reservoir is taken into account in the calculation of river flow at intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Also its effect on natural water inflow of river Mtkvari is established. The calculation results show that since of the operation of Zhinvali HPP the average annual water inflow of the river Mtkvari is decreased by 10% at the intake points of the ZAHPP and Ortachala HPP. Using the calculation results it is possible to determine the river flow for existing and planned HPPs on the section of Chitakhevi-Ortachala. The method also helps to determine the design parameters of these HPPs more accurately that is important for effective and safe operation of HPPs on the river Mtkvari during different levels of water flow.

Hydrological Regime of the River When Changing the Landscape Structure of the Catchment Area (by the Example of the River Goloustnaya)

The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University Series Earth Sciences ◽

10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

O. V. Gagarinova ◽

◽

D. E. Razdobarin ◽

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Landscape Structure ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Global Changes ◽

Groundwater Runoff ◽

Surface And Groundwater

The main features of the hydrological regime of the river are strategic regional characteristics. At the same time, a significant effect on surface and groundwater runoff, evaporation and transpiration determines the landscape of the transformation of atmospheric precipitation entering the drainage area, surface and groundwater runoff. The existing basin landscape structure has hydrological properties that change when structural components are disturbed. The article examines the relationship between the intra-annual regime of the river and changes in the landscape structure of the catchment area over ten years. An estimate of the size of landscape transformations is proposed based on data on global changes in forest cover in the world in the 21st century – high-resolution global maps of changes in forest cover in the 21st century. The analysis of the dynamics of characteristics of runoff, precipitation and area landscapes is carried out. The dependence of the hydrological regime of the river on the structural transformations of the drainage landscape was revealed for the phase of the upper rainfall runoff. An increase in water discharge in the river against the background of total precipitation was noted, which indicates a change in the landscape-hydrological properties of the catchment. As a result of the reduction in the areas of dark coniferous landscapes, which have significant runoff- regulating functions of the territory of the hydrological regime, the values and amplitudes of the rises of rain floods increase. Investigations of landscape-hydrological transformations of watersheds is an important direction in optimizing the use of natural resources in watersheds and minimizing the negative impact of natural waters.

Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Srepok watershed, Central Highland of Vietnam

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2017.135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 524-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽

Le Hoang Tu ◽

Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽

Duong Ngoc Minh ◽

Nguyen Duy Liem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Development ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

The Third ◽

Central Highland ◽

Annual Water ◽

Annual Water Discharge ◽

Second Period

The Srepok watershed in the Central Highland of Vietnam plays an important role in the economic development of the region. Any harmful effects of climate change on natural resources may cause difficulties for social and economic development in this area. The present study aims to predict and evaluate changes of water resources in the Srepok watershed under the impact of climate change scenarios by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. The study used observed weather data from 1990 to 2010 for the first period and climate change scenarios A1B and A2 from 2011 to 2039 for the second period and from 2040 to 2069 for the third period. According to the climate change scenarios of the studied watershed, future minimum and maximum daily average temperature will rise in all climate change scenarios and the amount of annual precipitation will fall in scenario A1B and go up in scenario A2. Based on the simulation results, the annual water discharge in scenario A1B decreased by 11.1% and 1.2% during the second and third periods, respectively, compared with the first. In scenario A2, annual water discharge increased by 2.4% during the second period but decreased by 1.8% during the third period.

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER

10.17770/etr2021vol1.6612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Artem Iukhno ◽

Tatiana Yakovleva ◽

Yaroslav Kobears

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Water Regime ◽

River Flow ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Sources Of Uncertainty ◽

Seasonal Factors ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Republic ◽

Annual Water ◽

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered.