scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity and Histological Evaluation of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Thaumatococcus Daniellii and Alchornea Cordifolia in Wistar Rat Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Service @ Ideasspread.org ◽  
Okafor I. J. ◽  
Nweke E. O. ◽  
Ewa O.
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Group I

This study was carried out to ascertain the hepatotoxic potential of T.daniellii (T.d) and A. cordifolia (A.c). Investigations were conducted using standard methods. Oral administration of 200mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts of T.daniellii caused a non-significant increase in the activity of ALT (5.43±0.60IU/L), AST (16.93±0.26 IU/L) and ALP (160.70±1.04 IU/L) compared to the values recorded on the normal control (group I) ALT (3.84±0.16 IU/L), AST (14.19±0.52 IU/L) and ALP (157.26±0.64 IU/L). Group III administered with 200mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of T. daniellii manifested a significant elevation in the activity of ALT (13.15±0.89 IU/L), AST (22.84±0.38 IU/L) and ALP (170.40±0.44 IU/L) compared to the normal control. Similarly, groups IV and V which were orally administered with 200mg/kg aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of A. cordifolia showed significant increase in the activity of ALT (6.32±0.33U/L), AST (17.70±0.030U/L) and ALP (161.13±0.09U/L) and ALT (7.55±0.59U/L), AST (19.35±0.26U/L) and ALP (165.38±0.35U/L) respectively compared to the values recorded on the control (group I). In conclusion, drug development protocols involving T. daniellii leaf should preferably use water as an ideal solvent. On the other hand, the hepatotocity associated with both aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. cordifolia could imply the presence of hepatotoxins in the leaf of the said plant.

scholarly journals HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF GINGER EXTRACT IN VANASPATI FED RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paul ◽  
M. K. Islam ◽  
A. Mustari ◽  
M. Z. I. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of ginger in vanaspati fed rats. A total of 18 rats of Long Evans strain weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to three groups: Group I, normal control; Group II, 5% vanaspati supplement and Group III, 5% vanaspati + ginger extract (300 mg/ 100ml/ kg b. wt./ day) orally. Serum lipid profile was measured at day 1st and day 49th. The administration of vanaspati augmented the total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides levels and decreased the HDL-C level significantly (p <0.05). Simultaneous administration of ginger extract significantly (p <0.05) prevented the rise in total cholesterol, LDL-C(bad cholesterol), triglycerides levels and rise HDL(good cholesterol). In histopathological study, no significant changes were found in the liver and aorta of all treated groups as compared with control group. It is concluded that ginger extract showed hypolipidemic effect in vanaspati supplemented rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15652

scholarly journals Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty ◽  
Melanie Rose D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p  < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p  < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum on Induced Urolithiaisis in Wistar Rats: Haemato-Biochemical Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval B. Patel ◽  
S. K. Raval ◽  
G. C. Mandali ◽  
A. C. Patel ◽  
A. M. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Solanum Xanthocarpum

The experiment was conducted on 90 adult healthy Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided in to 15 equal groups, each of 6 rats, and were kept in separate cages. Group I served as normal healthy control without any treatment, while Group II and III served as vehicle (bicarbonate) control and lithiatic control, respectively. In rats of Group III to IX urolithiasis was induced using 0.75 % (v/v) ethylene glycol and 2% (w/v) ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days. The rats of Group I, II, and X to XV were given pure wholesome water till 28 days. After 28th day, the rats of urolithiatic treatment Groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were given aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum @ 300 mg/kg bwt orally as either single extract or combination as biherbal extracts in 0.5 % sodium bicarbonate using syringe and rat lavage needle, and so also was done for rats of Group X to XV as extract control groups. Blood samples were collected twice: i.e. on day 28 of induction of urolithiasis and then on day 56 of experiment from all rats. No significant difference was observed in any of the haematological parameters and even in serum albumin and globulin levels before and after treatment in different groups. However, increased levels of serum BUN, uric acid and creatinine were observed in the urolithiatic groups as compared to the normal control group on 28th day. While serum total protein levels were decreased in the calculi induced groups as compared to the normal control group. However, co-treatment of aqueous or alcoholic extract of Bryophyllum calycinum and Solanum xanthocarpum significantly restored these changes by 56th day. The effect of biherbal alcoholic extract of the plants was much better in restoring the values and the levels came nearer to normal by 56th day of oral treatment proving nephroprotective effect of these extracts.

EVALUATION OF EX VIVO ANTICATARACT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS LEAVES ON DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED CATARACT BY USING ISOLATED GOAT LENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Bandaru ◽  
Ramu A ◽  
Vijetha P ◽  
Vidhyadhara S ◽  
Nandini P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Group I

Objective: To investigate the ex vivo anticataract activity of ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS) leaves on dexamethasone-induced cataract using isolated goat lens.Methods: Anticataract activity is done using isolated goat lens. Goat lens was divided into four groups. Group I: Lens was incubated in artificial aqueous humor (normal control). Group II: Lens was incubated with dexamethasone 10 mg (toxic control). Group III and IV: Lens was incubated with dexamethasone and EEAS (50 µg and 100 µg) and subjected to photographic evaluation for opacity; lens was homogenized using Tris-phosphate buffer, and sodium, potassium, total protein, and catalase concentrations were determined.Results: The grades of opacity were 0, 3, 1, and 1 in group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The present study showed higher total proteins (p<0.05 at all concentration) and K+  ions (p<0.05 at all concentration), whereas lower concentrations of Na+  ions (p<0.05 at all concentration) with EEAS-treated groups. The level of catalase was found to be less in experimentally induced cataract lenses as compared to normal control group. The lenses treated with EEAS showed a significant rise in enzyme level suggesting maintenance of antioxidant enzyme integrity.Conclusion: The present investigation suggests that EEAS leaves effectively prevent the cataractogenic condition. Thus, the goat lens model and dexamethasone-induced cataract model could be used for testing of various anticataract agents.Keywords: Cataract, Artificial aqueous humor, Lens, Dexamethasone, Alstonia scholaris. 

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEMATINIC ACTIVITY OF NAGA BHASMA IN PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANEMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADAV AV ◽  
UNDALE VR
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Spleen Enlargement

Objective: Bhasmas are biologically produced nanoparticles prescribed with several other medicines of Ayurveda. Metal-based drugs are prepared by transmutation of base metals into noble ones along with the use of plant extracts meant to eradicate the toxic effects of metal. Naga bhasma (NB) is one of such metallic preparation used in various diseases such as diarrhea, spleen enlargement, and diabetes. The present study aims to test the hematinic activity of NB against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anemia in rats. Methods: The experiment was carried on Wistar rats of either sex (150–200 g). Anemia was induced by an oral administration of PHZ 40 mg/kg for a period of 2 days. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured on the 3rd day. Rats with Hb <11 g/dl were selected for the study. The animals were divided into six groups containing six animals each. Group I served as normal control, Group II as anemic control, and Group III was considered as standard that received ferrous sulfate (100 mg/kg), while Groups IV, V, and VI were treated with test NB 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 15 days. Hb was checked on the 0, 2nd, 7th, and 15th days. Results: Oral administration of PHZ decreased Hb from 14 g/dl at day 0 to 11 g/dl at day 2. NB induced a significant increase in Hb concentration to 13 at the dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. after 48 h. Conclusion: PHZ decreased Hb rate inducing anemia. NB caused an increase in the Hb values in anemic rats. Thus, it can be concluded that NB exhibits significant hematinic activity in rats.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR SETELAH DIINDUKSI DENGAN ASPIRIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M Lintong ◽  
Lily L. Loho ◽  
Herman Anggran
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Normal Stomach

Abstract: Aspirin is one of the non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drugs. Its pharmacodynamic effects are as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and uricosuric agent. The side effects of aspirin are on the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, blood, metabolic processes, endocrine functions, pregnancy, hypersensitivity, and drug interaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macroscopic and microscopic features of wistar rat stomachs after the administration of aspirin. This was an experimental study, using nine wistar rats divided into three groups equally. Group I, the control group, was given a food pellet only. Group II was given the pellet, added with aspirin 21 mg daily for 10 days. Group I and Group II were terminated on day 11. Group III was given the pellet, added with aspirin 21 mg/day for 10 days, and was terminated on day 14. All the wistar rat stomachs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that the control group had a macroscopically normal stomach architecture, and the mucosa layers and rugae were intact and looked pinkish white. The groups treated with aspirin still showed normal stomach architecture, and the mucosa layers and rugae were intact but looked more palid than that of the control group. Microscopically, the stomach walls of the control group were normal, but groups treated with aspirin for 10 days revealed edema of the lamina propria, dilatation of capillaries; and predominantly neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria. Ceasing of aspirin administration showed a resolution of the inflammatory process, marked by diminished infiltration of PMN cells and tisuue edema. Conclusion: Aspirin treatment of 21 mg a day for 10 days revealed histopathologically acute gastritis of the wistar rat stomach walls. The inflammatory reaction was diminished after the cessation of aspirin. Keywords: aspirin, histopathology, stomach.   Abstrak: Aspirin tergolong obat anti-inflamasi non-steroid (AINS) yang secara farmakodinamika mempunyai efek analgesik, anti-piretik, anti-inflamasi, anti-trombotik, dan urikosurik, namun mempunyai efek samping pada saluran  cerna terutama lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histopatologik (makroskopik dan mikroskopik) lambung tikus Wistar setelah pemberian aspirin. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan menggunakan sampel sembilan ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi atas tiga kelompok. Kelompok I (kontrol) terdiri dari tiga ekor tikus yang diberi pelet biasa dan air minum. Kelompok II terdiri dari tiga ekor tikus yang diberi pelet biasa, air minum, dan aspirin dosis 21 mg/hari  selama 10 hari. Pada hari ke-11 kelompok I dan II diterminasi. Kelompok III terdiri dari tiga ekor tikus yang diberikan pelet biasa, air minum, dan aspirin dosis 21 mg/hari selama 10 hari, kemudian aspirin dihentikan dan tikus diterminasi pada hari ke-14. Setelah diterminasi, kelompok I-III diotopsi, diambil organ lambungnya, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan makroskopik mukosa lambung tampak lebih pucat sedangkan mikroskopik menunjukkan tanda-tanda radang akut. Penghentian pemberian aspirin diikuti dengan resolusi reaksi inflamasi yang ditandai oleh penurunan infiltrasi sel-sel radang PMN dan edema jaringan. Sinpulan: Pemberian aspirin 21 mg/hari selama 10 hari mengakibatkan terjadinya gambaran histopatologik gastritis akut pada lambung tikus Wistar. Reaksi inflamasi menurun setelah penghentian pemberian aspirin. Kata kunci: aspirin, histopatologi, lambung.

scholarly journals Effect of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced haematological changes in wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Goutham Sagarkatte Puttanna ◽  
Purushotham K. ◽  
Swarnalatha Nayak ◽  
Eesha B. Rao ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Cypermethrin is a well know agricultural pesticide used in the developing countries. It is associated with significant toxic potential on human health. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of Amomum subulatum against cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The albino rats were divided into five different groups of six rats each. Group I considered as normal control, group II cypermethrin control (25mg/kg body weight p.o.), group III only test drug and group IV and V administered with cypermethrin 25mg/kg body weight along test drug 1.08 and 2.16mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. At the end of 28th day blood was withdrawn and total haematalogical parameters were estimated.Results: In the cypermethrin control there was significant reduction in the WBC, Platelet, MCHC and considerable reduction in the haemoglobulin concentration in comparison to normal control. The test drug administered at both dose levels was significantly reversed the cypermethrin induced changes in haematalogical parameters.Conclusions: Authors can conclude that the Amomum subulatum has potency to reverse the cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes.

scholarly journals ANTI-CATARACT ACTIVITY OF GARCINIA INDICA AGAINST NAPHTHALENE-INDUCED CATARACT IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Milap R Patel ◽  
Patel Bg
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Garcinia Indica ◽  
Group I

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-cataract activity of the aqueous extract of Garcinia indica (AGI) fruit rinds on naphthalene-induced cataract using rats.Methods: Anti-cataract activity of AGI was evaluated using naphthalene model. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6 in each). Naphthalene solution was prepared by dissolving naphthalene in warm corn oil and administered at the dose of 0.5 g/kg/day p.o. for first 3 days and 1 g/kg/day p.o. thereafter for the induction of cataract. Group I normal control received corn oil 5 ml/kg/day. Group II cataract control received naphthalene solution. Group III received Vitamin E 50 mg/kg/day p.o., and Groups IV and V received AGI 200 mg/kg/day p.o and 400 mg/kg/day p.o., respectively, along with the naphthalene solution for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, levels of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides (LH), carbonyl and sulfhydryl content, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in lens homogenate were measured.Results: Administration of naphthalene produced a mature cataract and an increase in the opacity index. A significant increase in LH and protein carbonyl content while decrease in protein SH content and antioxidant enzymes was found in naphthalene control group as compared to normal control group. Simultaneous administration of AGI and naphthalene delayed the onset and maturation of cataract.Conclusion: The present investigation suggests that AGI protected the lens against naphthalene-induced oxidative damage which might be responsible for delaying the progression of cataract.

scholarly journals Studies on the Lipid Profiles of Wistar Rat Models Treated with Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Alchornea Cordifolia and Thaumatococcus Daniellii

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p46
Author(s):  
Osuocha K. U. ◽  
Ewa Ogbonnaya ◽  
Nweke E. O. ◽  
Ejiofor D. C. ◽  
Njoku P.
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

This study aims at establishing the effect of T. daniellii and A. cordifolia leaf extracts on the lipid profile of experimental rat models. A total of twenty five (25) adult male wistar rats were used for the study. The rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2ml/kg distilled water p.o. Group II was administered with 200mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of T. daniellii p.o. Group III was administered with 200mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of T. daniellii p.o. Group IV and V were administered with 200mg/kg aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of A. cordifolia respectively. Administration of extracts lasted for 14 days after which animals were sacrificed and serum developed from blood samples was collected and used for analysis to evaluate the lipid profiles of experimental models using standard methods. Results obtained from the study show that the highest level of Low Density Lippoprotein (LDL) (31.21±0.04 mg/dL) was recorded on Group II and was not significantly different from the control group (33.20±0.10 mg/dL). However, for High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), the highest level was recorded on Group IV (48.14±0.08mg/dL). Similarly, this was not significantly different from the Control group (51.80±0.10mg/dL). Group II presented the highest level of Triacylglyceride (TG) (48.80±0.02mg/dL), which however, was considered not significantly different from the control group (51.17±0.08mg/dL). For Total Cholesterol (TC), highest level (64.64±0.49mg/dL) was recorded on Group II and value was not significantly different from that recorded on the normal control (63.83±0.10mg/dL). In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that extracts of T. daniellii and A. cordifolia lacks the potential to alter the lipid profile of patients depending on them for one medicinal use or the other and may thus be considered potential candidates for drug development.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaves Extract on Blood Sugar Level in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetes in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan S. Phatak ◽  
Chitra C. Khanwelkar ◽  
Somnath M. Matule ◽  
Kailas D. Datkhile ◽  
Anup S. Hendre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The effects of Murraya koenigii leaves are very less studied in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetes rat model, in spite of several studies reported its antidiabetic effects in alloxan and STZ induced diabetes. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of Murraya koenigii leaves extract on the blood sugar level (BSL) of STZ-NA diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by STZ injection intraperitoneally (i. p) after 30 min of NA injection i. p in all groups apart from normal control group. Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetic control) rats received distilled water. Group III rats treated Metformin, Group IV and Group V rats treated Murraya koenigii aqueous extract and Murraya koenigii methanolic extract respectively. BSL and body weights of rats were measured at each week of the period of 28 days. Our results indicate that oral administration of Murraya koenigii reduces BSL significantly compared with the diabetic group. No weight loss was observed in all groups. The findings of the present study suggest that Murraya koenigii is proven as anti-diabetic agent in diabetic rats.

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