scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of drying rate and quality parameters of foam mat dried mango powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 032-037
Author(s):  
Christiana Alami Adamade ◽  
Joshua Olanrewaju Olaoye
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Model Equations

A study on modeling and optimization of foam mat drying of ripe mango was carried out, three levels of whipping durations (5 min, 10 min and 15 min, three levels of Egg white albumen powder concentrations as foaming agent (6% (w/w), 12%(w/w) and 18% (w/w)), three levels of Xanthan gum concentration as foam stabilizing agent (0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06%)and three levels of air drying temperature (50°C, 60°C and 70 °C) as input parameters were used. Design Expert 6.06 version was used to design the experiment in order to get all possible combinations of durations and concentrations. After washing and deseeding all samples of fresh mango, the pulp was foamed using egg white powder and liquid as foaming agent, the was stabilized by using xantham gum at different concentrations. The foamed products were all dried at 50°C, 60°C and 70 °C respectively in an instrumented cabinet dryer. The following output parameters were modeled and optimized with Design Expert 6.0.6 version: drying rate, vitamin C, beta carotene, crude protein, crude fibre, fat content, ash content, moisture content, carbohydrate and total soluble sugar. Ten (10) model equations, one for each of the output parameters were developed, and checked for adequacy and validity. All developed model equations were found to present functional relationships between input and output parameters. Hence, all developed model equations can be used as reliable tools for estimating, predicting and conducting analysis of the process. Best optimized results were selected base on the one that is most desirable. One of the ways of explaining optimization is that, it is the process of getting the values of input parameters that will either maximize or minimize the output parameters, drying rate (maximized), vitamin C (maximized), beta carotene (maximized), crude protein (maximized), crude fibre (maximized), fat (maximized), ash content (maximized), moisture content (minimized), carbohydrate (maximized), total soluble sugar (maximized) and moisture ratio (minimized).

scholarly journals Process of Modeling and Optimizing the Osmotic Dehydration Pre-treatment of Okra Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
Adesoji Matthew OLANIYAN ◽  
Bamidele David OMOLEYOMI ◽  
Musliu Olushola SUNMONU
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
Osmotic Solution

Okra [Abelmoschuscaillei (A. Chev.) Stevels] drying was studied by a factorial experiment under randomized complete block design using a laboratory-scale hot-air dryer. Two osmotic solution concentrations (40 and 60 oBrix of sucrose), three osmotic process durations (60, 120 and 180 min) and four drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 oC) were considered with each trial conducted in triplicates. Drying rate was determined as the ratio of change in mass of okra to the change in drying time as drying progresses. The ash content, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein, bulk density, least gelation concentration and water absorption capacity were investigated as quality parameters. Model equations were developed using Essential Regression (ESSREG) analysis and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to relate output parameters to process variables. The results showed that an optimum drying rate of 16.69 g/h could be achieved by subjecting okra to osmotic dehydration pretreatment using a solution of 40 oBrix sucrose for 149.10 min and dried with a temperature of 80 oC. The ash content of 3.76% could be obtained at 40 oBrix, 180 min and 50 oC. An optimum value of 29.65% was obtained for crude fibre at an osmotic solution concentration of 60 °Brix, osmotic process duration of 180 min and drying temperature of 80 oC. Crude fat content of okra has 4.03% as its optimum value and this corresponds to a combination of 60 oBrix osmotic solution concentration, 180 min osmotic process duration and 74.60 oC drying temperature. An osmotic solution concentration of 60 °Brix, osmotic process duration of 60 min and drying temperature of 80 oC should be selected to give the optimum crude protein of 14.12%. Predicted values of drying rate, ash content, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and water absorption capacity (WAC) compared favourably with the observed values. This implies the models reliably predicted the drying characteristics of okra very well in terms of these output parameters. It could be inferred from this study that the drying process of okra can be optimized under different drying conditions. Further studies should be carried out on the factors that affect the storability of dried okra for long-time storage and preservation. An investigation into the use of sodium chloride for osmotic dehydration pretreatment as a means of improving the post-drying palatability of okra should be considered for further study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ilodibia ◽  
Ngozi Igboabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of Oil Extract From Two Varieties of Fluted Pumpkin Seeds Using Different Extraction Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
M. O. Sunmonu ◽  
E. O. Ajala ◽  
M. M. Odewole ◽  
S. Morrison ◽  
A. M. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values

This study investigates physical and chemical properties two seeds namely Ugba (Telfairia pedata) and Ugwu (Telfairia occidentalis) using soaking soxhlet methods of extraction. The physical properties examined are moisture content, ash content, crude protein, fat and oil, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The chemical properties examined are Acid value (mgKOH/g), saponification value, iodine value, free fatty acid, peroxide and refractive index. Higher mean values of moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates were noticed in Ugwu than in Ugba under soaking method. However, the trend was reversed for crude protein and free fatty acid, in whose case they appear to be higher in Ugba than in Ugwu. For soxhlet method, moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates seems to have higher mean values in Ugwu seed compared to when Ugba seed was used. However, crude protein and fat and oil content were higher using Ugba seed than Ugwu seed oil. For soaking method, Ugba seed seem to produce higher mean values of sap value, iodine value, and refractive index when compared with Ugwu seed. On the other Ugwu, seems to produce acid value, free fatty acid and peroxide value when compared with ugba for soaking method. Using soxhlet apparatus however, Ugba seed produces higher mean values for acid value, sap value, iodine value, and free fatty acid compared to Ugwu. The reverse was the case with peroxide and refractive index, still with soxhlet apparatus.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 2, 2017, page: 48-60

Effects of Age of Harvesting after Pod Set on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
A. W. Osara ◽  
D. A. Okiy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pod Quality

SUMMARYDifferences in the age at which okra pods were harvested (4, 7, 10 or 13 days after pod set) had no effect on vegetative growth or pod yield, but pods harvested more than seven days after pod set were of poorer quality. The reduction in pod quality arose mainly from an increase in crude fibre and a reduction in the moisture, crude protein and ash content of older pods.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Serum Biochemistry of the Edible Frog Hoplobatrachus occipitalis in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
S. O. Oyibo ◽  
G. C. Akani ◽  
C. C. Amuzie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
Rivers State

This paper investigated the proximate, minerals and serum biochemistry in Hoplobatrachus occipitalis. The proximate and selected minerals of edible frog Hoplobatrachus occipitalis were determined using standard analytical methods. The result showed that crude protein was 16.91% carbohydrate was 1.76%, crude fibre 2.85%, The fat was 4.96% ash content was 1.84% and moisture was 71.67%. The selected mineral constituent recorded showed that sodium> iron> calcium > potassium > manganese. The nutritive serum biochemistry was determined in male and female species, the results revealed that both sexes have high nutritional profile suitable for human consumption; nevertheless, the female species have higher nutritional values than the males.

scholarly journals Nutritive value and availability of commonly used feed ingredients for farmed nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (51) ◽  
pp. 6135-6155
Author(s):  
J Munguti ◽  
◽  
H Charo-Karisa ◽  
MA Opiyo ◽  
EO Ogello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Commonly utilized feed ingredients for culture of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and Africa n catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) from Kenya , Tanzania and Rwanda were collected over a period of six months (January - June 2010) and evaluated for their nutritive composition through proximate analysis. Most of the fish feed ingredients were found in all the three countries except a few that were unique to one or two countries as detailed in the results . Feed ingredients of animal origin exhibited significantly (P <0.05) higher crude protein levels (407 - 635 g/kg DM ) compared to the feed ingredients of plant based origin . Freshwater shrimp s ( Caridina nilotic a ) contained the highest crude protein levels of 635 g/kg DM. Feed ingredients of animal origin had low ether extracts (EE) with an exception of Omena fish ( Rastrineobola argentea ) . Crude fibre (CF) was generally higher on feed ingredients of plant origin and ranged between 55 - 368 g/kg DM while Nitrogen Free Extract s (Nf E) and ash content were higher in the feedstuff s of plant origin with an exception of maize bran which had the lowest value. Omena fish and freshwater shrimp had higher ash content of 182 and 228 g/kg DM compared to other feed ingredients of animal origin, which may indicate contamination with soil particles during drying process . Based on the feed ingredient availability, potential competition with other human uses, content of crude protein and crude fibre and the feasibility of removal of anti -nutritional factors, C . nilotica , blood meal, meat and bone meal , were identified as most promising sources of animal based protein. Cotton (Gossypium spp) and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) seed cakes provided the best option as source of processed plant based protein. L eaves of gallant soldier ( Galiso nga parviflora ) , sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatus ), cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) and papaya ( Papaya carica ) were identified as high potential feedstuffs of plant origin either processed or in raw form for small -scale fish farming . We recommend that in well fertilized semi- intensive ponds , maize ( Zea mays ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) bran may be utilized where available to supplement natural pond food

EFFECTS OF CUTTING TREATMENTS ON LADINO CLOVER GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASSES: II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FORAGE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Made In

Ladino clover grown alone and in mixture with timothy and smooth bromegrass was cut two, four and six times per season to a height of [Formula: see text] and 3 inches. Forage harvested in 1955 and 1956 from a seeding made in 1954 at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, Quebec, was chemically analysed.Ladino clover contained more K but less N-free extract and Ca when grown alone than when associated with a grass. Bromegrass had a higher content of crude protein, ash, P and K, and a lower content of N-free extract than timothy.Height of cutting failed to modify the chemical composition of the grasses. In the clover, close cutting reduced the fat and K contents and increased the ash content.The crude protein content increased and the crude fibre and N-free extract contents decreased in both forage fractions with increasing cutting frequencies. Fat was highest in the clover cut four times and in the grasses cut four and six times. The ash content in the clover was not significantly altered by cutting frequency but tended to decrease with increasing maturity in the grasses. The Ca content was lowest in the clover cut six times and in the grasses cut twice. In both forage fractions, the P and K contents were higher with either four or six cuttings than with two cuttings.

scholarly journals Empirical Models and Process Optimization for Prediction of Nutritional Parameters of Stored Cowpea Variety (IT96D-610K)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Musliu Olushola Sunmonu ◽  
Michael Mayokun Odewole ◽  
Ibukunolowa Omotola Oyeleke ◽  
Grace Olufunke Otitodun ◽  
Mobolaji Omobowale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Cowpea Variety

Abstract This paper presents a study carried out to develop empirical models and process optimization for prediction of nutritional parameters of stored cowpea variety (IT96D-610K). Twelve small scale prototype silos made of two different materials (wooden and galvanised mild steel) were constructed and used in the storage of the cowpea for a 4-month period. Seven kilograms of cowpea at 9.88% moisture content admixed with DE having two different particle sizes (7.5 × 10−5 m and 9 × 10−5 m) and three different concentrations (0.0001 kg, 0.00005 kg and 0 kg) in varying combinations were loaded into each prototype silo structure. The control (zero/no concentration) was set without the use of DE in each of the wooden and galvanised mild steel structures, respectively. Temperature, relative humidity and moisture content within the storage structures were monitored. Nutritional parameters such as ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre, and carbohydrate content were also measured alongside moisture. Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the control sample and treated samples. Six model equations using Essential Regression Software package were further generated to determine the relationship between input and output parameters, and were checked for adequacy and validity. The model equations developed were used to get the optimum values of output parameters which are: minimum moisture content (8.87%), minimum ash content (4.07%), maximum crude protein (22.86%), maximum fat (2.04%), maximum crude fibre (2.26%) and maximum carbohydrate (60.31%) of the stored cowpea at various conditions. Study results show that all the storage conditions had significant effects at P <0.05.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF VARIETIES AND BLANCHING TEMPERATURES ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITIES OF PLANTAIN FLOUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Patience T.K. ◽  
◽  
Nwachukwu V.C. ◽  
Inchikida B.M. ◽  
Sharinya J.T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Emulsion Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Qualities

A study was carried out on effects of varieties and blanching temperatures on the functional and nutritional qualities of plantain flour. Seven (7) bunches of plantain labelled O35, O48.2, O61.6, O75, P35, P55 and P75 were collected within Minna metropolis. After washing, peeling, slicing, Blanching, Drying and Milling, for nutritional qualities, O75 has the highest moisture content of 16.3, followed by O35 that has 10.6 while P75 has the least of 3.1. For ash content O61.6 has the highest of 3.2, followed by O48.2 and O75 that has 2.0 and P55 has the least of 0.5. For crude fat O35 has the highest of 47.0 followed by O75 that has 37.5 while O61.6 and P75 has the least of 34.5. For crude protein, P55 has the highest of 10.68, followed by O48.2 and O75 with 8.58 respectively while P75 has the least of 5.08. For crude fibre O48.2 has the highest of 28.5, followed by O75 that has 14.5 while O61.6 has the least of 3.0. For carbohydrate, P75 has the highest of 48.32, followed by O61.6 that has 43.05 while O48.2 has the least of 17.62. For functional qualities, P75 has the highest bulk density of 0.8 g/ml followed by P35 that has 0.77 g/ml while O75 has the least of 0.51g/ml. For WAC P75 has the highest of 28%, followed by P55 that has 22% while O35 has the least of 10%. For OAC, P75 has the highest of 24%, followed by P35 with P35 with 20% while O35 and O61.6 with the lowest of 16% each. For foam capacity, O35 has the highest of 16.6%, followed by O75 with 12% while P55 has the least of 1.8%. For Emulsion capacity, O75 has the highest of 38.6% followed by P35 with 31.6% while O48.2 has the least of 25.73%. The ogeda flour had higher moisture content, ash content, fat, fiber. While the panbolabola flour had a higher protein, carbohydrate for the nutritional properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage on the Nutritional Composition and Mycoflora of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Stored for Twenty Weeks

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dayo Fagbohun ◽  
Fakiyesi Ifeoluwa Samuel ◽  
Ayodeji Segun Ogundahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

The nutritional and mycoflora changes in dried African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) were investigated during a storage period of twenty weeks. The result of the proximate analysis (g/100 g) showed that the following moisture content decreased from 11.15-9.80, fat 1.25-0.49, crude fibre 6.18-2.64, crude protein 77.92-62.14 while the ash content increased from 3.20-3.78, carbohydrate content 0.36-18.32. The mineral analysis (mg/100 g) showed a decrease in all parameters investigated, sodium (Na) 2.57-1.35, potassium (K) 42.26-31.75, calcium (Ca) 21.45-12.56, magnesium (Mg) 27.75-20.72, iron (Fe) 0.25-0.12, zinc (Zn) 0.06-0.05, copper (Cu) 0.03-0.03, phosphorus (P) 32.08-22.03, manganese (Mn) 0.11-0.06, chromium (Cr) 0.002-0.001. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were not detected. Five fungi comprising four genera were isolated using direct plating, washing and dilution methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and identified using their cultural and morphological features with reference to standard procedures. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp. and Phytophthora palmivora. It can be concluded that storage encourages proliferation of mycoflora thereby leading to reduction in the nutritional and mineral composition of the stored sample.

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