scholarly journals The physico-chemical characteristics of fresh and old pig dungs collected from three pig farmsin Port Harcourt Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Nkem Juliet Anigbo ◽  
GC Okpokwasili ◽  
CJ Ogugbue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Bioenergy Generation ◽  
High Fibre Content ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The need to source for alternative use of pigs dung to reduce environmental challenges arising from its application as farm manure prompted the study into the physico-chemical attributes of both the fresh and old pig dung in three pig farms(A,R,U) in Port-Harcourt metropolis. The study examined the pH levels, exchangeable nitrate, extractable phosphate, the total organic carbon and the sulphate using methods described by the pH meter, APHA-4500-O3-B, ASTM D515, Walkley black and ASTM D516 respectively. The results indicated that the dung were alkaline ranging from pH 9-12, the nitrate content was high in fresh dung (16.03-19.40) but considerably low in the dry dung (2.36-2.92), the phosphate values were between 7.59-20.81, the sulphate level falls within 1.84-3.79 whereas the total organic carbon were between 2.36-2.92. The result obtained have showed that the fresh dung could be supplemented with other organic substrate to initiate bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil due to its high nitrate content and the dry dung used as feedstuffs for animal nutrients or feedstock for bioenergy generation because of its high fibre content which will help in reducing the ecosystem contamination by pig waste through recycling.

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Lima ◽  
Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Borba Silva ◽  
Daiane Costa Soares ◽  
Antônio Williams Moita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3 + 2, consisting of two soils (FRr and CMd), three EM Bokashis (Poultry Manure Bokashi (BPM); CNPH Bokashi (BC); and Cattle Manure Bokashi (BCM)), and two controls (both soils without addition of Bokashi). The following fertility attributes were evaluated: pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, P, SB, H + Al, CEC, andV. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also investigated. Finally, the Principal Component Analysis was conducted in order to identify possible patterns related to soils when fertilized with EM Bokashi. The addition of EM Bokashi increased the soil fertility and contents of POC. Different EM Bokashi presents distinguished effects on each soil. The PCA suggests that BPM presents higher capacity to modify the analyzed chemical attributes.

scholarly journals Vertical In-Vessel Composter for Stabilization of Market Vegetable Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Seeding Material

Composting can be one of the solutions to tackle the issue of handling solid waste. In the present research work, a bench-scale vertical in-vessel aerobic composter was designed to stabilize the Devaraja market vegetable waste, Mysore using horse dung and plantain leaves as seeding material and bulking agent respectively. On average, Devaraja market generate 4.8-5.6 ton per day. Mix proportion of organic waste, bulking and seeding materials fed into composter was in the ratio of 5: 1: 0.5. Initial and variation in physico-chemical characteristics of waste were monitored during the composting period. The initial concentration of total nitrogen, phosphorous, total organic carbon and C/N ratio which was found to be 1.67%, 0.78%, 1.93%, 43.5% and 26 showed a variation of 2.4%, 1.1%, 2% 29% and 15 respectively at the end of 21 days of composting.

Physico-chemical and hydrological properties of soilless substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Mariyappillai ◽  
◽  
Gurusamy Arumugam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aim: To evaluate the physico-chemical and hydrological characteristics of cocopith, perlite, vermicullite, vermicompost, sand, rice husk, paddy straw, saw dust and rock wool for using them as substrates for soilless agriculture. Methodology: The soilless substrates were initially evaluated for pH and EC, and then estimated for total organic carbon by dry combustion method, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl digestion method, potassium by atomic absorption and phosphorus by colorimetric method. The hydrological properties of substrates were estimated by Keen - Rackzowski box method. Results: The desirable level of physical properties of bulk density (0.47 gm cm-3), particle density (0.63 gm cm-3), total porosity (75.81%) and chemical properties of pH (6.23), EC (5.02 dS m-1), total organic carbon (36.39 %), and other properties were noticed under cocopith. The maximum level of water holding capacity (769.30 %) and volume of expansion (185.78 %) was registered by cocopith. Interpretation: Cocopith has favourable hydrological properties with desirable level of physical and chemical properties, which makes it the best medium for soilless agriculture. Coconut fiber is a characteristic natural fiber from the external husk of coconut and its extraction process also without polluting nature.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Use of Herbicides on Soil Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
L. E. Tudararo-Aherobo ◽  
T. L. Ataikiru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Farm Soils

Introduction: Herbicide application is a vital strategy of weed control. The effects of these chemicals on the non-target soil microorganisms are very intense; have adverse impact on physicochemical parameters of the soil, which in turn affect soil fertility and plant growth. Research Gap: There are insufficient literatures on extensive monitoring of the effects of prolonged herbicides use. Existing literatures concerning analysis of effect of prolonged herbicides application on soil are not comprehensive with respect to number of soil characteristics analyzed. Aim: This study assessed the effects of Atrazine and Glyphosate on physicochemical properties and microbial population of carrot and maize farm soils, exposed to prolonged use at Songhai Delta. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Songhai Delta farms and the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, from April to July, 2019. Methodology: These pesticides were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions at sublethal concentrations. Their effects on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and microbial populations at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were assessed using standard methods. Microbial counts were carried out for total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi using the pour plate method. Results: There were variations in the different properties of the carrot and maize farm soils. Soil pH was higher in maize farm (5.91±0.10) than in carrot farm (5.88±0.06) at the depth of 15-30 cm. The pH, total organic carbon, nitrate content had no significant difference while phosphate and microbial counts were significantly different at P=.05. Conclusion: This assessment has shown that the herbicides had no influence on pH, total organic carbon, nitrate but a negative one on bacterial and fungal populations with prolonged use. A modification in physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of soil could be used to predict the fertility and health status of soils.

scholarly journals Soil chemical attributes in a high biodiversity silvopastoral system

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Zin Battisti ◽  
Abdon Luiz Schmitt Filho ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Paulo Antonio De Almeida Sinisgalli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The use of conservation managements such as the silvopastoral system, and the Voisin rational grazing system have been excellent alternatives to increase animal welfare and production efficiency and improve soil chemical attributes of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluatethe effect of a High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System (SPSNUCLEUS) on the soil chemical attributes through comparisons with soils of a Management Intensive Grazing without trees (MIG), primary forest, and secondary forest areas. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, Al, H+Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P were evaluated after four years of implementation of SPSNUCLEUS. Soil samples from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm were collected in all areas—SPSNUCLEUS, MIG, primary forest, and secondary forest. SPSNUCLEUS had better soil quality, with increased P and K contents (0-30 cm), compared to the other areas, and higher total organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents (5-30 cm) when compared to the MIG and secondary forest areas. The soil carbon accumulation capacity in the SPSNUCLEUS area in the layers of 5-10 cm and 20-40 cm was similar to that of the primary forest area, and higher to those of the other areas. SPSNUCLEUS proved to be a promising system to improve the soil chemical attributes of pastures.

scholarly journals Aggregate formation and soil organic matter under different vegetation in Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carvalho da Silva Neto ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Júlio César Feitosa Fernandes ◽  
Thais Andrade Corrêa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Pasture Area

Changes in soil use and management can affect the soil aggregation, including aggregate formation by biogenic and physicogenic processes. The aim of this study was to analyze physical and biological influences on the genesis of soil aggregates in areas with different vegetations in the Atlantic Forest, as well as to compare physical and chemical attributes of the aggregates formed in different ways. Soil samples undeformed were collected at the layer of 0-10 cm in second-growth forests in different successional stages and a pasture area. To identify the pathways of aggregation were used morphological patterns proposed by Bullock et al. (1985), and established three clusters: fisiogenic, biogenic and intermediates. The aggregates were analyzed for aggregate stability, exchangeable cations, distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) and oxidizable fractions of total organic carbon. In all areas evaluated the percentage of physiogenic aggregates was higher than biogenic and intermediate aggregates. The biogenic aggregates were found at a smaller amount, with the highest means of MWD (4.520 mm and 4.896 mm) and GMS (3.678 mm and 4.479 mm) under SFAS and MMP areas. The biogenic aggregates presented higher levels of K and P between the morphological types in all areas studied, with the higher phosphorus levels in the SFAS area. The TOC content was also higher in the biogenic aggregates in all study areas, with 22.33 g kg-1 in SFAS, 25.60 g kg-1 in SFMS, 24.74 g kg-1 in SFIS and 20.28 g kg-1 in MMP. The highest content of the fractions F1 (6.93 g kg-1) and F2 (7.43 g kg-1) were found in the biogenic class compared to intermediate and physiogenic aggregates. The biological agregation process was the most efficient process in terms of soil structural stability and carbon sequestration, and biogenic aggregates may be considered indicators of soil quality.

scholarly journals Composting of Calotropis Gigantea Leaves Using Mix Dung of Buffalo, Cow, Goat and Sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1047
Author(s):  
Mayur Shah ◽  
Devang Upadhyay ◽  
Prateek Shilpkar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Buffalo Cow

Under shed at Biogas Research and Extension Centre, Gujarat Vidyapith, Sadara, District- Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, a composting pit was prepared by bricks and filled with mixture of 10 kg dung (2.5 kg each of cow, buffalo, sheep and goat) and 2 kg leaves of Calotropis gigantea. The mixture was well mixed at 15 days interval and samples were analysed for various physico-chemical properties at monthly interval of composting upto 90 days. Results show that compared to values of various physico-chemical parameters before composting the values of available phosphorus, available potassium and total nitrogen increased by 2.89, 2.18 and 3.15 times whereas content of pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, total organic carbon and ratio of C:N decreased by 1.12, 4.13, 2.68, 2.38 and 8.13 times after composting. The study highlights the conversion of leaves of C. gigantea into valuable compost.

scholarly journals Impact of Irrigational Runoff on Fish Biodiversity in River Ngadda, Maiduguri – Borno State

2021 ◽  
pp. 3981-3988
Author(s):  
Mathias Nzitiri Bwala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Fish Biodiversity ◽  
Physico Chemical

Irrigation is a dry season agricultural activity that was known to man for centuries. Agricultural runoff has been identified as the major nonpoint sources of pollution into surface waterbodies which changes the physico – chemical parameters thereby impacting on the biodiversity of such ecosystem. River Ngadda receives pollutants from the irrigational sites along the river bank. The study was aimed at assessing the impact of irrigation on fish biodiversity in river Ngadda, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine the physico – chemical parameters and examine the fish biodiversity of the river. The river was divided into 4 sampling Stations. Water samples was collected biweekly for the period of 6 months from 4 sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities (total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (Tur) and total suspended solids (TSS) were determined using standard methods. Capture and recapture method was employed to determine the relative abundance of fish species using Lincoln index. The mean Total Nitrogen (TN) ranges from 5.02 mg/L – 8.31mg/L, mean ammonium (NH4+) ranges from 0.93mg/L – 2.01, mean Total phosphorous (TP) ranges from 0.07mg/L – 1.81mg/L. mean Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ranges 5.87mg/L – 7.45mg/L, mean Turbidity (Tur) ranges from 27mg/L – 31mg/L, mean Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ranges 198NTU – 298NTU, mean Total Suspended Solids ranges from 34mg/L – 47mg/L and mean surface water Temperature ranges from 26°C – 28°C. A total of 4 families and 10 species of fishes were identified in the sampling stations.

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