scholarly journals Mineral elements analysis and total flavonoids content in the fresh leaves from two varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. consumed as vegetable in Lubumbashi (DR Congo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Cedrick Mutombo Shakalenga ◽  
Henry Manya Mboni ◽  
Salvator Nsenga Nkulu ◽  
Gaël Nzuzi Mavungu ◽  
Cynthia Kibwe Mwenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Red Variety

Fresh leaves of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are among the most consumed vegetables in the Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). According to the literature, this vegetable shows the chemical variability depending on the culture area. Two varieties of this species, cultivated and consumed in Lubumbashi have not yet been studied for their micronutrient content, of which fruits and vegetables are the main sources. This study investigated the mineral and total flavonoid content of fresh leaves from red and green varieties of H. sabdariffa L., consumed as a vegetable in the aforementioned city. Fresh leaves of red and green variety of H. sabdariffa were purchased in 10 main markets of the Lubumbashi city. Gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used for analyzes of water, mineral and total flavonoids content. Three of the major mineral elements (Na, Ca, Mg) and several trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se, Co, Cr) were found in both varieties in elevated quantity in leaves of red variety. These latter were marked by a high content of iron (7 mg/100 g of fresh material) and Manganese (600 µg/100 g of fresh material). Total flavonoids quantification revealed that the leaves of red variety have a high value (28.2 ± 0.3 mg Quercetin Equivalent per g of extract) in total flavonoids compared to the leaves of green variety. Fresh leaves of the red variety of H. Sabdariffa consumed in Lubumbashi could be a source of iron for adults and manganese for children.

scholarly journals Optimization of Supercritical Extraction Conditions of Senna Alata and Evaluation of Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Istikamah Subuki ◽  
Aiman Nabilah Abdul Malek ◽  
Saidatul Husni Saidin ◽  
Mazura Md. Pisar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Experimental Runs

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) offer faster extraction process, decreased solvent usage and more selectivity on desired compounds. In this present study, the influence of pressure (100, 200 and 300 bar) and temperature (40, 50 and 60˚C) on the Senna alata crude yield were investigated with fixed supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at the flow rate of 35 g/min. The parameters were optimised and modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) experimental design consists of 13 experimental runs with 5 replicates at the central points. Well-fitting quadratic model were successfully established for crude extract through backward elimination. The optimum crude extract yield pointed out by RSM was at the pressure of 300 bar and temperature 40˚C respectively. Extraction yields based on SC-CO2 varied in the range of 0.28 to 3.62%. The highest hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content obtained by S.alata crude extracts were 41.19% and 52.53% w/w, respectively. SC-CO2 proves to have great potential for extraction of yield, hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content for S.alata.  

scholarly journals Relationships between flavonoids and selected elements in infusions of medicinal herbs

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Konieczynski ◽  
Agnieszka Arceusz ◽  
Marek Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aim of the studies was to establish relationships between flavonoids and elements important for human health. Therefore, total contents of flavonoids and phosphorus were determined by UV/Vis methods, flavonoids by HPLC, and Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by FAAS in 68 infusions of medicinal herbs. Total flavonoids content in the aqueous extracts were in the range of 0.26 - 16.40 mg per 100 mL. The mean flavonoid contents (in mg per 100 mL of aqueous extract) were 2.24, 2.01, 1.83, 1.88 for rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, respectively. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P were determined in mg per 100 mL, and of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in μg per 100 mL. Total content of flavonoids was weakly correlated with quercetin (r = 0.41), kaempferol (r = 0.53), Cu (r = 0.43), and Ca (r = -0.30). Statistically significant correlations were also found among Cu, Ca, Mn, Zn and Fe. Cluster analysis grouped the studied herbs based on total flavonoids, also four flavonoids and essential elements contents, extracted from the whole population of herbs Sambuci flos, Betulae folium, and Sylibi mariani semen. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings and enabled identification of quercetin, kaempferol, Cu and Fe as the factors responsible for differentiation of the studied material.

scholarly journals Level of Some Mineral Elements in Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Drink Consumed within Gombe Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. M. Umar ◽  
F. U. Maigari ◽  
J. J. Idi ◽  
J. Salome
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
State University ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Commercial Area

The study was conducted to determine the levels of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and calcium present in Zobo Drink consumed in Gombe metropolis. Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink has been consumed for decades as a non-alcoholic beverage, thus, the knowledge of its nutritional value is of huge interest. Hence, it is important to determine the level of some minerals present in the beverage. Ten samples were bought from different retailers within Gombe metropolis and were digested using Aqua regia (1:3 of HNO3 and HCL) in the laboratory and the levels of the various elements in each sample were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained showed that the sample from Gombe State University commercial area 1 has the highest (P<0.05) magnesium content (9.38.±0.02 mg/kg). Calcium (2.90.±0.02 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (9.11.±0.02 mg/kg) were found to be highest in samples obtained from Arawa market and Gombe State University commercial area 2 respectively. Potassium was (14.45.±0.05 mg/kg) was highest in the beverage gotten from Gombe State University commercial area 2. The results showed that Zobo drink sold in Gombe metropolis possess some amount of the assayed  minerals but are lower than the Regular Dietary Intake (RDI) permissible by the World Health Organisation.

scholarly journals Comparative study of different drying methods regard to the phenols and flavonoids content of dried Citrus aurantium L. leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovanni Hernandez Galvez ◽  
Margarita Castillo Téllez ◽  
Jorge de Jesús Chan González ◽  
Francisca Méndez Morales ◽  
Damianys Almenares López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

Objective: To determine the effects of different thermal drying technologies on the total phenol and flavonoid contents (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) in sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves. Design/methodology/approach: Solar drying was carried out in outdoor sunny conditions using two direct solar dryers; one with natural convection, the other with forced convection. The total phenol and flavonoid contents in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and quercetin (Q), respectively, of ethanolic extracts of C. aurantium were assessed with spectrophotometric techniques. Results: The results demonstrated maximum phenol values for the direct natural convection solar dryer (161.4 mg EAG/g MS) and minimum values for shade drying (61.43 mg EAG/g MS). As for flavonoids, the highest values were obtained in the direct forced convection solar dryer (32.22 ± 1.6 mg EQ/g MS), while the lowest was registered in the open air sun (11.72 mg EQ/g MS). Conclusions: Direct solar dryers are technologies effective for maintaining the phenols and total flavonoids content in dried leaves of C. aurantium.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Response to Water Deficit in Basil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Adisa Paric ◽  
Erna Karalija
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Response To Water

Drought-induced stress is the main limiting factor that affects growth and development in plants. In this study, the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) on drought tolerance in basil was investigated. The analysis showed that application of SA under drought stress had significant effects on physiological and biochemical parameters, such as photosynthetic pigments content, total phenolics, flavonoids, flavanols and protein content and peroxidise activity, but had no significant effects on the morphological parameters, such as stem length, length and areaof leaves . In drought conditions, total phenolics and peroxidase activity reduced significantly, but all photosynthetic pigments, total flavonoids, flavanols and proteins increased significantly. Application of SA displayed some alleviating effects against drought induced stress through increase of plant growth, total flavonoids content and peroxidase activity

scholarly journals Navigating social spaces: armed mobilization and circular return in Eastern DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Vlassenroot ◽  
Emery Mudinga ◽  
Josaphat Musamba
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Refugee Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pendular State

Abstract This article discusses the social mobility of combatants and introduces the notion of circular return to explain their pendular state of movement between civilian and combatant life. This phenomenon is widely observed in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where Congolese youth have been going in and out of armed groups for several decades now. While the notion of circular return has its origins in migration and refugee studies, we show that it also serves as a useful lens to understand the navigation capacity between different social spaces of combatants and to describe and understand processes of incessant armed mobilization and demobilization. In conceptualizing these processes as forms of circular return, we want to move beyond the remobilization discourse, which is too often connected to an assumed failure of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes. We argue that this discourse tends to ignore combatants’ agency and larger processes of socialization and social rupture as part of armed mobilization.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Pinus peuce and Other Pine Species from the Macedonian Flora

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Karapandzova ◽  
Gjose Stefkov ◽  
Ivana Cvetkovikj ◽  
Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Pinus Peuce ◽  
Pine Species

Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in young needles of four pine species, Pinus peuce, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. sylvestris from the Macedonian flora were investigated. The amount of total phenols and total flavonoids were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) varied among different pine species ranging from 9.8 to 14.0 mg GAE/g and from 3.3 to 7.2 mg CE/g of dried plant material, respectively. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids and other phenolic components was made by a LC-DAD/ESI-MSn optimized chromatographic method. A total of 17 phenolic components were identified and classified as: acids (2), procyanidins (2) and flavonoid glycosides (13). The most prevalent components were flavonoid glycosides, especially flavonols and methylated flavonols (9). Additionally, 3 components were found as acylated flavonol glycosides with ferulic and p-coumaric acid. The last one was found not only in esterified form but also in the free form. Only one flavone-apigenin glycoside was detected. Procyanidins were identified as catechin derivatives, both dimers and trimers.

scholarly journals TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT OF SOME SEASONAL FRUITS AND THEIR BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
SARA NAQVI ◽  
SHAHLLA IMAM ◽  
FATIMA RAMZAN ALI ◽  
IQBAL AZHAR ◽  
ZAFAR ALAM MAHMOOD
Keyword(s):  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Clinical Survey

Objective: The present study was intended to assess the qualitative and quantitative analysis of some fruits available in Karachi, Pakistan. The association between the intakes of flavonoids enriches fruit and cardiovascular (CV) health was evaluated through a clinical survey. Methods: The acid-alkaline test was executed in all fruit samples. The total flavonoids content was carried out using aluminum chloride calorimetric method. A cross-sectional survey was executed from July to December 2018 among 100 cardiac patients in Karachi, Pakistan. The patient’s blood pressure was determined and categorized into normal, prehypertension, and hypertension. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-squared test were executed to demonstrate the participants’ sociodemographic information. Results: The result revealed that the purple grapes contained an abundant amount of total flavonoid contents 192.59±1.28 as compared to green grapes and other fruits, whereas Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus reticulata (kinnow), and Punica granatum (pomegranate) contained 162.96±0.640, 151.85± 0.640, and 107.03±1.28, respectively. Moreover, Malus species, grapes (green), raspberry, and strawberry are also a good source of flavonoids. The clinical survey revealed that the majority of the respondents were male 74% while only 26% were female. The response rate was 73%. Conclusion: The finding of the present study indicated that dietary intake of fruits containing flavonoids may decrease the risk of CV disease and could contribute to promoting cardiac health.

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