scholarly journals PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Adolof S Narayaman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Active Behavior ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low. Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber. Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.

scholarly journals The Survey of Sea Cucumber Fisheries on Qeshm Island Coasts (Persian Gulf)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Afkhami ◽  
Maryam Ehsanpour ◽  
Amin Mokhleci ◽  
Kazem Darvish Bastami
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Sea cucumbers are aquatic animals of wide variety, useful for human health. Sea cucumbers are among the aquatic creatures that have many important and useful properties known for human health. Increasing demand for beche-de-mer, along with steady price increases, has led to worldwide intensification of sea cucumber harvesting. The rearing of sea cucumbers with shrimps controls environmental pollution that results from over- enrichment in nutrients, built up on the pond bottom. These animals eat detritus and, together with devouring organic materials on the surface, not only do they clean the environment, but also they cause the fast growth of shrimps and themselves. Holothuria scabra is the main species for production of beche-de-mer and is exploited especially in the tropical regions of the world. The wall of the body used in the process of beche-de-mer production forms 56% of the whole body. Holothuria scabra (sandfish) is an aspidochirote holothurian widely distributed in coastal regions throughout the Indo-Pacific region. H. scabra is often found on inner reef flats and near estuaries, half-buried in silty sand during the day and emerging at night to feed. In this study, based on information from local fishermen on Qeshm Island, we provide some data about the fishing methods, processing and distribution on the Qeshm Island coastline. Comparative study of fishing status with another part of the world determined that the status of sea cucumber stocks in Qeshm Island is sustainable. For prevention of overexploitation of the sandy sea cucumber, prohibition on capturing should continue. In this study, seven exploited sites are recognized, the target size for fishermen was more than 20 cm and sandy cucumber was the target species in Qeshm Island. In this area, the fishing operation was only carried out by scuba diving and was done only by men; although in another countries women have an important role in sea cucumber fishing activities. Among the coasts around Qeshm Island, it is found at Hmoon, Tolla, Kovei, Ramchah, Messen and Hengam. A maximum length of 35 cm and maximum weight of 1,080 g was recorded.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Delroisse ◽  
Kévin Van Wayneberghe ◽  
Patrick Flammang ◽  
David Gillan ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Skin Ulceration ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

AbstractAquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom—the skin ulceration—and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.

Effectiveness of two tagging devices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Julián López-Morell ◽  
Alberto M. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Studies

A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.

scholarly journals Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Michel R. Claereboudt ◽  
Saud S. Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178. 

Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<strong>Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants.</strong> Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC<sub>50 </sub>of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC<sub>50</sub> 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Saponin Biosynthesis Pathway in the Body Wall of the Commercially Significant Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra

Marine Drugs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Mitu ◽  
Utpal Bose ◽  
Saowaros Suwansa-ard ◽  
Luke Turner ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Saponin Biosynthesis

Fatty acid component in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from different tissues and habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzeng Xu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xuelei Zhang ◽  
Quancai Peng ◽  
Hongsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Benthic Food

Fatty acids (FA) are a non-protein energy source and can act as trophic biomarkers in benthic food webs. We analysed the FA profiles of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, comparing tissues of body wall, gut sediment and ovaries in two habitats. Rongcheng Bay: kelp raft cultivation area with high organic matter in sediment; Laoshan Bay: strong current with low sediment organic matter. The results showed that body wall and ovary tissues were rich in long chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA), which contributed ~31% to the FA dissimilarity between the two tissues. SIMPER (similarity percentages routine) results showed that C20:5ω3 (EPA), C18:1ω7, C20:4ω6 (AA), C16:0, C14:1 and C20:1ω11 contributed to dissimilarity between the body wall and ovary tissues, while 16:1ω7, 20:5ω3, C16:0, C18:1ω7, C18:0 and C14:1 contributed more to the dissimilarity of body wall tissues between the two habitats. FA biomarkers showed that sea cucumbers from the two habitats had different food sources, with brown kelp and vascular plants being the main food for sea cucumbers in Rongcheng and diatoms for those in Laoshan. To better understand differences in FA composition in sea cucumbers, more research is needed examining a wider diversity of tissue types and habitats.

scholarly journals Sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related genes in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and their potential role in gonad maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tipsuda Thongbuakaew ◽  
Saowaros Suwansa-ard ◽  
Arada Chaiyamoon ◽  
Scott F. Cummins ◽  
Prasert Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

AbstractThe sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically valuable marine species which is distributed throughout the Asia–Pacific region. With the natural population declining due to over fishing, aquaculture of this species is deemed necessary. Hence, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating the reproduction in order to increase their populations. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens and progestogens, play an important role in reproduction in most vertebrates and several invertebrates. It has been proposed that sea cucumbers have the same sex steroids as vertebrates but the steroidogenic pathway in the sea cucumbers is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) that sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were present in H. scabra neural and gonadal tissues. In silico searches of available sea cucumber transcriptome data identified 26 steroidogenesis-related genes. Comparative analysis of encoded proteins for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (HscStAR), CYP P450 10, 17 and 3A (HscCYP10, HscCYP17, HscCYP3A) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD) with other species was performed to confirm their evolutionary conservation. Gene expression analyses revealed widespread tissue expression. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that HscStAR, HscCYP10, Hsc3β-HSD, and Hsc17β-HSD gene expressions were similar to those in ovaries and testes, which increased during the gonad maturation. HscCYP17 mRNA was increased during ovarian development and its expression declined at late stages in females but continued high level in males. The expression of the HscCYP3A was high at the early stages of ovarian development, but not at other later stages in ovaries, however it remained low in testes. Moreover, a role for steroids in reproduction was confirmed following the effect of sex steroids on vitellogenin (Vtg) expression in ovary explant culture, showing upregulation of Vtg level. Collectively, this study has confirmed the existence of steroids in an echinoderm, as well as characterizing key genes associated with the steroidogenic pathway. We propose that sex steroids might also be associated with the reproduction of H. scabra, and the identification of biosynthetic genes enables future functional studies to be performed.

scholarly journals Analisa Kadar Protein Pada Teripang (Holothuria argus) Terhadap Lama Perebusan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Baterun Kunsah
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Study Population

 ABSTRACTProtein is the most important nutrients in the body, which serves as a new network-forming and maintaining or repairing worn tissue. Protein cucumbers reach 82% of his body. However, the protein can undergo denaturation when heated. Formulation of the research problem is whether there was an effect on long boiling sea cucumbers (Holothuria argus) the protein content. The research objective was to determine whether there is a long effect on the boiling sea cucumbers (Holothuria argus) the protein content.This type of research is experimental. The study population was all kinds of sea cucumbers are caught by fishermen in Kel.Sukolilo Kec.Bulak Surabaya. The research sample is sea cucumber Holothuria argus species caught by fishermen in Kel.Sukolilo Kec.Bulak Surabaya. Research using the 5 treatments with 5 repetitions. Criteria longer boiling is P1 (0 min / control), P2 (15 min), P3 (30 minutes), P4 (45 minutes), and P5 (60 minutes).Data examined protein levels by means of laboratory tests. Based on the laboratory results obtained average amount of 16.948% protein content in boiling 0 minutes, 13.068% in 15 minutes, 11.986% at 30 minutes, 10.652% at 45 minutes, and 8.732% in boiling water 60 minutes.Test results are then tested the statistical ANOVA showed significant values where 0.000 <0.05 (α). It can be concluded that there is a long effect on the boiling sea cucumbers (Holothuria argus) the protein content.Keywords: Sea Cucumber & Protein Levels

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Total Fenolik Pada Teripang di Perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yolanda Avigail ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Teripang merupakan hewan jenis Echinodermata. Beberapa species teripang, misalnya H. scabra, H. fuscogilva dan T. ananas memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Meskipun tidak semua spesies memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi, teripang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang kesehatan, terutama dalam kemampuannya untuk meredam radikal bebas dan mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menentukan aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan total fenol, serta kadar karotenoid pada ekstrak beberapa teripang yang berasal dari Perairan Karimunjawa Jepara. Hasil identifikasi dari ke empat spesies adalah Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, dan Holothuria atra. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi dinding tubuh teripang menggunakan pelarut metanol. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-pikrilhidrazil) sebagai agen radikal bebas. Penentuan total fenolik dilakukan menggunakan metode folin-ciocalteu, dan penentuan kadar karotenoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan Bohadschia vitiensis, Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, dan Holothuria atra tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 454,28 ± 14,4; 713,51 ± 9,1; 801,57 ± 8,4 dan 1535,47 ppm. Kandungan total fenol sebesar 21,08 ± 0,49; 14,325 ± 0,21; 14,033 ± 0,33 dan 10,67 ± 0,12 mg GAE/g sampel, dan kadar karotenoidnya sebesar 23,28 ± 0,07; 25,78 ± 0,56; 11,85 ± 0,04; dan 41,44 ± 0,008 µmol/g sampel.Kata kunci: Teripang, Antioksidan, DPPH, Fenolik, Karotenoid Sea cucumbers are sea benthos from phylum Echinoderms phylum. Some sea cucumbers such as H. scabra, H. fuscogilva, T. Ananas have a high economical price. Eventhough, some sea cucumbers have the potency of being a healthy food. It it scientifically proven that some sea cucumbers have the ability to reduce free radicals and prevent various degenerative diseases caused by the excessive free radicals. The aims of this study were to identified, determine antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and carotenoid levels in sea cucumber extracts originally from Karimunjawa waters. Some of the sea cucumbers obtained are Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Holothuria atra. The extraction was done by macerating the body walls with methanol. The antioxidant activity test were tested using the DPPH method as free radicals, the total phenolic content tested using the folin-ciocalteu method, and determined the carotenoid levels spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, antioxidant activity of  B. vitiensis, S. cf. quadrifasciatus, P. graeffei, and H. atra were  classified as very weak with IC50 454.28 ± 14.4; 713.51 ± 9.1; 801.57 ± 8.4 dan 1535.47 ppm. Total phenolic content were 21.08 ± 0.49; 14.325 ± 0.21; 14.033 ± 0.33 dan 10.67 ± 0.12 mg GAE / g samples, while carotenoid levels were 23.28 ± 0.07; 25.78 ± 0.56; 11.85 ± 0.04; dan 41.44 ± 0.008 µmol / g sample.Keyword : Sea cucumber, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phenolic, Carotenoid  

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