scholarly journals The Survey of Sea Cucumber Fisheries on Qeshm Island Coasts (Persian Gulf)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Afkhami ◽  
Maryam Ehsanpour ◽  
Amin Mokhleci ◽  
Kazem Darvish Bastami
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Sea cucumbers are aquatic animals of wide variety, useful for human health. Sea cucumbers are among the aquatic creatures that have many important and useful properties known for human health. Increasing demand for beche-de-mer, along with steady price increases, has led to worldwide intensification of sea cucumber harvesting. The rearing of sea cucumbers with shrimps controls environmental pollution that results from over- enrichment in nutrients, built up on the pond bottom. These animals eat detritus and, together with devouring organic materials on the surface, not only do they clean the environment, but also they cause the fast growth of shrimps and themselves. Holothuria scabra is the main species for production of beche-de-mer and is exploited especially in the tropical regions of the world. The wall of the body used in the process of beche-de-mer production forms 56% of the whole body. Holothuria scabra (sandfish) is an aspidochirote holothurian widely distributed in coastal regions throughout the Indo-Pacific region. H. scabra is often found on inner reef flats and near estuaries, half-buried in silty sand during the day and emerging at night to feed. In this study, based on information from local fishermen on Qeshm Island, we provide some data about the fishing methods, processing and distribution on the Qeshm Island coastline. Comparative study of fishing status with another part of the world determined that the status of sea cucumber stocks in Qeshm Island is sustainable. For prevention of overexploitation of the sandy sea cucumber, prohibition on capturing should continue. In this study, seven exploited sites are recognized, the target size for fishermen was more than 20 cm and sandy cucumber was the target species in Qeshm Island. In this area, the fishing operation was only carried out by scuba diving and was done only by men; although in another countries women have an important role in sea cucumber fishing activities. Among the coasts around Qeshm Island, it is found at Hmoon, Tolla, Kovei, Ramchah, Messen and Hengam. A maximum length of 35 cm and maximum weight of 1,080 g was recorded.

scholarly journals PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Adolof S Narayaman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Active Behavior ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low. Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber. Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.

scholarly journals Nutritional components of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morakot Sroyraya ◽  
Peter J. Hanna ◽  
Tanapan Siangcham ◽  
Ruchanok Tinikul ◽  
Prapaporn Jattujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Background: Holothuria scabra is one of the most commercially important species found in the Pacific region. The sea cucumber extracts have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional compositions of H. scabra, and compare its important nutritional contents with that of other species.Methods: The sea cucumbers were dissected, sliced into small pieces, and then freeze-dried. The nutritional compositions, including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, collagen, GABA, Vitamin A, C, and E of the whole body and body wall of H. scabra, were analyzed.Results: H. scabra contained a high quantity of protein (22.50% in whole body and 55.18% in body wall) and very low lipids (1.55% in whole body and 1.02% in body wall). The three most abundant amino acids found in both the whole body and body wall were glycine, glutamic acid, and proline. The main fatty acids found in the whole body were stearic acid and nervonic acid, and in the body wall were arachidonic acid and stearic acid. The whole body and body wall also contained high levels of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and collagen, in addition to moderate amounts of vitamin E and low amounts of GABA and vitamin C.Conclusions: The sea cucumber, H. scabra, contained high quantity of protein and very low lipid. It contained high essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, nervonic and arachidonic acids, and collagen, which also contained GABA, vitamin C, and vitamin E.Keywords: sea cucumber; Holothuria scabra; nutrition components; functional food            

scholarly journals Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Delroisse ◽  
Kévin Van Wayneberghe ◽  
Patrick Flammang ◽  
David Gillan ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Skin Ulceration ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

AbstractAquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom—the skin ulceration—and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.

ELOQUENT ACTION: THE BODY AND MEANING IN EARLY COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
External Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Common Character

One of the things that strikes one most forcibly in surviving images of early commedia dell'arte is its enigmatic physicality, the manner in which its actors everywhere adopt postures and make gestures that seem not merely emphatic and exaggerated but almost hieroglyphic, full of some additional implication, laden with a figural and emblematic resonance that we sense but no longer see. In general terms, this quality is easily understood, as the body clearly served in commedia as a complex and polyvalent instrument of expression. Its gestures and movements were, as in all theatre, indexically linked to dramatic action, and they also served, as in much masked drama, as surrogates for the facial expression of affect, in that the movements and aspects of the whole body were enlisted to articulate the motions and mien of a veiled face and to overcome or play upon the sensation of estranged speech produced by the half-mask's bifurcation of the visage. Moreover, in a manner less familiar but illustrated well in Fig. 1, these movements and aspects also functioned as expressions in their own right, not articulating the affect or expression attendant upon immediate speech or situation or delineating the lines of external action but signaling the many impulses and various appetites of the world, the varied aspects of all persons and of the body itself, and invoking at times as their implicatory context human nature, common character, and identity rather than situation, attitude, or emotion.

Effectiveness of two tagging devices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Julián López-Morell ◽  
Alberto M. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Studies

A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.

scholarly journals Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Michel R. Claereboudt ◽  
Saud S. Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178. 

scholarly journals Medicinal cupping in the eyes of graph theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
N.M Hanafi ◽  
Y. Yusof ◽  
M.S. Mohamad ◽  
M.F.A Bakar ◽  
M.A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Simple Graph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Graph Colouring ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

Medicinal cupping is one of the traditional treatment methods that is trusted to give many benefits to the human health and still practising by various culture and societies around the world. The purposes of this treatment are to allow the toxin leaves the body,to stimulate the muscles and also helping in healing process for various diseases. The process start by placing special heated cups on specific points to create suction, then the points will be punctured. Each disease has specific cupping points to be cupped which located on the human nerves system. All the points actually connected to each other where a simple graph can be formed. Since there are limited studies that discuss medicinal cupping in a mathematics view, thus this research is conducted to introduce the easiest way  on demonstrating the cupping points on the human nerves system by using the idea of graph. Hence, new definition of nerve vertex, nerve edge and nerve graph will be defined. Moreover, the idea of graph colouring will be applied to determine the optimal number of cupping points.

6. From thought to action

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Ultimate Result

This chapter addresses muscles. The ultimate result of sensation and thought is usually some kind of action, be it moving the whole body; manipulating an object with the hand; or moving diaphragm, mouth, tongue, and voice-box to speak. All of these depend on muscles which, in their various forms, provide a nearly universal means for the nervous system to control the body and the world. Muscle cells are highly adapted for turning chemical energy into mechanical force. The chapter then looks at skeletal muscle and the musculoskeletal system. Some muscles are arranged circumferentially around a cavity. Two examples of this are the heart and the gut.

The role of the main ingredients of chocolate in the formation of its beneficial properties for the consumer

2021 ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
I.V. Goloviznin ◽  
A.V. Ryzhakova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Regular Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Confectionery Product

Chocolate is the most staple and consumed confectionery product in Russia and the world. The determination of the beneficial properties of such a product as chocolate is an important and regular process of food institutions in every country, since new lines of already well-known manufacturers and new manufacturers with an innovative assortment are added to the retail assortment. Today, it is very relevant and important to understand the impact of new products on human health. In this regard, in order to provide complete information on a specific product, it is necessary to know its composition, ingredients and their effect on the body separately and within the framework of a specific product. Along with its beneficial properties, chocolate can also affect health negatively. It is necessary to understand the mechanism of the effect of chocolate on human health when consumed and to assess the risks that may arise subsequently after its active consumption.

Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<strong>Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants.</strong> Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC<sub>50 </sub>of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC<sub>50</sub> 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.

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