PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP RANCIDITAS MINYAK KELAPA YANG DIPRODUKSI SECARA TRADISIONAL

Background: People of Maluku has the habit to cultivate oil palm fruit into oil by fermentation. The fermentation process that traditionally takes place at varying fermentation makes it easier rancid oil. This study aims to determine whether there was an effect on the fermentation time ranciditas coconut oil traditionally produced, ranciditas measured using a peroxide. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Basic Chemistry Pattimura University in Ambon on 10 September 2014 with a long fermentation 0 hours (control), 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: There is a very real effect ranciditas level lower palm oil contained in the fermentation 6 hours with an average rate of 0.0988 peroxide. Conclusion: Long fermentation influence on ranciditas coconut oil traditionally produced. The impact that an increase in peroxide value is the average with increasing length of fermentation.

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PRELIMINARY STUDIES FOR PRODUCING CRUDE LIPASE FROM TEMPE’S MOULD CULTIVATED IN RICE-HUSK-BASED SOLID MEDIA

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21703 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Teuku Beuna Bardant ◽

Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring ◽

Achmad Hanafi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Added Value ◽

Media Composition ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Solid Media ◽

Oil Derivatives ◽

Solid Fermentation ◽

Hydrolysis Activity

The goal of these preliminary studies is to support Indonesian program for increasing palm oil added value through independent production technology based on Indonesian natural resources. Various palm oil derivatives could be synthesized enzymatically using lipase from microbes that available in Indonesia. Tempe's mould is available in abundance in Indonesia and had already been proved for producing lipase. This paper provides information about producing crude lipase from Tempe's mould cultivated in rice-husk-based solid media using palm oil as carbon source. Observed variables include solid media composition, optimum fermentation time, extraction and enriching process of crude lipase. The crude lipase was analyzed its hydrolysis activity on coconut oil and palm oil. The result of these preliminary studies shows that this production process is a simple and tough process and very potential to be developed. Keywords: lipase, Tempe's mould, palm oil, solid fermentation, rice husk

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Preparing Households for the Oil Palm Replanting Program: Is an Empowerment Program Needed?

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 179-195

Author(s):

Ardi Novra ◽

Fatati ◽

Adriani

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Household Income ◽

Regional Economy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Research Result ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

The Impact

This article describes a new idea of how the level of intervention in household empowerment policies is based on an empirical study of the magnitude of the negative impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting (SPR) program. One of the negative impacts is the temporary loss of income (TLI) for farmer households due to the cessation of production of oil palm fruit bunches. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the impact of the SPR program on household and regional economies as a basis for making decisions on the intensity level of community empowerment programs. The household survey research was conducted in three village centers for smallholder rubber plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia: Purwodadi Village, Dataran Kempas, and Sungai Keruh. The research result shows that the average potential TLI in each household is IDR 2,364,644/month (equivalent to 74.55% of the oil palm household income or 39.78% of the regional economy) if replanting palm oil is carried out. Purwodadi Village is the village most vulnerable to regional economic disturbances due to the high potential for TLI, reaching 99.43% of the oil palm household income and 67.06% of the regional economy. The level of TLI is influenced by factors of age and area of old oil palm plants, the proportion of households that will undergo the replanting process of oil palm, and the level of dependence of regions on oil palm farming. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is still a need for innovation and expansion of empowerment programs to encourage household readiness in facing the community oil palm rejuvenation program.

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PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP TOTAL ASAM CUKA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr.)

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol1issue2page140-145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 140-145

Author(s):

Hesty Leasa ◽

M Nur Matdoan

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Total Acid ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Palm Juice

Background: Vinegar aren is one product that can be consumed also has many benefits for society. Palm vinegar is produced from palm juice that is fermented. The fermentation process that traditionally takes place at varying fermentation time make total acids in different palm vinegar. This study aimed to determine the effect on the total fermentation of palm vinegar. Methods: The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Basic Chemistry Pattimura University in Ambon on 9 to 13 September 2014 with a long fermentation 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: The results showed a significant influence, namely high total acetic acid contained in the fermentation 6 days is 4.56%. Conclusion: Long fermentation greatly affect the total vinegar palm juice. The influence that occurs is the increase in total acid levels with increasing palm vinegar fermentation.

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STUDI AWAL GRADING BUAH SAWIT DENGAN BANTUAN INJEKSI TEGANGAN LISTRIK SEARAH

Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jkfi.16.2.103-106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Andri Saputra ◽

Wahyu Candra ◽

Yan Soerbakti ◽

Romi Fadli Syahputra ◽

Defrianto Defrianto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Applied Voltage ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Voltage Change ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Dry Out ◽

The Impact

Maturity progress of palm fruit is greatly depending on the availability of nutrients and environments. Determining maturity level of palm fruit is important to evaluate the quality of palm oil fruits. The younger or too mature fruits will produce poor quality of crude palm oil (CPO). An appropriate devices are needed that can measure the level of fruit maturity so that uniformity of maturity grade can be carried out to obtain high quality CPO. This research provides a preliminary study of voltage change on the surface of oil palm seeds which subjected by electric potential. The low directional voltage (DC) injection treatment, ~ 10V, was applied to investigate the impact of applied voltage on palm oil seeds with three different levels of maturity, i.e. immature (young), ripe and over ripe . The results shown that oil palm fruit quite quickly responds to injection of DC applied voltage with different responding voltage. This responding voltage tends to increase with increasing maturity levels, but decreases for over ripe fruit which has falling down and starting to dry out.

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Stabilitas Oksidasi Lipida Terstruktur Berbasis Minyak Kelapa dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit [Oxidative Stability of Structured Lipid Based on Coconut Oil and Palm Oil]

Buletin Palma ◽

10.21082/bp.v18n2.2017.53-62 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Siti Nurhasanah ◽

Nur Wulandari ◽

S. Joni Munarso ◽

Purwiyatno Hariyadi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Peroxide Value ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Structured Lipid ◽

Total Oxidation ◽

Anisidine Value ◽

Novozyme 435

Lipase-catalyzed interesterification is used to synthesize a value added structured lipid (SL) from coconut oil and palm oil. SL is a modified lipid (triacylglycerols; TAG) with replacement and/or arrangement of fatty acid positions to change the fatty acid composition and/or their positional distribution in glycerol backbone. In this research, modification was conducted by enzymatic process, to produced SLs with some beneficial changes in chemical and physical properties. Sepecifically, objective of this research was to study the oxidative stability of SL obtained from enzymatic interesterification of coconut oil and palm oil. Stability was studied using schaal oven test method and parameters tested were free fatty acid, peroxide value, anisidine value, total oxidation, and thio barbituric acid (TBA) value. Results showed that the type of lipase used and length of interesterification resulted in SL with different oxidative stability. Among SLs evaluated, SL produced with esterification process using lipase of Novozyme 435 for 5 hours has high oxidative stability. At the end of the observation, product that was stored for 4 weeks at 50 oC, contained free fatty acid value of 4.21 %, peroxide value of 2.88 meq O2⁄kg, anisidine value of 5.16, TBA value of 2.01 mg malonaldehyde/kg sample, and total oxidation of 10.92. Those result shows that oxidation stability parameter of structured lipid still meet the standard of palm oil product and its derivatives AbstrakInteresterifikasi enzimatik dengan lipase digunakan untuk mensintesis lipida terstruktur (structured lipid/SL) dari bahan baku minyak kelapa dan kelapa sawit. SL adalah lipida (trigliserida) termodifikasi melalui penggantian dan/atau pengaturan posisi asam-asam lemak pada kerangka gliserolnya. Pada penelitian ini modifikasi secara enzimatik untuk dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk SL dengan sifat kimia dan fisika tertentu yang memiliki nilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari stabilitas oksidasi produk SL hasil interesterifikasi enzimatik minyak kelapa dan minyak kelapa sawit. Stabilitas oksidasi diukur dengan menggunakan metode uji oven schaal dengan parameter uji adalah asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan anisidin, total oksidasi, dan nilai asam tio barbiturat (TBA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis lipase yang digunakan dan lama interesterifikasi menghasilkan SL dengan stabilitas yang berbeda. Diantara produk SL yang dievaluasi, SL yang diperoleh dari proses interesterifikasi menggunakan lipase Novozyme 435 selama 5 jam mempunyai stabilitas oksidasi tinggi. Pada akhir pengamatan, produk yang disimpan selama 4 minggu pada suhu 50 oC memiliki nilai asam lemak bebas 4,21%, bilangan peroksida 2,88 meq O2/kg, bilangan anisidin 5,16, bilangan TBA 2,01 mg malonaldehid/kg sampel, dan nilai total oksidasi 10,92. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas oksidasi lipid terstruktur yang dihasilkan mampu memenuhi standar sebagai produk minyak sawit dan turunannya.

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A Bench-Top Machine for Oil Palm Mesocarp Separation

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v3i1.691 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

Nongyao Mueangdee ◽

Suteera Prasertsan

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Disk Surface ◽

Small Scale ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Fibrous Matrix ◽

The Individual ◽

Small Steel ◽

Small Holes

Palm oil is rich in carotenoids and the major component of its glycerides is the saturated fatty acid palmitic. Because of its economic importance as high-yielding source of edible and technical oils, the oil palm is now grown as a plantation crop in most countries with high rainfall in tropical climates within 10 of the equator. The individual fruit ranging from 6 to 20 gm, are made up of an outer skin (the exocape), a pulp (mesocarp) containing the palm oil in a fibrous matrix; a central nut consisting of a shell (endocarp); and the kernel, which itself contains an oil, quite different to palm oil, resembling coconut oil (Poku, 2002). Nowaday in Thailand there is no small-scale suitable machine for farmers to separate palm mesocarp from palm nut. This research aims to develop a machine to separate palm fruit mesocarp to yield palm oil of better quality. The machine has four units, namely a mechanical power unit, feed unit, mesocarp milling unit, and discharge unit. The vital part is the mesocarp milling disc, which is the main report of this paper. There are three types of discs according to the surface typography under this study: 1) a disk with small holes and rectangular steel bars on the disk surface; 2) a disk with small holes, each with 1.2 centimeter diameter; 3) a disk with small holes and small steel items on the disk surface. It was found that the highest yield was obtained from the disk with small steel items and can separate mesocarp cleanly from the palm fruit.

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Impak Kerjasama Politik Umno-Pas Terhadap Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia Dari Tahun 1973 Hingga 1978

Sains Insani ◽

10.33102/sainsinsani.vol2no1.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub ◽

Osman Md Rasip

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Historical Research ◽

Radio Station ◽

The Political ◽

Coalition Government ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Political Cooperation ◽

Islamic Religion ◽

Political Approach ◽

The Impact

This article discusses impact of UMNO-PAS political cooperation towards Islamic development in Malaysia from 1973 until 1978. The success of political cooperation in 1973 was the result of both UMNO’s leader, Tun Abdul Razak and PAS’s leader, Asri Muda willingness to explore a new political approach compared to what was being practiced at that time. Both leaders then started the development of a government known as the ‘Cooperation Government’ with the combination of UMNO and PAS in 1973 and later on, the development of the National Front’s (BN) Coalition Government in 1974. The Islamic religion benefits the most from the development of the Coalition Government which is a favourable gain for the Malays in Malaysia. Henceforth, this article will discuss in detail on the impact of the political cooperation between UMNO and PAS within the cooperation period. The methods used for this research is by interview and also by referring to secondary sources which are analyzed in a historical descriptive manner that is normally practiced in historical research. At the end of this research it is established that there are profound impacts to the Islamic religion within the UMNO-PAS cooperation period within 1973 to 1978 for example, the television and radio station beginning starting their programmes with the recitation from Quranic verses, the promulgation of ‘Adhan, alcohols are no longer served in official government’s function, lottery companies are not allowed to promote and announce the lottery results in official government’s media, the establishment of Islamic institution, the strengthening of Islamic education and the appropriate change in the relevant ministry’s symbols. This article can be utilized by subsequent researchers who wish to study the impact of political cooperation between UMNO and PAS. Keywords: political cooperation, UMNO-PAS, cooperation government ABTRAK:Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai impak kerjasama politik UMNO-PAS terhadap perkembangan Islam di Malaysia dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Kerjasama politik yang berjaya dibentuk bermula pada tahun 1973 adalah hasil daripada kesediaan Tun Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Asri Muda yang menerajui UMNO dan PAS pada ketika itu mencetuskan perubahan corak berpolitik yang berbeza berbanding sebelumnya. Maka, kedua-dua pemimpin ini kemudiannya merintis pembentukan sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan UMNO dengan PAS menerusi Kerajaan Campuran pada tahun 1973 dan Kerajaan Gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) pada tahun 1974. Hasil daripada kejayaan penubuhan kedua-dua kerajaan ini, perkembangan Islam di negara ini bertambah pesat dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh keseluruhan orang Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan secara terperinci impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dalam tempoh kerjasama politik berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunapakai kaedah temubual dan menyorot sejumlah sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif sejarah (historical descriptive analysis) yang lazimnya dipraktikkan dalam kajian sejarah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati terdapat impak-impak jelas terhadap perkembangan Islam di negara ini sepanjang tempoh kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Antara impak-impak tersebut ialah permulaan siaran televisyen dan radio dengan bacaan ayat-ayat suci Al-Quran, mengumandangkan suara azan, penghapusan arak dalam majlis-majlis kerajaan, penghapusan promosi dan keputusan judi di media kerajaan, penubuhan institusi Islam, pemerkasaan pendidikan Islam dan penukaran simbol institisu kerajaan. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik berikutnya untuk menilai impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS.Kata kunci: kerjasama politik, UMNO-PAS, kerajaan campuran

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Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

ICONIET PROCEEDING ◽

10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Vincentius Vincentius ◽

Evita H. Legowo ◽

Irvan S. Kartawiria

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Alternative Source ◽

The Earth ◽

The One ◽

Wet Fermentation ◽

Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

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