Influence of Fly Ash Addition on Behavior of Soft Clayey Soil

This paper investigates the impact of the fly Ash addition on the Geotechnical properties of soft soil as well as chooses the optimum percentage added of fly ash. To understand the behavior of fly ash mixed with soil, a number of laboratory experiments testing conducted on clayey soil-fly ash mixture in several percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30%) as Atterberg test, Specific gravity test, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, Consolidation Test. Test results indicate rising in plastic limit and liquid limit as fly ash adding. Specific gravity decreased essentially by adding fly ash. Whereas there was falling on the Dry unit weight value with the contract to the decreasing in the water content. The CBR and UCS values were increased with increasing fly ash content. 20% was the optimum fly Ash content. This study also benefits the effective use of fly ash and thus a cost-effective method for improving the soil properties.

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Assessment and Characterization of Mine Waste and Fly Ash Material for Effective Utilization in Opencast Coal Mines

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.a1985.059120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2490-2500

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Soil Type ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Angle Of Internal Friction ◽

Planning And Control ◽

The Impact

Coal is a major source of nonrenewable energy in India. Most of the Industries depend on the coal to meet the energy demand of the country. Coal mining is invariably associated with the generation of voids. The voids so generated are often filled with overburden (OB) and waste materials. To enhance the utilization, fly ash (FA) is also being used for filling the voids. However, these operations inevitably require excessive planning and control to minimize the environmental impact of mining. In order to evaluate the impact of backfilling the voids with coal mine wastes and fly ash, Overburden and fly ash materials have been collected from Talcher coalfield. The geotechnical characterization study of overburden (OB) sample and OB+30% fly ash samples have been carried out separately for backfilling. After addition of fly ash, it is observed that the permeability is increased but liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index (PI) of the OB are decreased. The maximum dry unit weight of OB mixture decreases while optimum water content increases with the fly ash. The angle of internal friction of OB decreases after addition of the fly ash. Cohesion value of OB sample has not changed much after addition of the fly ash. The grain size analyses results show OB sample is poorly graded. The OB soil type is found to be poorly graded sand of low compressible clay (SP-CL). Similarly, the OB+30% fly ash soil type is of poorly graded sand of low compressible silty (SP-ML) type. The OB and OB+ 30% fly ash contain heavy metals such as Fe and Al in high quantity, mild concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Mn and low amounts of Cu, Co, As, and Se. B and Pb are found below the detection level. The decreasing order of heavy metals in the leachate samples observed to be Fe>Mn>Ni>Cu>Zn>Se>Co>Cd>Cr>As. The major mineral phases in OB and OB+30% fly ash samples are found to be quartz, kaolinite, muscovite, dickite, zinnwaldite, and illite.

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Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201816201020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 01020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nahla Salim ◽

Kawther Al-Soudany ◽

Nora Jajjawi

Keyword(s):

Soil Stabilization ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Waste Material ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Dry Density ◽

Maximum Dry Density ◽

Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

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Investigation to some Preliminary Geotechnical Properties of Soft Clay Stabilized by Fly Ash Based Geopolymers

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.857.259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 259-265

Author(s):

Jasim M. Abbas ◽

Amer M Ibrahim ◽

Abdalla M. Shihab

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Geotechnical Properties ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Dry Density ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Plastic Behavior ◽

Maximum Dry Density

The civil engineering projects that includes soft clay within its activities has a serious concern of hazards, such hazards can be overcame by treating the existing soils by certain materials which are named as "stabilizers". The common materials that are highly used in this field are ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, lime and rice husk ash, etc. Each one of these stabilizers has its known shortcomings. The alkali activation of any alumina silicate source produces some kind of cost effective primary binding gel which is known as "Geopolymers". This study is devoted to investigate the role of liquid over fly ash ratio to some soil – FA based Geopolymers geotechnical properties. Such ratio is taken as 2.71, 3.167, 3.8 and 4.75 respectively within the experimental program and the investigated geotechnical properties are the specific gravity, liquid and plastic limit, compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio. The tests results showed that the maximum dry density decreased about 42 % at 2.71 liq/FA whereas this the specific gravity decreased 27 % at the same this ratio. In addition, the 3.8 and 4.75 of such limits revealed no plastic behavior due to the high presence of liquid.

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Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Artificial Geopolymer Aggregates with Natural Aggregate

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.290 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 290-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alida Abdullah ◽

Ku Amirrul Rahman Ku Yin ◽

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

Kamarudin Hussin ◽

Mien Van Tran

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

High Water ◽

Natural Aggregate ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Impact

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregates with natural aggregate (rock) in term of its impact strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The raw materials used were fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and natural aggregate. After the artificial geopolymer aggregate has been produced, its water absorption, specific gravity and aggregate impact test has been done. All results obtained were compared to natural aggregate. The result shows that the fly ash geopolymer aggregate are lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value for fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate slightly high compared to natural aggregate while it has high water absorption value compared to natural aggregate. As conclusion, the fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate can be used as one of the construction materials in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.

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Study on the consolidation properties of soft soil distributed in the North Center coastal area of Vietnam

Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences ◽

10.46326/jmes.htcs2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (HTCS6) ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

Son Truong Bui ◽

Nu Thi Nguyen ◽

Tho Duc Pham ◽

Duong Thanh Nguyen ◽

Keyword(s):

Normal Stress ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Applied Pressure ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Consolidation Pressure ◽

The North ◽

Consolidation Coefficient ◽

Consolidation Parameters

Consolidation parameters of soft soil play an important role in calculating settlement and soft soil improvement by vertical drainage method (distance, quantity, treatment time). In this study, using oedometer tests, consolidation parameters of some soft soils in the North Central coastal region, Vietnam are clarified. The research results show that the compression index Cc has a strong relationship with the natural water content, liquid limit, dry unit weight, and void ratio of the soil. The consolidation coefficient significantly depends on the applied pressure level, at the over-consolidation stage (normal stress is less than pre-consolidation pressure), the consolidation coefficient is high. By contrast, at the normal consolidation stage (normal stress is greater than pre-consolidation pressure), the coefficient of consolidation is small. The pre-consolidation pressure of soil changes with the distribution depth.

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Geotechnical Properties of Soft Marine Soil at Chan May Port, Vietnam

Inżynieria Mineralna ◽

10.29227/im-2021-02-18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Thi Nu NGUYEN ◽

Thanh Duong NGUYEN ◽

Truong Son BUI

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Water Content ◽

Void Ratio ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Geotechnical Properties ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Dry Unit Weight ◽

Marine Soil

Soft marine soil deposit is distributed under the sea with many special properties. This type ofsoil is rarely researched in Vietnam because of the difficult geotechnical investigation under the sea level.In this paper, the experimental laboratories were performed to investigate the geotechnical properties ofsoft marine soil at Chan May port, Vietnam. The field investigation results indicate that the thickness ofsoft soil varies from a few meters to more than ten meters. Soft soil has a high value of water content,void ratio, and compressibility and a low value of shear strength. The compression index has a goodrelationship with water content, liquid limit, and dry unit weight. The unit weight, shear strength, and preconsolidationpressure increase with the increase of depth. These results show that the soil in the studyarea is unfavorable for construction activities.

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Improving Maternal and Child Health in Bangladesh: The Integration of Midwives in Conjunction With the United Nations Millenium Development Goals Initiative

International ResearchScape Journal ◽

10.25035/irj.03.01.10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Casto

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

United Nations ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Millennium Development Goals ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Development Goals ◽

The United Nations ◽

The Impact ◽

And Child Health

As the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative comes to a close, it is important to examine what has been effective in combating disparities in developing nations. In this paper I explore the impact midwives have on improving maternal and child health in Bangladesh by focusing on how the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative has helped to change societal views on women and birth as midwives become more integrated into improving maternal and child health. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach analyzing the statistics of implementing midwives as these impact cost-effectiveness and change in mortality rates in addition to social changes that have occurred in the culture towards maternal and child health. The paper further analyzes programs implemented by countries such as India and Sri Lanka comparatively. Data have been collected from published United Nations and governmental reports, media, and research articles. The paper concludes that the implementation of midwives has provided a cost-effective method of reducing maternal and child health in Bangladesh, and will be increasingly efficient as governmental programs continue to improve various aspects and laws of the country. It is important to analyze what is working in order to further improve maternal and child health on both a regional and global level. The use of midwives can provide a fundamental framework in communities that can aid in reducing health disparities as well as all improve all facets of reproductive wellness, providing the support needed at all stages to improve maternal and child health.

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Effect of Fly Ash Content on Mechanical Properties of Cement-Fly Ash Stabilized Crushed Stones

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.228 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 548-549 ◽

pp. 228-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao Chen ◽

Ji Wei Liu ◽

Ming Kai Zhou

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Crack Resistance ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Ash Content ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

Cleavage Strength ◽

The Impact

To improve the impact of fly ash on the properties of cement-fly ash stabilized crushed stone, and promote it popularize and apply better. This paper investigated the effect of fly ash content on unconfined compressive strength, cleavage strength and resilient modulus of cement-fly ash stabilized crushed stones, and those relationships between mechanical parameters. The results showed that with increasing of the fly ash content, the unconfined compressive strength and cleavage strength increased at first, then decreased, the resilient modulus decreased, and The brittleness index increased. We can conclude that the optimal fly ash content is between 10% and 15%, and increment of fly ash content can improve its crack-resistance.

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Remediation of Clayey Soil Using Silica Fume

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201816201017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 01017

Author(s):

Kawther Al-Soudany

Keyword(s):

Silica Fume ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Clay Material ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽

Fine Grained Soil ◽

Swell Pressure

This paper evaluates the use of silica fumes as modification of fine-grained soil in order to alter undesirable properties of the native soil and create new useful soils. Silica fume as well as clay material, are used in changing the engineering properties to be compatible and satisfying this is due to their pozzolanic reactivity. The study aims to investigate the uses of these materials in geotechnical engineering and to improve the properties of soils. Four percentages of silica fumes were used in the present study, which is 0, 3, 5 and 7%. Classification, specific gravity, compaction characteristics, swell and swell pressure, CBR and compressive strength tests had been conducted on the prepared and modified soils. Results clarified that the silica fume increasing leads to decrease the plasticity index and liquid limit. Increasing in silica fume causes an increasing in plastic limit and optimum water contents while the maximum dry unit weight values decrease. The compressive shear strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swell and swell pressure is improved by using silica fume so that silica fume can be considered as a successful material in improving the soil properties.

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