scholarly journals Frequency analyses of human voice using fast Fourier transform

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Jinan F. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Voice

Quantitative analysis of human voice has been subject of interest and the subject gained momentum when human voice was identified as a modality for human authentication and identification. The main organ responsible for production of sound is larynx and the structure of larynx along with its physical properties and modes of vibration determine the nature and quality of sound produced. There has been lot of work from the point of view of fundamental frequency of sound and its characteristics. With the introduction of additional applications of human voice interest grew in other characteristics of sound and possibility of extracting useful features from human voice. We conducted a study using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique to analyze human voice to identify different frequencies present in the voice with their relative proportion while pronouncing selected words like numbers. Details of findings are presented

scholarly journals On Kaufmann's theory of the impact of the pianoforte hammer

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (682) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Rigorous Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The theory of the vibrations of the pianoforte string put forward by Kaufmann in a well-known paper has figured prominently in recent discussions on the acoustics of this instrument. It proceeds on lines radically different from those adopted by Helmholtz in his classical treatment of the subject. While recognising that the elasticity of the pianoforte hammer is not a negligible factor, Kaufmann set out to simplify the mathematical analysis by ignoring its effect altogether, and treating the hammer as a particle possessing only inertia without spring. The motion of the string following the impact of the hammer is found from the initial conditions and from the functional solutions of the equation of wave-propagation on the string. On this basis he gave a rigorous treatment of two cases: (1) a particle impinging on a stretched string of infinite length, and (2) a particle impinging on the centre of a finite string, neither of which cases is of much interest from an acoustical point of view. The case of practical importance treated by him is that in which a particle impinges on the string near one end. For this case, he gave only an approximate theory from which the duration of contact, the motion of the point struck, and the form of the vibration-curves for various points of the string could be found. There can be no doubt of the importance of Kaufmann’s work, and it naturally becomes necessary to extend and revise his theory in various directions. In several respects, the theory awaits fuller development, especially as regards the harmonic analysis of the modes of vibration set up by impact, and the detailed discussion of the influence of the elasticity of the hammer and of varying velocities of impact. Apart from these points, the question arises whether the approximate method used by Kaufmann is sufficiently accurate for practical purposes, and whether it may be regarded as applicable when, as in the pianoforte, the point struck is distant one-eighth or one-ninth of the length of the string from one end. Kaufmann’s treatment is practically based on the assumption that the part of the string between the end and the point struck remains straight as long as the hammer and string remain in contact. Primâ facie , it is clear that this assumption would introduce error when the part of the string under reference is an appreciable fraction of the whole. For the effect of the impact would obviously be to excite the vibrations of this portion of the string, which continue so long as the hammer is in contact, and would also influence the mode of vibration of the string as a whole when the hammer loses contact. A mathematical theory which is not subject to this error, and which is applicable for any position of the striking point, thus seems called for.

Analysis of public safety in European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka ◽  
Agata Żółtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Subject

Maintaining security is one of public tasks that determine the quality of life of the population. This issue is the subject of much debate both social and political. An in-depth assessment of the situation requires a variety of analyzes, significant from the point of view of the implementation of appropriate, effective strategy to increase the sense of security among citizens. The aim of the paper is to compare the state of public safety in selected European countries. The study was conducted based on Eurostat data from the years 2005–2011.

scholarly journals THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN RETELLING A MOVIE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
DESTRI WAHYUNINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Study Habit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Test Result

The objective of this research were to know the factors that influence the students’ difficulties in retelling a movie. The subject of this research consists of 14 students at second semester STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek. The method used in this study was Descriptive Analysis Research. The data of this research was gathered through retelling a movie test and giving questionnaire. The techniques of data analysis used quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis was used to count the percentage of student’s score test and students answer the questionnaire. On the other hand, the qualitative analysis used to describe or interpret the result of quantitative analysis result. The researcher obtained the scores of the test result were 43, 57%. It was categorized less. And then the factors that influence students’ difficulties based on indicators of retelling a movie are English movie media, limited educational background to watch English movie and students’ less practice.The factors that influence difficulties from the internal factor was intelligence got 54%, interest got 78% and fatigue got 3%. The most factors that influence is interest. It got 78% of the students felt uninterested to watch the movie and retell it. The factors that influence difficulties from the external factors were family (56%), school (24%), society (57%). Society factors most influences the students’ difficulties in retelling a movie because the students have more interaction with it. The result of the research showed the factors that influence students’ difficulties occurred because of inappropriate media, students’ bad study habit, students’ point of view, laziness, and bad action negative activities inside and outside them.

Theoretical Aspects of the Quality of Educational Services Provided

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
V.P. Leonova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Vasileva ◽  
E.V. Povorina ◽  
D.V. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
End User ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Theoretical Side

a modern education system must meet the needs of society. But from the point of view of considering the theoretical side of the issue, the education system that provides educational services is a service provider not only for the end user of the service. In various views of the theory of the question, educational services are considered as services for the state, society and the student. The article considers the main approaches to determining the quality of educational services and the regulatory and legal support of the educational process. The object of the research is the theoretical foundations of the quality of educational services. The subject of the study is the quality of educational services.

scholarly journals Sustainable, Smart and Muslim-Friendly Tourist Destinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cuesta-Valiño ◽  
Fadoua Bolifa ◽  
Estela Núñez-Barriopedro
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Digital Channels

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools are perfect for developing tourism. Several countries are making an effort to become smart and sustainable tourist destinations, making it easier for tourists to interact with their environment while at the same time improving the quality of life for local people. There are many studies of this process and the benefits it brings, although most of them approach the subject from a western traveler’s point of view. This article aims to study the benefits of being a smart and Muslim-friendly tourist destination. An exploratory study was therefore carried out, including a bibliographical review of over one hundred secondary sources. We analyze the Muslim-friendly online services provided by nine destinations, and one of our principal conclusions is that these online services are of the greatest importance for a destination to be truly Muslim-friendly. We also conclude that such services allow companies to design tailored proposals and promote them through digital channels aimed at Muslim people.

Do well-reputed companies carry out higher quality social reporting? An empirical approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Castilla-Polo ◽  
María Del Consuelo Ruiz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Voluntary Disclosures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weighted Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Relative Quality

PurposeThe purpose of this research objective was to analyse social reporting within MERCO Business companies both from the point of view of the quantity of information disclosed and the references about their quality. This approach constitutes a novelty with respect to previous literature on the subject.Design/methodology/approachThis paper assesses how social reporting is being carried out by the companies included in the MERCO Corporate Reputation Business Monitor, MERCO Business, during the period 2014–2016. The methodological design include the construction of a weighted index based on two unweighted indexes related to the quantity revealed and the quality detected. In addition, this study integrates intellectual capital and social responsibility approaches in order to deep into these voluntary disclosures.FindingsWhile social reporting is considerable from a quantitative point of view within MERCO Business companies, they do not reach very high levels of quality, which is good to counteract the final value of the quantity–quality index that the authors' propose.Research limitations/implicationsIn MERCO Business companies, quantity is not a proxy for quality within social reporting. In this sense, only considering both dimensions it will be possible to assess these disclosures in a more complete way.Practical implicationsThis study allows a more accurate and comparable view of social reporting than those studies that only focus on how much information is disclosed. Besides, it involves an important advance in the identification of the relative quality of social reporting, opening a new line of research that will be key to comparing this type of disclosures in a more homogeneous way. Likewise, the results can be applied in future studies in the intellectual capital field given the complementarity between both types of disclosures.Social implicationsLikewise, these results will be of interest for future actions aimed at regulating the improvement of the quality of social reporting in the hands of managers, investors and regulators.Originality/valueThe authors have tested the value of quality in social reporting using a weighted index amongst the most reputable companies in the Spanish scenario. These disclosures have been compared with and without the use of it in order to deduce its value to obtain valid conclusions about social reporting.

Note on the FFT Based Computational Code and Its Application

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Jin ◽  
Leon M. Keer ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Toeplitz Matrix ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm ◽  
Discrete Convolution ◽  
Mathematical Point ◽  
Computational Code

The discrete convolution based Fast Fourier Transform algorithm (DC-FFT) has been successfully applied in numerical simulation of contact problems. The algorithm is revisited from a mathematical point of view, equivalent to a Toeplitz matrix multiplied by a vector. The nature of the convolution property permits one to implement the algorithm with fewer constraints in choosing the computational domains. This advantageous feature is explored in the present work, and is expected to be beneficial to many tribological studies.

scholarly journals On the physiology of the human voice

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Equal Thickness

After premising a brief description of the system of organs which are subservient to the voice, the author proceeds to consider the several theories which have been devised to account for its various modifications. These theories have, for the most part, been founded on the laws which regulate the vibratory movements of stretched membranous surfaces; and the investigation of those laws has accordingly occupied the attention of many eminent mathematicians, such as Euler, Bernoulli, Riccati, Biot, Poisson and Herschel; but it is a subject requiring the most profound analysis, and involving the resolution of problems of much greater complexity than the laws of the vibrations of either strings or bars. The assumptions which are necessary in order to bring the subject within the reach of analysis, namely, that the membrane is homogeneous in its substance, and of equal thickness and elasticity throughout its whole extent, are at variance with the actual conditions of the vocal organs, which are composed of tissues differing in thickness, density and elasticity, and of which the tension is indeterminate; circumstances which present insuperable obstacles to the attainment of a mathematical theory of their vibrations. The author, after giving a critical account of the experiments made by Biot, Willis, Müller, Cagniard la Tour and De Kempelin on the vibrations of membranous laminae, examines the various actions of the vocal organs during the production of the more simple tones; and considers more especially the office of the vocal ligaments, in regulating the pitch of the voice, which he considers as resulting from variations in their length and tension conjointly. By applying to the chordæ vocales the formulæ of vibrating cords, he traces the influence which is exerted on their movements by the mucous membranes; and finds that they obey, to a certain extent, the laws of vibrating strings.

The Voice and the Echo of Romantic Poetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
György Eisemann
Keyword(s):  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Voice

The inherence of textuality and meaning in the relation of the voice and the reading in the lyrical discourse appears with a special intensity. In the romantic poetry the materialisation of language into pure signals is presented as the threat of the speech with the termination of the co-existence of writing and voicing. The modern poetry tries to bridge this fracture, makes huge efforts for the co-operation between message and channels of the transmission. The echo is that romantic motif and rhyme technical method, which first brings to scene the difference between voice and speaker. It makes the words hearable in such a manner that their direct source is already not the subject of the language. For example E. A. Poe’s poem (The Raven) implements a „materializing” process, consequently the immateriality of the memory may be incarnated in the voice of speaker, and in the heard and loudly repeated pronoun („nevermore”). This metamorphosis manifests the hidden, authentic meaningful capability of language, that was considered until then as only a denoting-semiotic structure. This way the romanticism ties the signs of the paper sheet and their sounding to the immateriality of human voice and seems to have been unavoidable until our days as regards the poetic existence of language.

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