scholarly journals Analisa Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Menggunakan Metode HAZOPs Di Area Gas Cleaning System Di PT. RK

Author(s):  
Muhamad Bob Anthony

PT. RK is one of the major international steel producing companies. This study aims to determine the potential hazards and the value of the level of risk that is likely to occur in the new plant owned by PT. RK i.e. the gas cleaning system area which is currently in the process of entering 95% progress. This study uses the Hazard & Operability Study (HAZOPs) method in analyzing risks in the gas cleaning system area of PT. RK. The Hazard & Operability Study (HAZOPs) method was used in this study because this method is very suitable for a new plant to be used. Based on the identification of potential hazards and risk analysis that has been done in the area of gas cleaning system using the HAZOPs method, it was found that 11 deviations that might occur from all existing nodes, i.e. for extreme risk levels of 1 (one) deviation or 9%, level high risk of 2 (two) deviations or 18%, moderate risk level of 6 (six) deviations or 55% and low risk level of 2 (two) deviations or 18%.Keyword : Gas Cleaning System, HAZOPs, Potential of Hazard, Risk Levels PT. RK merupakan salah satu perusahaan manufaktur besar penghasil baja berskala internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya dan nilai level risiko yang kemungkinan terjadi di plant baru milik PT. RK yaitu area gas cleaning system yang saat ini proses pekerjaannya sudah memasuki progress 95%. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Hazard & Operability Study (HAZOPs) dalam menganalisa risiko di area gas cleaning system  PT. RK.  Metode Hazard & Operability Study (HAZOPs) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan metode ini sangat cocok untuk sebuah plant baru yang akan digunakan. Berdasarkan identifikasi potensi bahaya dan analisa risiko yang telah dilakukan di area gas cleaning system dengan menggunakan metode HAZOPs, didapatkan bahwa 11 penyimpangan yang kemungkinan terjadi dari semua node yang ada yaitu untuk level risiko extreme sebanyak 1 (satu) penyimpangan atau sebesar 9%, level risiko high risk sebanyak 2 (dua) penyimpangan atau sebesar 18%, level risiko moderate sebanyak 6 (enam) penyimpangan atau sebesar 55% dan level risiko low risk sebanyak 2 (dua) penyimpangan atau sebesar 18%.Kata Kunci: Gas Cleaning System, HAZOPs, Level Risiko, Potensi Bahaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Piras ◽  
G Murenu ◽  
G Piras ◽  
G Pia ◽  
A Azara ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Falls in hospital are adverse events with serious consequences for the patient. Fall risk assessment requires easy tools that are suitable for the specific clinical context. This is important to quickly identify preventing measures. The aim of the study is to identify an appropriate scale for assessing fall risk in patients from an emergency department. Methods For the fall risk assessment in the emergency department, three scales were identified in literature: Kinder 1, MEDFRAT, and Morse. MEDFRAT and Morse classify the patient in high, moderate, and low risk; Kinder 1 split patients “at risk” (also when there is only one positive item) and “non-risk” (in which all items are negative). The study was carried out in July 2019 in an Italian emergency department. Patients who arrived in triage were assessed for the fall risk using the three scales. Results On a sample of 318 patients, the used scales show different levels of fall risk. For Kinder 1, 83.02% is at risk and 16.98% is not at risk; for MEDFRAT, 14.78% is at high risk, 15.09% moderate, and 70.13% low risk; for Morse, 8.81% is at high risk, 35.53% moderate, and 56.66% low risk. As Kinder 1 implies as “high risk” that all items of the questionnaire are positive, to compare Kinder 1 to the other scales with three measurements, we assumed only one positive response as “moderate risk”, all negative responses as “low risk”. Thus, Kinder 1 shows no cases at high risk, 83.02% moderate risk, and 16.98% low risk. All the scales show that the moderate-high risk increases with age. MEDFRAT and Morse have concordant percentages for young (13.6%), elderly (61.2%), and long-lived (66.6%) people. Kinder 1, 59%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The comparison between scales shows inhomogeneity in identifying the level of risk. MEDFRAT and Morse appear more reliable and consistent. Key messages An appropriate assessment scale is important to identify the fall risk level. Identifying accurate fall risk levels allows for implementing specific prevention actions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
R Noviani ◽  
P Wijayanti ◽  
C Muryani ◽  
Ahmad ◽  
Sarwono ◽  
...  

Abstract Karanganyar Regency is one of the districts in Central Java which prone of the natural disasters. Based on data Posdes 2018, it is known that the types of disasters that often occurred in Karanganyar Regency during the last three years, from 2015 to 2017 were landslides, floods, and drought. Therefore, it is important to know the multi-risk level of the three types of disasters. The method used in this research is scoring and weighting, as well as overlay between constituent parameters. Based on the results of research using the VCA matrix multiplication method, it is known that the high risk level covers 3,589.67 Ha or 4.46% areas that spread in 15 districts (except Jatipuro and Jumapolo); moderate risk level covers 34,624.94 Ha or 43.04% areas that spread in 16 districts (except Tasikmadu); The low risk level covers 42,254.98 Ha or 52.53% areas that spread in 7 districts (Colomadu, Gondangrejo, Tasikmadu, Matesih, Tawangmangu, Jumapolo, Jatiyoso).


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Dongru Chen ◽  
Huancai Lin

Abstract Background Infiltration and sealing are micro-invasive treatments for arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions; however, their efficacies under different conditions remain unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the caries-arresting effectiveness of infiltration and sealing and to further analyse their efficacies across different dentition types and caries risk levels. Methods Six electronic databases were searched for published literature, and references were manually searched. Split-mouth randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness between infiltration/sealing and non-invasive treatments in proximal lesions were included. The primary outcome was obtained from radiographical readings. Results In total, 1033 citations were identified, and 17 RCTs (22 articles) were included. Infiltration and sealing reduced the odds of lesion progression (infiltration vs. non-invasive: OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.15–0.30; sealing vs. placebo: OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18–0.42). For both the primary and permanent dentitions, infiltration and sealing were more effective than non-invasive treatments (primary dentition: OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.45; permanent dentition: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14–0.28). The overall effects of infiltration and sealing were significantly different from the control effects based on different caries risk levels (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14–0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01–8.27), there were significant differences between micro-invasive and non-invasive treatments (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.10–0.29; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.07–0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01–8.27), infiltration was superior (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.10–0.39; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.37). Conclusion Infiltration and sealing were more efficacious than non-invasive treatments for halting non-cavitated proximal lesions.


Author(s):  
Gatot Basuki HM

<em>PT. Prima Alloy Steel Universal merupakan perusahaan industri manufaktur yang memproduksi Velg kendaraan roda empat. Salah satu tahapan proses produksinya yaitu proses casting, Adanya risiko bagi pekerja akan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja sangat tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi terhadap risiko bekerja di departemen casting dengan pendekatan Job Safety Analysis. sedangkan penilaian risiko serta penanggulangan risiko bahaya bekerja menggunakan metode HIRARC, hasil dari analisis tersebut digunakan untuk melakukan mitigasi terhadap setiap risiko yang terjadi di departemen casting. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terdapat 5 aktivitas kerja dan 13 subaktivitas kerja di departemen casting yang mempunyai potensi bahaya bekerja. sedangkan penilaian risiko diperoleh 2 aktivitas kerja dengan potensi bahaya kategori extreme risk, 4 aktivitas kerja kategori high risk, 3 aktivitas kerja kategori moderate risk, 4 aktivitas kerja kategori low risk. Tindakan penanggulangan risiko dilakukan melalui perbaikan standart prosedur kerja (SOP) pada setiap subaktivitas. Subtitusi pada subaktivitas menggunakan alat berat seperti forklif saat mengganti matras motif dan design velg. Rekayasa engineering untuk mempermudah subaktivitas agar miminimalisir terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Pengendalian administratif terkait penerapan instruksi kerja, memantau pengunaan APD dan APAR serta pelatihan K3 secara berkala. Memberikan tanda peringatan bahaya. Penyediaan APD pada seluruh subaktivitas untuk digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan saat melakukan aktivitas bekerja.</em>


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-558
Author(s):  
Sukma Arta Atmojo ◽  
Augie David Manuputty

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi kemungkinan-kemungkinan risiko teknologi informasi pada aplikasi AHO Office yang digunakan PT. SAT.  Peneliti ingin mendokumentasi jenis-jenis risiko serta mengetahui cara penanganan terhadap risiko yang ada, menggunakan framework ISO 31000. Terdapat 3 proses besar didalamnya,  ketiga proses tersebut yaitu menentukan konteks, penilaian risiko dan pengelolaan risiko. Untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis risiko dan cara penanganan risiko yang ada, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan observasi secara langsung untuk mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan. Setelah melakukan wawancara ditemukan 19 risiko yang berada di sekitar aset terkait aplikasi AHO Office, terdapat 3 risiko yang memiliki level of risk dengan tingkatan extreme risk, terdapat 7 risiko memiliki level of risk dengan tingkatan high risk, kemudian terdapat 7 risiko memiliki level of risk dengan tingkatan moderate risk, dan terdapat 2 risiko memiliki level of risk dengan tingkatan low risk.  Hasil tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu bagi pemangku kebijakan untuk menyusun dokumentasi terkait manajemen risiko perusahaan.


2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Luo ◽  
Themis J. Michailides

The quantitative relationships between incidence of latent infection (ILI) of prune by Monilinia fructicola and wetness duration (WD) for different bloom and fruit developmental stages and different inoculum concentrations were obtained. Three levels of ILI were considered as criteria for low, moderate, and high risks of latent infection, respectively. Seasonal patterns of WD leading to different risk levels of latent infection were obtained for low (IPL) and high (IPH) inoculum potential conditions in orchards. Longer WD was needed at a resistant than at a susceptible fruit developmental stage to induce similar levels of latent infection. The curves of WD leading to different levels of ILI over the growing season (risky WD curves) were used in risk analysis for latent infection. Multi-year historical WD data from 10 prune-growing locations in California were compared with risky WD curves. The percentage of days (P) with WD leading to a certain risk level of latent infection was calculated for each month from historical weather data. Under the IPL condition, the P distributions for low risk of latent infection were higher in March and April than in May and were the lowest in June for most locations. Under the IPH condition, the number of days that WD leading to low risk of latent infection in May increased compared with those under the IPL condition. The risk analysis approach was evaluated by using separate experimental data as incidence of fruit brown rot obtained from different prune orchards over years. Consistency between predicted overall risk levels of latent infection and observed incidence of fruit brown rot was obtained. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the risk analysis in decision support system for disease management.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Candra Dian Lukita Tauhid ◽  
Teuku Faisal Fathani ◽  
Djoko Legono

Klaten Regency is located in Central Java Province, Indonesia, ranked as 19th most susceptible area in Indonesia. Among of many disasters those take place in Klaten are floods, landslides, and earthquake, which cause damages and loss of lives. Unfortunately, some areas in Klaten Regency are also very vulnerable to the disasters that often contribute severe damage and loss. This paper presents result of risk analysis due to floods, landslides and earthquake disaster at Klaten Regency. Several parameters or criteria are utilized to describe the level of the disaster intensities. The flood susceptibility parameters are the Topographic Wet Index (TWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), permeability and roughness, as proposed by Kafira, et al. (2015). The landslide susceptibility are the geology, slope, elevation, distance from fault, distance from rivers, rainfall and land use, as suggested by Thearith (2009) whereas the earthquake susceptibility was referred to FEMA P-154 by using the Ss and S1. The vulnerability and risk analysis are carried out by referring to the parameters as stipulated by the Chief Regulation of the National Board of Disaster Management No.2 Year 2012 (Perka Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana- BNPB), concerning the parameters being used for the vulnerability analysis, i.e. population density, poverty ratio, land use, and level of Gross Regional Domestic Product. Further spatial analysis of the risk performs the multi-disaster risk map as a combination between the floods, landslides and earthquake disaster risk in Klaten Regency. The established multi-disaster risk map shows the risk level in the Klaten Regency, i.e., 16.31% at very low risk, 33.01% at low risk, 34.49% at medium risk, at 14.22% high risk and 1.97% at very high risk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Fiska Nur Aini ◽  
Anggi Lukman Wicaksana ◽  
Heny Suseani Pangastuti

ABSTRAKIndividu dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 memiliki risiko dua hingga tiga kali lipat terjadinya risiko kejadian kardiovaskular, yaitu serangan jantung atau stroke. Organisasi kesehatan dunia dan masyarakat international hipertensi mengembangkan alat untuk memprediksi tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskular dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun yang akan datang. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkatan risiko kardiovaskular pada penyandang diabetes tipe 2 dalam sepuluh tahun mendatang di Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di Puskesmas Depok, Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan teknik proportional sampling pada tiga Puskesmas Depok. Responden penelitian yaitu pasien terdiagnosis diabetes tipe 2, berusia 40-79 tahun, dan tidak memiliki komplikasi atau penyakit lain. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu WHO/ISH risk prediction charts wilayah Indonesia (SEAR B) untuk menilai tingkatan risiko kejadian kardiovaskular. Data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskuler yang dimiliki. Data dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil: Sejumlah 66 responden terlibat dengan mayoritas responden adalah perempuan, tidak bekerja, menikah dan rerata usia 61,02 ± 8,86. Tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskular penyandang diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok, Yogyakarta dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun mendatang yaitu risiko rendah 56,1%; risiko sedang 30,3%; risiko tinggi 9,1%; dan risiko sangat tinggi 4,5%. Lebih dari separuh responden memiliki risiko rendah (<10%) terkena serangan jantung atau stroke dalam waktu sepuluh tahun mendatang. Selain itu, satu dari tiga responden memiliki risiko sedang (10-20%) terjadi serangan jantung atau stroke. Kesimpulan: Separuh dari responden penyandang diabetes memiliki risiko non-fatal kejadian kardiovaskular.Kata Kunci: diabetes tipe 2, penyakit kardiovaskular, insidenRisk Level of Cardiovascular Event Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ABSTRACTIndividuals with type 2 diabetes have two to three times risk of cardiovascular event, as heart and stroke attack. World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension had developed a prediction method of the risk level of cardiovascular event for the following ten years. Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk level of cardiovascular event over the next ten years on people with type 2 diabetes in Yogyakarta. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design in three Public Health Centers Depok, Yogyakarta using proportional sampling technique. The respondents were patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, age of 40-79 years, and no comorbidity. The WHO/ISH risk prediction charts for diabetes population in Indonesian (SEAR B) was used to assess the risk level of cardiovascular event. Data was analyzed with univariae analysis. Results: A total of 66 respondents were recruited after reviewing eligibility criteria. The majority of the respondents were women, unemployed, married, and the average age was 61.02 ± 8.86. The risk levels of cardiovascular event among participants in the next ten years were gradually low risk (56.1%); moderate risk (30.3%); high risk (9.1%); and very high risk (4.5%). More than a half of participants had low risk or less than 10% for being cardiovascular event in the following ten years. Furthermore, one third of participants had moderate risk or 10-20% developing cardiac arrest or stroke attack. Conclusion: A half of diabetes participants had non-fatal risk of cardiovascular event.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, incidence


Author(s):  
J. Murray Gibson ◽  
David C. Alexander

There is a need in industry for practical surveillance methods to identify ergonomics problems. Most conventional surveillance methods have the following characteristics: • Require completion of a multi-page checklist for every job in the facility. • Identify, in a “single-pass” survey, all jobs presenting a moderate to low level of ergonomic-related risk, resulting in an “unmanageable” list of problems. • Provide job risk scores used to prioritize every ergonomics problem in the facility. The author presents an alternative surveillance methodology which identifies and prioritizes high, moderate, and low risk jobs using a “filtering approach”. This filtering approach actually consists of three separate checklists, each identifying (or filtering) for jobs of different risk levels: High Risk Survey, Moderate Risk Survey, and Low Risk Survey. Each checklist utilizes data from three sources: ergonomic risk factors, loss information, and employee turnover/complaints.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0249882
Author(s):  
Cyrille P. Launay ◽  
Kevin Galery ◽  
Christine Vilcocq ◽  
Marc Afilalo ◽  
Olivier Beauchet

Background The "Emergency Room Evaluation and Recommendations" (ER2) is a clinical tool designed to determine prognosis for the short-term Emergency Department (ED) undesirable outcomes including long length of stay (LOS) in ED and in hospital, as well as the likelihood of hospital admission during an index ED visit. It is also designed to guide appropriate and timely tailor-made geriatric interventions. This study aimed to examine whether ER2 assessment part was: 1) usable by ED healthcare workers (e.g. nurses) and 2) scoring system associated with long LOS in ED and in hospital, as well as hospital admission in older ED users on stretchers. Methods Based on an observational, prospective and longitudinal cohort study 1,800 participants visiting the ED of the Jewish General Hospital (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) were recruited between September and December 2017. ER2 assessment determined three risk-levels (i.e., low, medium and high) for short-term ED undesirable outcomes. The rate of ER2 digital form completed, the time to fill ER2 items and obtain ER2 risk-levels, the LOS in ED and in hospital, and hospital admission were used as outcomes. Results ER2 was usable by ED nurses in charge of older ED users. High-risk group was associated with both increased ED stay (coefficient of regression β = 3.81 with P≤0.001) and hospital stay (coefficient of regression β = 4.60 with P = 0.002) as well as with hospital admission (HR = 1.32 with P≤0.001) when low ER2 risk level was used as referent level. Kaplan-Meier distributions showed that the three risk groups of participants differed significantly (P = 0.001). Those with high-risk level (P≤0.001) were discharged later from hospital to a non-hospital location compared to those with low risk. There was no significant difference between those classified in low-risk and in medium-risk groups (P = 0.985) and those in medium and high-risk groups (P = 0.096). Conclusion The ER2 assessment part is usable in daily practice of ED care and its risk stratifications may be used to predict adverse outcomes including prolonged LOS in ED and in hospital as well as hospital admission. Trial registration NCT03964311.


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