scholarly journals TABOO AVOIDANCES IN KARO LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Jumat Barus
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Physical Defects ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Civilized Society

Civilized society like Karo knows taboo culture and how to avoid it well, so that they can be avoided from social conflict and can live peacefully. However, taboo in language and the way to avoid them are considered increasingly scarce as globalization develops among the current millennial generation. As an effort to provide an understanding about the matter concerned towards future generations, this study describes various ways of avoiding the three types of taboo in Karo: taboo in kinship, i.e. among bengkila and permain, turangku and turangku, and mami and kela; context-specific taboos, i.e. words derived from non-taboo words, and words related to social and physical defects; and general taboos, i.e. swearing and unmentionable words. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative with ethnographic method. The data were obtained from the key informants who were from indigenous people of Tanah Karo Regency.  It is found that taboos in kinship can be avoided by strategy of third-person intermediary, strategy of metaphor through object, and strategy of using the word nina. Context-specific taboo and general taboo can be avoided by various forms of euphemism. However, taboo of swearing type does not have form of refinement because of its purpose and function as emotive expression.

scholarly journals riboCIRC: a comprehensive database of translatable circRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Li ◽  
Mingzhe Xie ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ludong Yang ◽  
Zhi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Genome Browser ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
And Function

AbstractriboCIRC is a translatome data-oriented circRNA database specifically designed for hosting, exploring, analyzing, and visualizing translatable circRNAs from multi-species. The database provides a comprehensive repository of computationally predicted ribosome-associated circRNAs; a manually curated collection of experimentally verified translated circRNAs; an evaluation of cross-species conservation of translatable circRNAs; a systematic de novo annotation of putative circRNA-encoded peptides, including sequence, structure, and function; and a genome browser to visualize the context-specific occupant footprints of circRNAs. It represents a valuable resource for the circRNA research community and is publicly available at http://www.ribocirc.com.

scholarly journals Customary assets conflict and their impact on social relations fragmentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Bayu Adhinata
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research focuses on studying conflicts involving traditional villages in fighting over the ownership status of the Temple of Death (Pura Dalem) as an asset that must be owned by a traditional village. Conflict involving two traditional villages in Bali, namely Kemoning and Budaga Village in Klungkung, resulted from a claim of ownership by one of the parties ahead of a massive celebration tribute to this temple’s birth centuries ago. The ownership claim led to rejection from another party, who said their traditional village was also entitled to the Temple of Death. This mutual ownership claim then escalated into an open conflict that resulted in casualties and injuries between the two parties. This research seeks to outline the root problems of this conflict and describe the actors, dynamics, and impacts of the conflict. This study used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with five informants consisting of two key informants (former heads of the Kemoning and Budaga Villages), one Klungkung resort police officer, and two people Kemoning and Budaga Village residents. Moore, Mitchell, Furlong, and Kriesberg use several perspectives to analyze the social conflict. The results showed that the problem of the two traditional villages lies in the inaccuracy of historical data, besides that there are different perspectives between the two parties about the existence of this temple, excessive control, and dominance in the management and poor communication caused the emergence of a hostile relationship pattern, raising mutual claims over the ownership of this Temple of Death. The dispute that led to this clash created an increasingly tenuous relationship between the two traditional villages.

There's no tense like the present: Verbal -s inflection in early Black English

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Poplack ◽  
Sali Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Black English ◽  
Environmental Conditioning ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Time Lead

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the understanding of the origin and function of verbal -s marking in the Black English grammar by systematically examining the behaviour of this affix in two corpora on early Black English. To ascertain whether the variation observed in (early and modern Black English) -s usage has a precedent in the history of the language, or is rather an intrusion from another system, we focus particularly on the linguistic and social contexts of its occurrence, within a historical and comparative perspective. Our results show that both third person singular and nonconcord -s are subject to regular, parallel environmental conditioning. The finding that both insertion and deletion are conditioned by the same factors suggests that verbal -s marking is a unitary process, involving both concord and nonconcord contexts. Moreover, the (few) variable constraints on verbal -s usage reported throughout the history of the English language remain operative in early Black English. These results, taken in conjunction with indications that -s marking across the verbal paradigm was a prestige marker in the dialect at some earlier point in time, lead us to hypothesize that the contemporary pattern might be a synchronic reflex of the constraint ranking on -s usage in the varieties of English that provided the linguistic model for the slaves. Many of the conditioning effects we report would have been subsequently overridden by the grammaticalization of -s as the Standard English agreement marker. We conclude that present-tense marking via verbal -s formed an integral part of the early Black English grammar.

City of the Changers

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLL THRUSH
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Indian Reservations ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
The City

Between the 1880s and the 1930s indigenous people continued to eke out traditional livings along the waterways and shorelines of Seattle's urbanizing and industrializing landscape. During those same years, however, the city's civic leaders and urban planners oversaw massive transformations of that landscape, including the creation of a ship canal linking Puget Sound with Lake Washington and the straightening of the Duwamish River. These transformations typified the modernizing ethos that sought to improve nature to ameliorate or even end social conflict. The struggle of the Duwamish and other local indigenous people to survive urban change, as well as the efforts by residents of nearby Indian reservations to maintain connections to places within the city, illustrate the complex, ironic legacies of Seattle's environmental history. They also show the ways in which urban and Native history are linked through both material and discursive practices.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BENTUK DAN FUNGSI REFERENSI PERSONAL DALAM NOVEL REMBULAN TENGGELAM DIWAJAHMU KARYA TERE LIYE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muh Ali Imran ◽  
Nur Resky Evawanti
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Third Person ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Planning Action

AbstractThe main problem in this research  how to find out about the form and function of personal references in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu in order to determine the differences contained in the novel especially those on personal references contained therein. This research was a literature review of research that contains one topic that contains some ideas or propositions related and must be supported by the data obtained from literature sources. This research procedure included planning, action and analysis. Subjects in this study was the novel of  Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu. The results showed that the observation of novel moon sinking in the face are analyzed on personal references indicate that there are a lot of words including personal references such as personal pronoun first (referring to himself), pronouns second person (referring to the speaker) , and the third person pronoun (which refers to the person in question). Based on these results above, it can be concluded that the words include references persona there are differences both in writing and in speech.Keywords: Novel, personal referencesAbstrakMasalah utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana mengetahui tentang bentuk dan fungsi referensi personal di dalam novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang terdapat di dalam novel tersebut terkhusus pada referensi personal yang terdapat di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kajian pustaka yang berisi satu topik yang memuat beberapa gagasan atau proposisi yang berkaitan dan harus didukung oleh data yang diperoleh dari sumber pustaka. Prosedur penelitian ini meleputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, dan analisis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah novel rembulan tenggelam di wajahmu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengamatan terhadap novel rembulan tenggelam di wajahmu yang menganalisis tentang referensi personal menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak kata-kata yang termasuk referensi personal seperti pronomina persona pertama( yang mengacu pada diri sendiri), pronomina persona kedua (yang mengacu pada lawan bicara), dan pronomina persona ketiga (yang mengacu pada orang yang dibicarakan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata-kata yang mencakup referensi persona terdapat perbedaan baik didalam penulisan maupun didalam tuturan.  Kata kunci: Novel,referensi personal

USE AND FUNCTION OF METAPHORICAL DISCOURSE IN 1 MACCABEES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-399
Author(s):  
Michael Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Third Person ◽  
And Function

In the poetic passages of 1 Maccabees, the narrated events are summarized and interpreted from the perspective of a third-person omniscient narrator. In these passages metaphorical speech is prominent. This article examines the functions of these metaphors within their literary contexts and investigates which social, cultural and religious conditions are recognized as integral parts of the “cultural encyclopaedia” of the ancient Jewish author and his addressees.

Indigenous Farming Families of Ifugao: Partners in Safeguarding the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERRY B. MARASIGAN ◽  
JOANE V. SERRANO
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Indigenous Perspective ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Urban Places

The Ifugao farming families are partners in safeguarding the sustainable use of naturalresources through their continued conservation of the rice terraces. However, in recent years ithas been observed that many Ifugao children coming from families whose main livelihood isfarming no longer participate and involve themselves in farming activities.  A number of familymembers migrate to urban places and some who have been educated totally abandon theirfarming duties and roles. The objectives of this study are: to determine the involvement offamilies in farming particularly in areas which farming has been the primary source of incomeand explore how farming families can contribute to safeguarding the sustainable use of naturalresources. Conversational method was used for this study wherein key informants andmembers of the farming families were interviewed.  The data were analyzed using thematicanalysis guided by the Indigenous perspective. A number of thematic insights emerged showingthe strong involvement of the different family members in the various farming activities. Thefamily members are involved in farming through the different roles they play, the resourcesthey contribute, and the honor they bring to the family. The farming families play a major rolein safeguarding natural resources through: reviving the traditional and natural practices; andbringing back the interests among the younger generations in farming.Keywords: Ecology, Ifugao rice terraces, farming families, natural resources, indigenous people, qualitative research, Ifugao, Philippines

scholarly journals Eavesdropping on the conversation between immune cells and the skin epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoiab Bukhari ◽  
Aaron F Mertz ◽  
Shruti Naik
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Skin Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Tolerance Breakdown ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
And Function

Abstract The skin epithelium covers our body and serves as a vital interface with the external environment. Here, we review the context-specific interactions between immune cells and the epithelium that underlie barrier fitness and function. We highlight the mechanisms by which these two systems engage each other and how immune–epithelial interactions are tuned by microbial and inflammatory stimuli. Epithelial homeostasis relies on a delicate balance of immune surveillance and tolerance, breakdown of which results in disease. In addition to their canonical immune functions, resident and recruited immune cells also supply the epithelium with instructive signals to promote repair. Decoding the dialogue between immunity and the epithelium therefore has great potential for boosting barrier function or mitigating inflammatory epithelial diseases.

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