scholarly journals Organochlorine compounds in subarctic small lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
E. S. Kolpakova ◽  
A. V. Velyamidova
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Natural Boundary ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Lake Ecosystems

The article presents the results of studies of the environmental properties of organochlorines which differ in properties and origin, in the lake ecosystems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the levels, distribution characteristics and composition of organochlorines in the bottom sediments of small lakes located in the Adzva river basin in Pymvashor natural boundary (the northernmost location of the exit of thermal-mineral springs of the continental Europe) and in the adjacent area, outside this unique subarctic hydrothermal zone.In order to meet this goal, multi-method (hydrochemical, geochemical, etc.) research was carried out using standard generally approved laboratory practices with their adaptation to the study goals. The quantitative content and composition of the target individual organochlorines were determined by gas chromatographic method with electron-capture detection.The presence of chlorophenol compounds and polychlorinated benzenes (including persistent organic pollutants) was shown in the lakes sediments. The influence of specific microclimatic conditions of subarctic hydrothermal system on the composition and distribution of chlorophenol compounds in lake sediments was considered. In the small lake sediment core in Pymvashor natural boundary a reducing trend in the levels of organochlorines with depth has been recorded (conditioned among other things by the lithological features of bottom sediments). The chlorophenol compounds were found at highest concentrations (619.3–765.5 ng/g) in the sediment upper layers, rich in organic matter; chlorophenol composition was represented mainly by chlorinated phenols, most likely of biotic origin. A lower concentration (185.0 ng/g) of chlorophenol compounds of predominantly abiogenic origin was determined in the lake sediments outside hydrothermal system. The presence and levels of persistent organochlorine pollutants (pentachlorophenol 0.1–2.4 ng/g; hexa- and pentachlorobenzenes 0.4–3.6 ng/g) in the lake sediments were associated with long-range atmospheric transport from various origin sources in nearby regions and low-latitude territories.

Sedimentation of Pb-210 in Laurentian Shield Lakes

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Cornett ◽  
L. Chant ◽  
D. Link
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Atmospheric Fallout ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Annual Flux

Abstract The average annual flux of Pb-210 from the atmosphere to lake surfaces and to the bottom sediments was measured in seven small lakes located on the Laurentian Shield. Direct atmospheric fallout of Pb-210 was 136 ± 16 Bq m-2 a-1 Streams from the lakes' catchments input an additional 5 to 473 Bq m-2 a-1. Only 16 to 80 percent of the total input was found in the lake sediments. The fractional rate constant for Pb-210 sedimentation from the water column ranged from 0.25 to 5.3 per annum.

scholarly journals Chlorophenol compounds in freshwater lakes of subarctic regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
E. S. Kolpakova
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Chlorophenol compounds, representing a group of chlorinated phenols and their derivatives, are ionic compounds with different degree of hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and acidity. As potential anthropogenic sources of pollution of ecosystems by chlorophenol compounds is the regional atmospheric transport of these compounds from the territories of border regions. At the same time, the sources of the diversity of chlorophenol compounds are the natural processes of enzymatic biosynthesis in the components of the environment. These compounds are especially dangerous for the Arctic and subarctic ecosystems, since the conditions of the cold climate contribute to their longterm preservation, which increases their negative impact on living organisms.The research area includes subarctic small thermokarst lakes located in the central part of Vaigach Island and in Bolshezemelskaya tundra.The isolation of chlorophenol compounds from bottom sediment samples was carried out by accelerated liquid flow-through extraction with a hot mixture of organic solvents with extraction of easily and hardly extractable chlorophenol compounds and subsequent analysis on a gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector. The total content of chlorophenol compounds was determined by summing their concentrations in the easily and hardly extractable fractions.The bottom sediments of the investigated lakes were characterized by a relatively high content of chlorophenol compounds. Toxic pentachlorophenol was found only in the sediments of lake Tundra Bolshezemelskaya. The revealed presence of chlorophenol compounds in the bottom sediments of the investigated lakes suggests their spread in the environment by atmospheric transport from abiogenic sources, as well as natural enzymatic and biochemical processes in these Arctic waters.

scholarly journals The Micro/elemental Composition of Bottom Sediments of Small Lakes as Indicator of Environmental Risks in Urban Area of Republic of Karelia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Living Organisms

The general questions of the influence of urban environment on the development of deviations in living organisms up to the death of individual species are considered. Using the example of a study of the chemical composition of bottom sediments of six small lakes of the Republic of Karelia, a significant effect of technogenesis on the occurrence of ecological risks on the aquatic flora and fauna of an urbanized environment is shown. We have stated that the upper layers of the bottom sediments of urban lakes have increased concentrations of heavy metals in comparison with the underlying layers. The thickness of technogenically altered lake sediments for urban water bodies of Karelia is established. According to the analysis of the formulas of geochemical associations of bottom sediments of urbanized lakes, we identified priority pollutants (Pb, Sb, Cd, V, Zn, Cu, Ni etc.). These metals are associated with major environmental risks within the urban environment of the region. The patterns of distribution of individual chemical elements in the investigated lake sediments are determined depending on the geochemical specificity of the catchment area and specific sources of heavy metals. Examples of direct negative effects of heavy metals on living organisms of the aquatic environment are benthic organisms and fish. The biogeochemical potential of biota of urban water bodies to accumulate heavy metals and accompanying microelements is shown.

Flora of diatoms of the surface layer of bottom sediments of small lakes of the southeastern part of Belarus

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
G. K. Khursevich ◽  
A. V. Kudelskiy ◽  
S. A. Fedenya ◽  
J. Marphy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Southeastern Part

Natural and anthropogenic impacts on the composition of lake sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eskola ◽  
V. Peuraniemi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
World War ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
The City

AbstractLake sediments were studied from four lakes in environmentally different areas in northern Finland. Lakes Pyykösjärvi and Kuivasjärvi are situated near roads with heavy traffic and the city of Oulu. Lakes Martinlampi and Umpilampi are small lakes in a forest area with no immediate human impact nearby. The concentration of Pb increases in the upper parts of the sedimentary columns of Lake Kuivasjärvi and Lake Pyykösjärvi. This is interpreted as being an anthropogenic effect related to heavy traffic in the area and use of Lake Pyykösjärvi as an airport during World War II. High Ni and Zn concentrations in the Lake Umpilampi sediments are caused by weathered black schists. Sediments in Lake Martinlampi show high Pb and Zn contents with increasing Pb concentrations up through the sedimentary column. The sources of these elements are probably Pb-Zn mineralization in the bedrock, Pb-Zn-rich boulders and anomalous Pb and Zn contents in till in the catchment area of the lake.

scholarly journals Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura ◽  
Renata Dondajewska ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Iron Sulphate ◽  
Restoration Measures

Total phosphorus and organic matter content in bottom sediments of lake under restoration measures with iron treatmentRusałka Lake is a shallow, man-made, strongly eutrophicated reservoir, being a place of recreational activities for Poznan citizens. Restoration measures with the use of iron sulphate were conducted in years 2006-2007. Phosphorus and organic matter concentrations in lake sediments were analyzed in years 2005-2007 at two research stations (profundal and littoral) to determine its changes under the influence of restoration. Greater phosphorus concentrations were noted in profundal (max 1.55 mg P g-1dry weight (DW)) than in littoral (max 0.98 mg P g-1DW). An increase of P amount in sediment was observed after iron treatment. Among phosphorus fractions Res-P dominated, i.e. phosphorus biologically unavailable for organisms. Organic matter content reached 23.1% in profundal, while 14.8% in littoral. Its amount decreased in following years.

scholarly journals Improving measurements of SF<sub>6</sub> for the study of atmospheric transport and emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2441-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Hall ◽  
G. S. Dutton ◽  
D. J. Mondeel ◽  
J. D. Nance ◽  
M. Rigby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Atmospheric Tracer ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potent greenhouse gas and useful atmospheric tracer. Measurements of SF6 on global and regional scales are necessary to estimate emissions and to verify or examine the performance of atmospheric transport models. Typical precision for common gas chromatographic methods with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) is 1–2%. We have modified a common GC-ECD method to achieve measurement precision of 0.5% or better. Global mean SF6 measurements were used to examine changes in the growth rate of SF6 and corresponding SF6 emissions. Global emissions and mixing ratios from 2000–2008 are consistent with recently published work. More recent observations show a 10% decline in SF6 emissions in 2008–2009, which seems to coincide with a decrease in world economic output. This decline was short-lived, as the global SF6 growth rate has recently increased to near its 2007–2008 maximum value of 0.30±0.03 pmol mol−1 (ppt) yr−1 (95% C.L.).

scholarly journals Geo-ecological characteristics of the small lakes bottom sediments in the North of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Gulnara N. Shigabaeva ◽  
Andrey V. Soromotin ◽  
Еvgeny V. Galunin ◽  
Аnna V. Ruseikina ◽  
Anna А. Kurbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
The North ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
State Of Water

The article analyzes and provides data on the processes of accumulation of heavy metals by bottom sediments from the point of view of environmental assessment. The purpose of this paper is to identify the degree of anthropogenic influence on the lakes of the Tazovskiy and Surgut districts, and assess the ecological state of water bodies and adjacent territories. The main processes occurring in natural reservoirs, which lead to the transfer of toxicants into the environment, are considered. The data of quantitative chemical analysis of bottom sediments of two groups of natural reservoirs with an assessment of their ecological state according to the results of statistical processing of the measured values were obtained. Excess concentrations of metals were recorded: for mobile forms – 2200 times for Fe, 1050 times for Mn, 35 times for Cr, 20 times for Co, up to 15 times for Ni, 5 times for Cu, 3 times for Pb, for acid-soluble forms – 45 000 times for Fe, 550 times for Pb, up to 75 times for Ni, 525 times for Mn, 105 times for Cr, 50 times for Cu, 16 times for Co. The geochemical interpretation of the results of the factor analysis is presented.

scholarly journals Sediment Metagenomes as Time Capsules of Lake Microbiomes

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Garner ◽  
Irene Gregory-Eaves ◽  
David A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mapping Sequence

ABSTRACT The reconstruction of ecological time series from lake sediment archives can retrace the environmental impact of human activities. Molecular genetic approaches in paleolimnology have provided unprecedented access to DNA time series, which record evidence of the microbial ecologies that underlaid historical lake ecosystems. Such studies often rely on single-gene surveys, and consequently, the full diversity of preserved microorganisms remains unexplored. In this study, we probed the diversity archived in contemporary and preindustrial sediments by comparative shotgun metagenomic analysis of surface water and sediment samples from three eastern Canadian lakes. In a strategy that was aimed at disentangling historical DNA from the indigenous sediment background, microbial preservation signals were captured by mapping sequence similarities between sediment metagenome reads and reference surface water metagenome assemblies. We detected preserved Cyanobacteria, diverse bacterioplankton, microeukaryotes, and viruses in sediment metagenomes. Among the preserved microorganisms were important groups never before reported in paleolimnological reconstructions, including bacteriophages (Caudovirales) and ubiquitous freshwater Betaproteobacteria (Polynucleobacter and Limnohabitans). In contrast, ultramicroscopic Actinobacteria (“Candidatus Nanopelagicales”) and Alphaproteobacteria (Pelagibacterales) were apparently not well preserved in sediment metagenomes even though they were numerically dominant in surface water metagenomes. Overall, our study explored a novel application of whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing for discovering the DNA remains of a broad diversity of microorganisms preserved in lake sediments. The recovery of diverse microbial time series supports the taxonomic expansion of microbiome reconstructions and the development of novel microbial paleoindicators. IMPORTANCE Lakes are critical freshwater resources under mounting pressure from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. The reconstruction of ecological time series from sediment archives with paleolimnological techniques has been shown to be an effective means of understanding how humans are modifying lake ecosystems over extended timescales. In this study, we combined shotgun DNA sequencing with a novel comparative analysis of surface water and sediment metagenomes to expose the diversity of microorganisms preserved in lake sediments. The detection of DNA from a broad diversity of preserved microbes serves to more fully reconstruct historical microbiomes and describe preimpact lake conditions.

scholarly journals Bridging between litterbags and whole-ecosystem experiments: a new approach for studying lake sediments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Tanentzap ◽  
Erik J. Szkokan-Emilson ◽  
Cyndy M. Desjardins ◽  
Chloe Orland ◽  
Kurt Yakimovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

<p>Nearshore sediments have a major influence over the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, but predicting their response to future environmental change has proven difficult. Previous manipulative experiments have faced challenges controlling environmental conditions, replicating sediment mixing dynamics, and extrapolating across spatial scales. Here we describe a new approach to manipulate lake sediments that overcomes previous concerns about reproducibility and environment controls, whilst also bridging the gap between smaller microcosm or litterbag experiments and whole-ecosystem manipulations. Our approach involves submerging moderate-sized (~15 L) artificial substrates that have been standardised to mimic natural sediments within the littoral zones of lakes.  We show that this approach can accurately mirror the absolute dissolved organic carbon concentrations and pH of pore water, and to a lesser degree inorganic carbon concentrations, from natural lake sediments with similar organic matter profiles. On a relative basis, all measured variables had similar temporal dynamics between artificial and adjacent natural sediments. Late-summer zooplankton biomass also did not differ between natural and artificial sediments.  By offering a more realistic way to manipulate freshwater sediments than previously possible, our approach can improve predictions of lake ecosystems in a changing world.<br /><br /><img src="/public/site/images/ttaccini/88x31.png" alt="" /> <br />This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a>.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document