scholarly journals Influence of the sowing time and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of annual grass mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-744
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemyev ◽  
A. M. Guryanov ◽  
M. P. Kapitanov ◽  
A. A. Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
First Time

The productivity of annual feed grass mixtures (vetch + oats, Sudan grass + white mustard, Sudan grass + oilseed radish), sown after the winter rye harvesting during the “shooting” phase (the 1st time of sowing), during the “heading” phase (the 2nd time of sowing), and during the phase of complete ripeness (the 3d time of sowing), was studied in the conditions of forest-steppe soils of the Volga Region (the Republic of Mordovia). The experiment was carried out in 2018-2020 on heavy loamy soils against the background of three doses of mineral fertilizers use (without fertilizers, N16P16K16 + N30, N16P16K16 + N60). It has been established that the duration of vegetation of feed mixtures according to the time of sowing when harvesting for green mass was: at the first the time of sowing - 63-85 days, at the second - 63-76 days, at the third - 56-62 days. The highest height of the plant was at the first time of sowing with the use of fertilizers at a dose of N16P16K16 + N60, the lowest - at the third time of sowing. The highest growth was achieved by Sudan grass (48-116 cm), the lowest - by the mixture of vetch and oats (18-67 cm). The highest yield of green mass (14.0 t/ha) was observed when cultivating Sudan grass mixed with oilseed radish on the background of N16P16K16 + N60 at the first time of sowing. For mixture of Sudan grass with white mustard, the yield was 2-7 % lower, and for vetch + oats mixture - 32-45 % lower. The same was observed according to the yield of dry matter and feed units. As to the protein content, mixtures of Sudan grass with cruciferous crops exceeded the vetch + oats mixture by 7-26 %. The fiber content in the grass mixtures was decreasing from the first time of sowing to the last. The greatest amount of fiber (28.11-28.72 %) was observed during the second time of sowing. The economic assessment showed that the cultivation of annual grass mixtures after winter rye without mineral fertilizers was the most cost-effective (29-208 %). The highest efficiency (202-208 %) was provided by the mixture of Sudan grass with oilseed radish and white mustard.

Changes in organic part of the soil and acid-base balance depending on green manure fertilization in podzolized chernozem

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
G. Hospodarenko ◽  
O. Lysianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the changes in the content and stock of organic substances as well as the reaction of the soil en- vironment depending on the impact of different types of fertilization of green-manured fallows. Methods. Field studies were conducted on podzolized heavy loamy chernozem, on loess, in conditions of Right-Bank Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. Experimental design included: sweet clover with the seeding rate of 20 kg/ha, white mustard – 20, oilseed radish – 20, spring vetch – 150, and buckwheat – 150 kg/ha with the following fertilization variants: no fertilizers – control; N 40 ; P 40 K 40 ; N 40 K 40 ; N 40 P 40 ; N 40 P 40 K 40 ; N 80 P 40 K 40 . The content of total carbon and nitrogen were defi ned using Anstett’s method, modifi ed by Ponomariova and Nikolaeva; the content of total humus in the soil prior to sowing winter wheat (the impact of green manure for a year) – according to DSTU 4289:2004, pH of the water extract – according to DSTU ISO 10390:2007. Results. Nitrogen-carbon ratio was in the range from 11.1 to 11.8 in the biomass of leguminous crops and from 18.8 to 20.7 – in root remains, and its highest value was observed in root remains of Brassicaceae crops – from 28.8 to 34.5 depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. Compared to bare fallow, green manure fertilization promotes humus preservation in the soil. The de- crease in the level of humus intension of the soil by 0.01–0.04 % was registered both in the surface and subsurface layers in conditions of bare fallow compared to green-manured fallow. 1.67 t/ha of humus is mineralized in the soil of bare fallow. The transformation of green manure biomass allows accumulating 1.15–2.05 t/ha of humus depending on doses and types of mineral fertilizers. When the Cruciferae family (white mustard and oilseed rad- ish) are used as green manure, the isohumus index is 1.52–1.55, 1.67–1.69 – for the Leguminosae (annual sweet clover and spring vetch), and 1.52–1.60 – for buckwheat, depending on fertilization. The humifi cation coeffi cient for vegetative biomass of oilseed radish is 0.023, for spring vetch – 0.027, for buckwheat – 0.033, for white mustard – 0.035, and for annual sweet clover – 0.036. The administration of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers conditions the decrease in the coeffi cient of green manure fertilization. Conclusions. The application of green manure both with and without fertilizers compared to bare fallow promotes the preservation of humus content in the soil. The transfer of calcium from lower layers to the arable soil layer, performed by the plant root system in green-manured fallow, decreases active acidity of the soil.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Varietal features of photosynthetic activity of Tyumen seed oats when applying mineral fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Anna Lyubimova ◽  
Dmitriy Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The purpose is to study the varietal characteristics of the photosynthetic efficiency of oats when applying fertilizers in Western Siberia. Methods. The research was carried out on an experimental field located in the northern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. Photosynthetic potential and net productivity of photosynthesis were determined by the Nichiporovich’s method. Results. The nature of the formation of the assimilation surface and the accumulation of biomass of oat varieties Otrada, Talisman and Foma at different levels of mineral nutrition was studied. The photosynthetic potential and the net productivity of photosynthesis are calculated. The share of the influence of weather conditions, agrophone and variety on the studied indicators is determined. The Foma variety was characterized by maximum leafiness, compared to the Talisman and Otrada. On a natural agrophone, its assimilation surface in the sweeping phase reached 36.0 ± 5.5 thousand m2, at Otrada and Talisman – 28.1 and 24.0 thousand m2 per 1 ha of sowing. A very strong variability of the leaf surface area in Otrada was revealed (Cv = 24 %). The use of mineral fertilizers enhances the development of the leaf apparatus by 44–50 % and causes competition between oat plants. A close positive correlation was revealed between the leaf area in the sweeping phase and yield (r = 0.72). The area of the assimilation surface of oats is affected by: weather conditions – 37 %; nutrition level – 30 % and variety – 25 %. It was found that the Otrada and Foma varieties have the same accumulation dynamics and form the maximum photosynthetic biomass by the sweeping phase. The nature of biomass accumulation depends on weather conditions by 39 %; on mineral fertilizers by 29 % and on the genotype of the variety by 17 %. The productivity of the studied varieties is formed by increasing the assimilation surface, rather than increasing the efficiency of photosynthesis. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the photosynthetic potential was determined and the efficiency of the net photosynthesis productivity of oat varieties of the Tyumen selection was revealed. The share of the influence of various factors in the formation of the oat crop in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals has been established.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF MEDIC BINAR GRASS MIXTURE IN RELATION TO MINERAL NUTRITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
V. Iu. Listkov ◽  
A. F. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Impact

The research explores the relation between productivity of binary grass mixture and mineral nutrition. The hypothesis assumes that nutrient value of the same forage depends on mineral nutrition of forage grasses. According to purpose of research, the authors specified the task which is seen to analyze the impact of mineral fertilizers on productivity and nutrition of forage mass of binary grass mixture sown under the cover. The object of the research is a binary grass mixture based on alfalfa (Medicago + sainfoin). Sowing was carried out under the barley and Sinapis cover on two mineral backgrounds: control (without fertilizers) and fertilized. Fertilizers were applied the day before sowing. Crop yield and the quality of harvested mass were assessed in the appropriate period which was the stage of Medicago budding. Two-year industrial and economic experiment highlighted necessity and efficiency of sowing Medicago binar grass mixtures under Sinapis cover with 25% lower sowing rate and apply mineral fertilizers dosed as N23P60K60 in the forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. This application contributed to the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). The authors observed a positive tendency on harvesting from 1 ha of fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons), as well as the yield of dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons). In this variant the authors observed the highest output of metabolic energy in dry matter (37 GJ/ha). There was a positive tendency to harvest fodder units (2.14 tons), digestible protein (0.35 tons) pro 1 ha and get dry (3.58 tons) and green mass (13.7 tons).

scholarly journals CREATION OF AGROCENOSES OF FODDER CROPS FOR SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER USE IN THE FORESTSTEPPE ZONE OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein

Experimental data on the creation of fodder agrocenoses for the production of green feed in the spring and early summer period is presented. The research was conducted in 2014-2016 in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The study included winter and spring rye crops and cabbage. It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing. It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase. The yield of green mass was 7.7 t/ha, dry matter – 1.36 t/ha, output of feed units was 1.34 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein – 279 kg/ha. In the phase of stem elongation, the figures were 10.0 t/ ha, 2.17 t/ha, 1.93 t/ha, 287 kg/ ha, respectively; in the earing phase (one cutting) – 9.3 t/ha, 3.30 t/ha, 2.65 t/ha, 287 kg/ha, respectively. Feed biomass was of higher quality when used in the period of tillering, where the content of digestible protein per one feed unit was 206-210 g. The spring sowings of winter rye were inferior to the autumn sowings in the amount of two cuttings in the tillering phase: green mass by 3.3 t/ha, dry matter 0.58 t/ha, feed units 0.58 t/ha, digestible protein 113 kg/ha; in the stem elongation phase: 5.5 t/ha, 1,27 t/ha, 1.15 t/ ha, 168 kg/ha, respectively. Crops of spring rape, oil radish and spring rye are also important, since they allow to obtain a sufficiently high yield in the early summer period. In the budding phase the yield of green mass of cabbage crops was 22.8 and 18.3 t/ ha, dry matter – 2.69 and 2.78 t/ha, feed units – 2.70 and 2.25 t/ha, digestible protein – 648 and 599 kg/ ha; in the flowering phase the figures for oil radish were 21.5 t/ha, 2.56 t/ha, 2.57 t/ha, 499 kg/ ha, respectively. In the tillering phase the figures for spring rye in the amount of two cuttings were 7.3 t/ ha, 1.31 t/ha, 1.11 t/ha, 210 kg/ ha, respectively; in the phase of stem prolongation – 3.8 t/ha, 0.82 t/ ha, 0,87 t/ha, 105 kg/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL METHODS OF FORAGE CROPS OF CROPS ON THE CALCULATED BACKGROUND OF MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Радик Сафин ◽  
Radik Safin ◽  
Марат Амиров ◽  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Cost

A powerful factor in increasing the yield of feed mixtures is the use of mineral fertilizers. On average, over 4 years of research, the yield of green mass increases from 13.8 tons per hectare at the control (without fertilizers) to 27.4 tons per hectare (almost 2 times). However, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers depends on how the sunflower and annual herbs are placed in space. Thus, on all backgrounds of mineral nutrition, the highest yield of green mass was obtained by sowing sunflower and annual herbs in separate strips with strip widths of 180 cm: N85P38K46 - 28.2 tons per hectare; N99P44K54 - 32.9 tons per hectare; N113P51K61 - 34.2 tons per hectare. In the same conditions, both narrowing the bands to 90 cm and expanding to 360 cm reduce the yield of the object of study. Mineral fertilizers also have a great influence on the gross yield of raw fat (an increase of 2.8 times), feed units - from 2,562 to 3,904, crude protein - 1.9 times, exchange energy - 2.4 times. As a result, the payback of each ruble of the cost of mineral fertilizers provides for the production of 1.5 rubles, and the bioenergy coefficient increases to 4.4, versus 2.2 for mixed sowing of sunflower and annual herbs.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CEREAL AND LEGUMINOUS AGROCENOSES IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF BAIKAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Виктор Агафонов ◽  
Viktor Agafonov ◽  
Евгений Бояркин ◽  
Evgeniy Boyarkin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
The Impact

The article presents findings of the influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on plant growth and development, the impact of fertilizers on the botanical composition, on the productivity and forage benefits of cereal-bean agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region. The objects of research were mixed crops of oats with peas and millet with vetch, peas, and Austrian winter pea. Legumes are the main source of protein increase in feed. In the field, the most widespread, among legumes, were vetch, sowing peas, field peas (Austrian winter pea). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the growth and development of plants depended on the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and directly on the mineral nutrition level. The millet reacted most effectively to the application of mineral fertilizers, starting from the exit phase into the tube. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing tillage contributed to an increase in the proportion of legume components in the total green mass yield and a decrease in cereals. The highest competition in agrocenoses of millet with legume components was vetch, its share in the mixture increased, compared to the unfertilized background, by 6 and 14.5%, depending on the background of fertilizers. It was found that, compared with the unfertilized background, mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass from 1.5 to 4.9 tons per hectare, the collection of dry matter from 0.4 to 2.0 tons per hectare and the collection of feed units from 0.3 to 1.3 tons per hectare. Digestible protein content in 1 unit increased with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer (N45), depending on the type of components in the mixture, from 3.2 to 6.6 g, and with the introduction of complex mineral fertilizer (N45P30K30) from 2.5 to 9.6 g. All are millet-bean mixtures at all levels of mineral nutrition comply with zootechnical standards.

scholarly journals The influence of field crop rotations on the accumulation of crop-root residues in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-601
Author(s):  
S. A. Zamyatin ◽  
A. Yu. Efimova ◽  
S. A. Maksutkin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Crop Root

The aim of the research is to take a comparative assessment of the amount of plowed down plant residues in various field crop rotations in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The study was carried out in 2013-2018 on a stationary site in a two-factor experiment. Factor A ‒ types of crop rotations and shift of crops: 1. Grain and grass crop rotation (oats + clover, clover of the 1st year of use (y.u.) for green mass, winter rye, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley. 2. I fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mix for green fodder, winter rye, barley, potato, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat). 3. II fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, potato with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, winter rye). 4. III fruit-changing crop rotation (barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, clover of the 2nd year of use for green mass, winter rye, potato, oats). Factor B ‒ mineral fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers. 2. N60P60K60. In the control grain and grass crop rotation with a oneyear use of clover, 3.02±0.06 t/ha of crop-root residues were received per year on the average. In the I fruit-changing crop rotation, due to the replacement of clover with potato, residues formed 2.14±0.04 t/ha, which was significantly less than the control variant (LSD05 in factor А ‒ 0.21). In the II fruit-changing crop rotation, the accumulation of crop-root residues amounted to 2.91±0.07 t/ha. Compared to the control, it was within the limits of experimental error. The largest number of crop-root residues was accumulated in the III fruit-changing crop rotation (3.37±0.07 t/ha). The use of mineral fertilizers significantly increased the bulk of crop-root residues in all crop rotations by 0.16 t/ha per year on the average (LSD05 in factor B ‒ 0.15). Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) in the crop-root residues of clover and potato was 18…20, in the vetch-oat mixture it was 25…31, in spring grain crops it was 39…41, and in winter rye it was 53.

scholarly journals Productivity and nutritional value of Sudanese grass when cultivated for green fodder

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yuri Nikolaevich Pleskachev ◽  
Julia Alexandrovna Laptina ◽  
Olga Gennadievna Gichenkova ◽  
Natalya Alexandrovna Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Sowing Seed

Increasing the productivity and quality of forage crops is a necessary condition for creating a solid feed base that will ensure the full feeding of farm animals. The paper considers the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment with Raikat Start on the production processes of the Sudan grass of the Julia variety on chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region. It was found that the highest yield of green mass of Sudan grass 28.6 t / ha was formed on the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120 P120 K90 + N30 and the growth stimulator Raikat Start, the increase to the control was 9.3 t / ha. This variant also showed a decrease in the fiber content and an increase in the proportion of pro-tein from 7.05 % in the first cut to 8.28 % in the third cut. The application of mineral fertilizers in the studied dose provided a green mass of Sudan grass that was safe for agricultural animals with a nitrate content of no more than 407 mg/kg.

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