scholarly journals Вплив орієнтаційного витягування на властивості сумішей поліефірів ПЕТg/ПЕТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Р. Ш. Іскандаров ◽  
Н. В. Сова ◽  
Д. В. Пушкарьов ◽  
Б. С. Дебелий ◽  
Б. М. Савченко
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Orientational Drawing ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Specimen Density

Rational conditions for orientational drawing of PETg/PET polyester blend during processing into tape products are established. Tensile strength and elongation at break for all test specimens were determined according to ISO 527-2: 2012. Tensile modulus - ISO 527-1: 2019, specimen density - PN-EN ISO 1183-1, change of linear dimensions of specimens - ISO 16012: 2015. It was found that the introduction of PET into PETg leads to an increase in tensile strength of the blend, which is probably due to the process of orientational crystallization of PET. When the orientations are higher than 5.5 times in the PETg /PET mixtures, cavitation foaming occurs, which leads to a decrease in the blend density, its turbidity and a decrease in tensile strength. Blends with a high content of PETg have a significant thermal shrinkage, which should be taken into account when processing and applying these polymers. Physical and mechanical properties of PETg/PET polyesters blend with different ratio in the process of orientational stretching are established. The tensile strength increases with the increase drawing ratio for blends with high PET content due to its orientation crystallization. The phenomenon of cavitation foaming in polyester blend with draw ratio more than 5.5 times is found, which is accompanied by a decrease in the density of the samples and their tensile strength. Presence of PETg in PET matrix decrease tensile strength and elongation and significantly increase thermal shrinkage. Low elongation at break found for PETg/PET blend specimen without orientation which increases dramatically with low draw ratios and then decrease with higher drawing ratio. The technological modes of realization of cavitation foaming for the PETg/PET mixture at orientation drawing ratio above 5.5 due to the different phase structure of the components of the mixtures have been established. The introduction of PETg into PET leads to a significant increase in thermal shrinkage and reduces the physical and mechanical performance of oriented products.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wapoon Tappanawatch ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted from corn cob and synthesized by alkaline treatment using 3 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Acid hydrolysis with 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different reaction times (30, 45, 60 min) was performed to obtain CNC solutions. CNC was evaluated as a reinforcing agent in natural rubber (NR) at CNC loadings from 1-5 wt%. Gamma-ray radiation was used as vulcanization method and varied at 10 and 20 kGy. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of NR vulcanizates increased with addition of CNC and contents. In addition, radiation by gamma ray impacts the mechanical performance, where CNC/NR composites vulcanized with higher dose of radiation of 20 KGy were found to have the higher values in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus than with 10 KGy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites after aging were found to slightly increase due to post-curing during the aging process.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wanasorn Somphol ◽  
Thipjak Na Lampang ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

Effect of Castor Oil Impregnation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bacterial Cellulose

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Myrtha Karina ◽  
Lucia Indrarti ◽  
Rike Yudianti ◽  
Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetone Water

The effect of castor oil on the physical and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose is described. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was impregnated with 0.5–2% (w/v) castor oil (CO) in acetone–water, providing BCCO films. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the castor oil penetrated the pores of the bacterial cellulose, resulting in a smoother morphology and enhanced hydrophilicity. Castor oil caused a slight change in crystallinity indices and resulted in reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased elongation at break. A significant reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved in BCCO films with 2% castor oil, and there was an improvement in elongation at break and hydrophilicity. Impregnation with castor oil, a biodegradable and safe plasticiser, resulted in less rigid and more ductile composites.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Biodegradable Composites from Poly (Butylene Succinate-Co-Butylene Adipate) and Taihu Lake Blue Algae

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369351702600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Xia ◽  
Nianqing Zhu ◽  
Zhongbin Ni ◽  
Mingqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Biodegradable composites from poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) and Taihu Lake (Wuxi, China) blue algae were prepared by melt blending. The property and structure of biocomposites were investigated. By adding extra amount of water to blue algae, the formulated blue algae acted as a plastic in the composites during blending, and exhibited a reinforcing effect on the PBSA matrix. With increasing blue algae content, the thermal stability of the composites decreased; the tensile strength at break and elongation at break of the composites reduced, but the Young's modulus of the composites increased. However, the composite with 30% blue algae loading still exhibited good mechanical performance (tensile strength at break of 21.3 MPa, elongation at break of 180%). The fabrication of value-added PBSA/algae composites appeared as an effective approach to reduce the secondary environmental pollution of Taihu blue algae.

Utilization of Maleic Anhydride Modified Ground EVA Waste in NBR Vulcanizates

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bluma G. Soares ◽  
Ana C. O. Gomes ◽  
Viviane X. Moreira ◽  
Marcia G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Abstract The influence of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) waste (EVAW) on the rheological and mechanical properties of NBR vulcanizates compounds was studied. The optimum concentration of EVAW, which has presented higher ultimate tensile strength, was found to be 70 phr. In addition, the influence of EVAW modified with maleic anhydride as adhesion promoter was studied. Two distinct routes of modification with maleic anhydride were selected, originating a carboxylated EVA waste (EVAWCOOH) and an anhydride EVA waste (EVAWMA). An improvement of tensile strength and aging resistance was observed with the substitution of EVAW by EVAWCOOH or EVAWMA. A very good resistance to compression set has been achieved with the addition of EVAWCOOH. The improvement of mechanical performance was attributed to a better dispersion of EVAW along NBR matrix, promoted by the enhanced modified-waste polarity, which allowed a good interaction with polar NBR. The presence of anhydride group in functionalized EVAW resulted in the highest values of tensile strength but lower elongation at break and also lower values of tan delta obtained from dynamic testing. These behaviors have been attributed to an increase of crosslink density due to the reaction between zinc oxide and succinic pendant groups of EVAWMA.

scholarly journals Development of technology for producing biodegradable hybrid composites based on polyethylene, starch, and monoglycerides

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Vasilyev ◽  
V. V. Ananyev ◽  
V. V. Kolpakova ◽  
A. S. Sardzhveladze
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Distilled Monoglycerides

Objectives. This work aimed to develop technology to produce biodegradable hybrid composite (BHC) films based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 115030-070 and thermoplastic starches (TPS) of various origins (corn, pea, and rice), with distilled monoglycerides as the plasticizer. The properties of the produced BHC films were studied and the optimal native starch : glycerol : monoglycerides ratio is proposed.Methods. TPS and BHC films based on this material were produced from different types of native starches in laboratory extruders (Brabender and MashPlast, Russia), and the extruded melts were subjected to ultrasonic vibrations. The structure and appearance of the BHC films were studied using scanning electron microscopy and rheology. Their biodegradability was assessed by immersing them in biocompost for three months. To evaluate the mechanical performance of the BHC films produced with and without ultrasound, the changes in tensile stress and elongation at break were determined during the biodegradation process.Results. The BHC films had a homogeneous structure, except small agglomerates (non-melted starch grains), which did not reduce their quality. The films with monoglycerides had high tensile strength, which was comparable with low-density polyethylene. After removing samples of the BHC films from the biocompost, their tensile strength decreased by 20%, which shows their biodegradability.Conclusions. The produced biodegradable composite films and the technology used to produce them will be applicable for the packaging industry to reduce environmental impact.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance investigation of lignocellulosic coconut and pomegranate / LDPE biocomposite green materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Suleiman BaniHani ◽  
Faris M. AL-Oqla ◽  
Samer Mutawe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
A Value ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Biocomposites have been implemented in various industrial applications. However, it is necessary to demonstrate their desired mechanical performance aspects for the near future green products. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of utilizing both coconut and pomegranate lignocellulosic fiber as green reinforcement types for the low-density polyethylene, LDPE. Desired mechanical performance trends are investigated for the green composites including the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation to break properties as a function of various reinforcement configurations. This was performed to properly optimize the reinforcement conditions to obtain desirable mechanical characteristics of such types of bio-composites for more sustainable functional attributes. Results have demonstrated that the best tensile strength for the coconut/PE was achieved at 20wt.% case with 8.2 MPa, and the best regarding this property for the pomegranate/PE was at 30wt.% with a value close to 8.3 MPa. Moreover, obvious inverse relationship between strength and strain for the coconut composite type was revealed at both low and high fiber contents. It was also noticed that the 20wt.% coconut-based composite has demonstrated the best optimal values of tensile strength and tensile modulus simultaneously. But no reinforcement condition was found for pomegranate/LDPE as an optimal for these mechanical properties concurrently.

scholarly journals Investigation on tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184798041985584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadhossein Saberian ◽  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Ismail Ghasemi ◽  
Sajjad Daneshpayeh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

In this study, the response surface methodology was used to investigate the tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites. Box–Benhken method was used to design experiments for four factors consisting of graphene nano-platelets (at 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt%), carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (0, 5, and 10 wt%), hardener contents (80, 90, and 100 phr), and also different post curing temperature (130, 140, and 150°C). After the samples were prepared, a tensile test was performed to obtain the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of nanocomposites. Moreover, field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the state of graphene nano-platelets dispersion. The results obtained from the tensile tests showed that increasing the graphene nano-platelets, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, and hardener contents and high post curing temperature reduced the tensile strength. The optimum value of tensile modulus was achieved at low concentration of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and high contents of graphene nano-platelets, whereas maximum elongation at break occurred at high content of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and low concentration of graphene nano-platelets and hardener. In addition, a second-order polynomial model was used to correlate the tensile properties of ternary nanocomposites to the desired factors. Finally, contour plots were used to determine optimum values of the desired factors. It was seen that the presence of 10 wt% of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber in the epoxy matrix increased the elongation at break by the considerable amount of ∼49%.

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