The Electrical Characteristics of Medium Voltage Insulators Against Contaminants at Coastal Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Yulistya Negara ◽  
◽  
Dimas Anton Asfani ◽  
Daniar Fahmi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Distribution Line ◽  
Current Value

Insulators have an important role in an electrical distribution line. They has a role as a mechanical support and on electrical insulation that isolate the live line and dead part of the electrical poles. Environmental factors will affect the performance of the insulator. Every area where the isolator was installed has a unique characteristics, therefore the electrical characteristics of each insulator will be differ from an area to others area. This study investigated the electrical characteristics of the 20 kV insulator for some feeder that representing all regions in coastal area. Coastal area has four types of areas, namely industrial, household, city, and rural areas. The leakage current of sample of these four area were measured and the Non-Soluble Deposite Density (NSDD) of each sample were also measured. The results show that the industrial area had the highest leakage current value of 1.22 mA while the lowest leakage current was observed in the household area of 0.44 mA. These were also confirmed that the industrial area had the highest NSDD value of 0.2412 mg/cm2 and the lowest NSDD in household areas of 0.0228 mg/cm2 were observed. Moreover, It was also observed that the highest flashover voltages and insulation resistance were in rural areas of about 53.4 kV and 261.33 GΩ, respectively and the lowest flashovers were in household areas of about 39.34 kV and 118.83 GΩ, respectively.

scholarly journals Microfinance Institutions and Empowerment of Women in Rural Area: A Case in Tangerang

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkana ◽  
Lincolin Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Group Basis

The purpose of this study is to discover the performance of the financial independence, the members’ welfare, and accessibility of microfinance institutions to the rural areas in the Tangerang District. To measure the financial dependence is using financial ratios. Measuring levels of performance of the members’ welfare and accessibility using Chi-Square. The results found that, first, the level of welfare of members. The coastal areas have a higher loan value than other regions. Expenditure and income of members, industrial areas have high levels of spending and revenues higher than other regions. The performance of a range to members based on a group basis. Second, the performance of financial independence, categorized as "Healthy". The coastal area is 86.40, the area around the industrial area is 85.71 and agricultural area is 83,73. Third, the level of non-performing loans, the coastal area is 0.03, the industrial area is 0,26, and the agricultural area is 0.19.DOI:  10.15408/sjie.v6i1.4637 

Comparative analysis of three NDVI resolutions in different urban typologies. The case of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan García-Haro ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
First Results ◽  
Definition Of

<p>In recent years, the use of remote sensed NDVI has become recurrent in urban studies regarding the adaptation of cities to climate change. However, due to the physical diversity within cities and the different resolution offered by the sensors, the territorial interpretation of what the NDVI values really mean becomes difficult. Where the larger the size of the cells of the image, the greater the number of elements of the built environment within it, and the more complex the interpretation becomes.</p><p>In this work, the relationship between the NDVI of three sensors with different cell resolution for the same location and date is studied. In particular, the city of Granollers in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona is analyzed. First, the NDVI images were obtained from Landsat-8 with 30m resolution, Sentinel-2 with 10m and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of Catalonia (DARP) with 0.125m resolution. Then, the comparison was performed with a sample of five different typologies of the territory: dense urban core, suburban, industrial, area of highway and rural.</p><p>As first results, a supervised classification of the DARP image allowed the definition of 0.30 as the precise minimum value of NDVI that indicates the actual presence of vegetation. On the other hand, the comparison indicates that, in the urban context, the larger the cell size, the presence of vegetation quality is overestimated, where the higher percentage of cells is concentrated in higher NDVI values than in those with lower resolution. However, this behavior is not appreciated in rural areas, where higher percentages of cells of different resolutions were concentrated in the same NDVI ranges.</p><p>In such a way, it is corroborated that it is in the urban context where this indicator has a greater difficulty of territorial interpretation. Statements that are analyzed in greater depth in this study, where its implications in the use of NDVI in urban studies for the adaptation of cities to climate change are discussed.</p>

High Temperature capable SiC Schottky diodes, based on buried grid design.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (HITEC) ◽  
pp. 000058-000060
Author(s):  
Tomas Hjort ◽  
Adolf Schöner ◽  
Andy Zhang ◽  
Mietek Bakowski ◽  
Jang-Kwon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Schottky Barrier ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Schottky Barrier Diodes ◽  
Grid Design ◽  
High Temperature Operation

Electrical characteristics of 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes, based on buried grid design are presented. The diodes, rated to 1200V/10A and assembled into high temperature capable TO254 packages, have been tested and studied up to 250°C. Compared to conventional SiC Schottky diodes, Ascatron's buried grid SiC Schottky diode demonstrates several orders of magnitude reduced leakage current at high temperature operation.

scholarly journals Dimensões socioambientais do rural contemporâneo

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio BRANDENBURG ◽  
Angela Duarte Damasceno FERREIRA ◽  
Leonardo José Cordeiro SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Interests

O texto trata do meio ambiente rural da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e do Litoral Norte do Paraná a partir da sua heterogeneidade, do rural como espaço de interesses ambientais conflitantes, como espaço do risco socialmente construído, como espaço de reencontro com a natureza e como espaço de surgimento de novos atores sociais. Em função dos processos organizativos em curso nos espaços rurais, e em função do reconhecimento da diversidade de situações socioambientais existentes e das distintas estratégias implementadas pelos diferentes atores para se reproduzir, pode-se dizer que existe uma vitalidade dos grupos sociais rurais para recriar suas trajetórias e inscrevê-las como elementos da historicidade do seu território. Socio-environmental dimensions of contemporary rurality Abstract The text addresses the rural environment in the Curitiba Metropolitan Area and in Paraná’s northern coastal area in its heterogeneity, rural area as a space of conflicting environmental interests; as a space of socially created risk; as a space of reencounter with nature; and as a space for the emergence of new social actors. Owing to the organizational processes that are taking place in rural areas, and as a function of acknowledging the diversity of existing socio-environmental situations and different strategies implemented by different actors to reproduce themselves, it can be said that there is vitality in the rural social groups as they recreate their trajectories and include them as elements of the history of their territory.

Effect of Simultaneous Addition of Zr and Y on Electrical Characteristics of ZnO Varistors

2011 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Watanabe ◽  
Ai Fukumori ◽  
Yuji Akiyamna ◽  
Yuuki Sato ◽  
Shinzo Yoshikado
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Simultaneous Addition ◽  
Zno Varistor ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Electrical Degradation ◽  
Low Leakage Current ◽  
Zno Varistors

The effect of simultaneously adding Zr and Y to Bi–Mn–Co–Sb–Si–Cr–Ni-added ZnO varistors (having the same composition as a commercial varistor) on the varistor voltage, leakage current, and resistance to electrical degradation were investigated. Varistor voltage increased with increasing amount of Y for addition of 0–2 mol % Zr. On the other hand, the nonlinear coefficient α prior to electrical degradation changed very little on the addition of both Y and Zr. With the addition of approximately 1 mol% Zr, the leakage current decreased with increasing amount of Y added. A ZnO varistor with a varistor voltage of approximately 600 V/m, a low leakage current, and excellent resistance to electrical degradation was fabricated by adding approximately 2 mol% Y and approximately 1 mol% Zr.

Electrical Characteristics of New LDD Poly-Si TFT with MIS-Alignment Tolerant Structure for AMLCDs

1997 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Hyuk Min ◽  
Jerzy Kanicki
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Kink Effect ◽  
Low Leakage Current ◽  
Dual Gate ◽  
Output Characteristics

ABSTRACTA new LDD poly-Si TFT structure having symmetrical electrical characteristics independent of the process induced mis-alignment is described in this paper. Based on the experimental results, we have established there is no difference between the forward and reverse characteristics and a low leakage current, comparable to a conventional LDD poly-Si TFT, has been maintained for this new poly-Si TFTs. The maximum ON/OFF current ratio of about 1×108 is obtained for the LDD length of 1.0 μm. In addition, the kink effect in the output characteristics is remarkably improved in the new TFTs in comparison to the conventional non-LDD single- or dual-gate TFTs.

δ-Nb-doping Effect to The Interface Between IrO2 Top Electrode and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

2004 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Matsuura ◽  
Hideki Yamawaki ◽  
Masaki Nakabayashi ◽  
Yoshimasa Horii ◽  
Yoshihiro Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Doping Effect ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Nb Doping ◽  
Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

ABSTRACTWe studied the Nb doping effect on the electrical characteristics of MOCVD-PZT capacitors using uniformly Nb-doped Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (UND-PZT) and δ-Nb-doped PZT (DND-PZT) prepared by MOCVD. The 2Pr for UND-PZT was small and the UND-PZT hysteresis shifted in a positive direction. However, the 2Pr for DND-PZT decreased by only 5.5% and the hysteresis of DND-PZT didn't shift. In addition, the leakage current of DND-PZT decreased by one order at low bias compared to non-doped PZT, because the δ-Nb-doping layer maintains the barrier height, higher than that of none-doped PZT due to defect compensation. As a result, Nb1% DND-PZT was well suited to use Nb doping which decreases leakage current at low voltage and maintains 2Pr.

Study on Electrical Characteristics of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters in Medium Voltage Power System

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1073-1076
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Li Mei He
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Surge Arresters ◽  
Overvoltage Protection

The index system for electrical characteristics of metal-oxide surge arresters is proposed and established, which is based on rated voltage (Ur), continuous operating voltage (Uc), nominal discharge current (In), overvoltage protection and insulation coordination including lightning overvoltage protection level, operating overvoltage protection level and coordination coefficient (Ks). The study considers both selection and application of overvoltage protection devices for the electrical equipments in 3-35kV medium voltage power system, and comparatively calculates and analyzes the main parameters between two types metal-oxide surge arresters (without gaps and containing series gapped structures), and illustrates their technical features and puts forward suggestions on how to improve the effective utilization. The results of 10kV power distribution system are simulated to show that the conclusions are feasible and available in the practical engineering application.

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