scholarly journals Genetic sources for barley (Hordeum vulgare) breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
O. N. Shupletsova ◽  
I. N. Shchennikova
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
North East ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Background. The environmental conditions in the northeast of the Russian Non-Black-Soil zone require development of barley cultivars with resistance to higher soil acidity, drought and diseases. Increased productivity in stressful environments was achieved by combining different breeding techniques, including application of cell technologies.Materials and methods. Barley accessions from the unique collection of the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) served as sources of useful traits. These accessions underwent field- and laboratory-based research at the FASC of the North-East, which was targeted at the main qualities of breeding value: grain yield, growing season duration, and resistance to lodging, diseases and soil stress. Cultivation of callus tissues and regeneration of barley plants were performed in vitro on artificial nutrient media modified by adding selective agents simulating the effect of natural stressors.Results and discussion. After studying the accessions from VIR for various traits of breeding value for the environments of the Volga-Vyatka region, the following breeding sources were selected: cvs. ‘Dina’ (k‑29216, Russia), ‘Andrey’ (k‑30122, Russia), etc. for their earliness; ‘Belogorsky 90’ (k‑29770, Russia), ‘Syabra’ (k‑29917, Belarus), etc. for combined high yield and earliness; ‘Musson’ (k‑30968, Russia), ‘Fenix’ (k‑30835, Ukraine), etc. for lodging resistance; ‘Dina’ (k‑29216, Russia), ‘Medikum’ (k‑30962, Russia), etc. for disease resistance; and ‘Tandem’ (k‑30883, Russia), ‘Novichok’ (k‑30806, Russia), etc. for soil stress resistance. Besides, cvs. ‘Ekolog’ (k‑29417, Russia), ‘Conrad’ (k‑30406, USA), etc. were identified as promising for cellular breeding. General principles regulating selection of initial genotypes for barley tissue culture were formulated. Of practical interest is application of cell-level breeding techniques to cultivars sensitive or moderately resistant to stressors. Accessions from VIR’s collection have been used to develop spring barley cultivars adapted to the cultivation conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region: more than 30 cultivars through hybridization and selection, and 6 cultivars with theuse of in vitro tissue culture.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Woody Crops: The Avocado Case

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Chris O’Brien ◽  
Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage ◽  
Raquel Folgado ◽  
Alice Hayward ◽  
Sean Lahmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
In Vitro Storage ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Seed Crops

Recent development and implementation of crop cryopreservation protocols has increased the capacity to maintain recalcitrant seeded germplasm collections via cryopreserved in vitro material. To preserve the greatest possible plant genetic resources globally for future food security and breeding programs, it is essential to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation methods into a cohesive conservation plan. In vitro storage using tissue culture and cryopreservation techniques offers promising complementary tools that can be used to promote this approach. These techniques can be employed for crops difficult or impossible to maintain in seed banks for long-term conservation. This includes woody perennial plants, recalcitrant seed crops or crops with no seeds at all and vegetatively or clonally propagated crops where seeds are not true-to-type. Many of the world’s most important crops for food, nutrition and livelihoods, are vegetatively propagated or have recalcitrant seeds. This review will look at ex situ conservation, namely field repositories and in vitro storage for some of these economically important crops, focusing on conservation strategies for avocado. To date, cultivar-specific multiplication protocols have been established for maintaining multiple avocado cultivars in tissue culture. Cryopreservation of avocado somatic embryos and somatic embryogenesis have been successful. In addition, a shoot-tip cryopreservation protocol has been developed for cryo-storage and regeneration of true-to-type clonal avocado plants.

scholarly journals Adaptability of prospective spring barley cultivars bred in Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Irina N. Shchennikova ◽  
Olga N. Shupletsova ◽  
Irina Yu. Zaytseva ◽  
Larissa P. Kokina ◽  
Rimma I. Vyatkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
North East ◽  
Yield Capacity

Based on the statistical assessment of long-term field studies, in competitive variety tests, barley cultivars were identified adaptive to the conditions of the region, promising for transfer to the State variety test. As a result of the studies, a promising breeding material was created. The efficiency of using various methods of creating a new initial material, in particular, the cell culture method, is shown. A statistically significant correlation was established between the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) in the period “leaf tube formation - heading” and the yield capacity of a cultivar (r = 0.520). High variability (V = 24.4%) in the duration of the inter-stage period “leaf tube formation - heading” was revealed in the cultivars of competitive variety testing. Cultivars 94-13 and 38-15 are distinguished by a high yield potential (up to 6.4… 6.9 t/ha) and the duration of inter-stage periods, at which the main stages of organogenesis occur at the most favorable combination of heat and moisture for the potential development of plant features and properties. Cultivars 207-15, 38-15, and regenerant 550-08, characterized by high annual average yield capacity (5.9…5.7 tons/ha) and adaptability, are promising for transfer to the Russian Federation State variety test.

Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Central

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality

scholarly journals Obtaining barley genotypes in selective in vitro systems with complex resistance to soil stress factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Shupletsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Callus Lines

The aim of the work was to develop selective in vitro systems and obtain on their basis the initial breeding material of spring barley adapted to adverse soil conditions – increased acidity, toxicity of aluminum and heavy metals, drought. In the process of research, optimal patterns for selecting callus lines on selective media using various combinations of stress factors were identified: Al3 + (20–40 mg/l), H+ (4.0–6.0 pH units), Cd2 + (10-20 mg/l), Mn2 + (100–250 mg/l) and osmotic (10–20 % polyethyleneglycol). In the proposed in vitro selective systems, more than a thousand regenerated plants were obtained. Varieties created on the basis of regenerants exceed the standard in yield, have high productive tillering (29.0–67.5 % higher than the standard) and dense spike (4.5–6.6 % higher than the standard). Their advantage is due to resistance to lodging, a high level of survival, germination and environment-forming activity of the root system.

scholarly journals Callus induction and regeneration efficiency of spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šerhantová ◽  
J. Ehrenbergerová ◽  
L. Ohnoutková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency

Immature zygotic embryos are frequently used for induction of cell cultures in vitro and for genetic transformation. The effect of three synthetic auxins: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) on induction and subsequent regeneration capacity of barley. In vitro culture was studied in 12 spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and a variety of Golden Promise, with known high regeneration efficiency. The callus formation frequency and number of green regenerants were influenced significantly both by genotype and auxin. Most cultivars formed statistically significantly a higher mean number of regenerants (1.95) after the callus induction on the medium with 2.4-D as compared to the media with picloram and dicamba. Only two cultivars (Nordus and SG-S-261) did not respond to the used auxins differently. The highest average number of regenerants (from all three auxins) was obtained with Golden Promise (2.7 plants per one cultivated scutellum). From the set of genotypes used in our study, the cultivars Atribut, Forum, and Scarlett with the mean number of regenerants (2.09–1.57) would be the most suitable cultivars for further transformation use. They differ statistically significantly from the cultivars Nordus, Amulet, Akcent, SG-S-252, Orbit, and Granát (0.42–0.92) which had the lowest mean number of regenerants.

The nutritive value of varieties of wheat and barley straw

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 218-218
Author(s):  
M J Hart ◽  
M Kay ◽  
E R Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

The utilization of cereal straws are limited by their low nutritive value and bulkiness which prevents ruminants from consuming sufficient to meet their nutrient requirements. However, recently there has been interest in furthering the use of cereal straws as food for ruminants. The main objective of the present study was to provide information on the degradability of straw for cereal varieties recently included on the SAC recommended lists. A further objective was to examine the between farm variation in degradability of straw for individual cereal varieties and to assess how this may be affected by management practices in the field.Forty two samples of straw comprising three varieties of winter wheat, four varieties of winter barley and seven varieties of spring barley straw were collected from farms in and around the North East of Scotland. The potential degradabilities of the straw was measured using three different techniques; 1) the nylon bag technique (0rskov, 1985); 2) in vitro analysis, and 3) near infra red analysis (NIR).

RAPID IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF WESTERN GHATS CULTIVAR - COLOCASIA ESCULENTA FOR THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF PLANTLETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi R ◽  
Srinivasa Murthy K M ◽  
Hossein . ◽  
Veena .
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Planting Materials

Colocasia esculenta is commonly known as Taro, it is referred to as cocoyam in Nigeria. They are cherished for their rich taste, nutritional and medicinal properties. Every 100 g of taro corms possess 112 Kcal, 26.46 g carbohydrate, 1.50 g protein, 0.20 g total fat and 4.1g fiber (USDA National Nutrient Data Base). Besides its nutritional value, taro is used as a medical plant and provides bioactive compounds used as an anti-cancer drugs. Traditionally, cocoyams are vegetative propagated from tuber fragments, a practice that encourages pathogen distribution. Colocasia esculenta is a widely distributed food crop in the humid tropics and subtropics. Despite of its wide distribution, Taro plants are commonly infected with DsMV and other pathogens. This virus induces conspicuous mosaic, malformation, dwarfing or feathering on leaves in taro. As the results of infection, it reduces the quality and yield of taro production greatly. This virus is thus considered as a major limiting factor in the production of taro. Here plays the importance of  tissue culture plays a major role in producing the disease resistant plants round the year with high quality. For rapid multiplication and production of quality planting materials, tissue culture technology offers promising alternative compared to the traditional production methods. KEYWORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Virus, Pathogens, Conventional propagation, Micropropagation, Yield, Rapid multiplication, Quality

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN TUMOURS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (I) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander ◽  
Bengt Källén
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Ovarian Tumours

ABSTRACT An in vitro study has been made of experimentally produced rat ovarian tumours of different age, paying particular attention to tumour reaction to crystallized steroids. Tumours of two histological structures were found: granulosa cell – luteoma tumours and arrhenoblastoma tumours. Both types grew in vitro and pictures of their cell appearance are given. The former type gave the best growth, and the endocrine studies were restricted to this type. The steroids tested (androsterone, oestrone, progesterone) all had an arresting effect in certain cases. This effect is not an unspecific, toxic one. The different tumours react to different extents, some being completely unaffected.

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