Adaptability of prospective spring barley cultivars bred in Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East

Based on the statistical assessment of long-term field studies, in competitive variety tests, barley cultivars were identified adaptive to the conditions of the region, promising for transfer to the State variety test. As a result of the studies, a promising breeding material was created. The efficiency of using various methods of creating a new initial material, in particular, the cell culture method, is shown. A statistically significant correlation was established between the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) in the period “leaf tube formation - heading” and the yield capacity of a cultivar (r = 0.520). High variability (V = 24.4%) in the duration of the inter-stage period “leaf tube formation - heading” was revealed in the cultivars of competitive variety testing. Cultivars 94-13 and 38-15 are distinguished by a high yield potential (up to 6.4… 6.9 t/ha) and the duration of inter-stage periods, at which the main stages of organogenesis occur at the most favorable combination of heat and moisture for the potential development of plant features and properties. Cultivars 207-15, 38-15, and regenerant 550-08, characterized by high annual average yield capacity (5.9…5.7 tons/ha) and adaptability, are promising for transfer to the Russian Federation State variety test.

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Performances of groundnut varieties under sub-tropical climate of North East Hilly Agro-Ecological Region of India

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i2.9534 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Datta ◽

G. S. Yadav ◽

S. Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

North East ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Ecological Region

North east hilly eco-region of India is characterized by highly undulating topography and fragile ecology. Here the cultivation of rice on upland and medium land is not a profitable venture to farmers. Therefore, to find out alternative crop with high yield potential cultivars a three year field study from 2008 to 2010 on agronomic evaluation of groundnut cultivars under sub-tropical climate of North East hilly Agro-ecological region was carried out. The experiment consists of fourteen groundnut cultivars (V1- ICGS-76, V2- GG-2, V3- GG-13,V4-TG 37 A, V5-FeESG-10, V6-FeESG-8,V7-K-134,V8-GG-6,V9-SB XI, V10 GG-11,V11-KAUSHAL,V12-GG-4,V13-GG-2,V14-GG-8) as treatment in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Results revealed that highest plant dry weight was produced by cultivar “KAUSHAL” (32.99 g/plant), while lowest was recorded with cultivar “FeESG-10” (16.32 g/plant). However, the highest numbers of pod (25.32) were observed with “ICGS-76”. Cultivar GG-11 had produced highest pod and seed weight (34.80 g/plant and 20.62 g/plant, respectively) as compared to other cultivars, while lowest pod and seed weight (8.96 g/plant and 6.39 g/plant, respectively) with “FeESG-8”. Maximum pod yield (2.06t/ha) was produced by GG-11 cultivars, although highest stover yield (2.37 t/ha) was produced in cultivar KAUSHAL. Cultivar GG-11 had also recorded highest shelling percentage. Therefore, it is suggested that GG-11 a better option for substituting the upland and medium land rice during kharif season for enhancing the farmer’s income.

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Determinants of spring barley yield in a high-yield potential environment

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859616000289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 (1) ◽

pp. 60-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. P. KENNEDY ◽

I. J. BINGHAM ◽

J. H. SPINK

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Grain Number ◽

Early Season ◽

Stem Extension ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Ear Number ◽

High Yield Potential

SUMMARYThe literature suggests that grain number largely determines and as such limits yield in barley. Many of the reported studies were conducted in relatively low-yielding environments and it is unclear if grain number is also a limiting factor in high-yield potential climates. Nor is it known with certainty what physiological or morphological traits must be targeted in order to increase grain number. A detailed programme of assessments was carried out on replicated field plots of a two-row spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L. cvar Quench) at three sites (Carlow, Wexford and Cork) in Ireland from 2011 to 2013. Plots were managed for high yield potential as per current best farm practice. Destructive sampling and in-field assessments were carried out at approximately weekly intervals from emergence onwards to gather growth, development and yield component data. Across nine site/seasons, grand means of 8·52 t/ha for yield, 18 419 for grain number/m2 and 46·41 mg for mean grain weight were achieved. Grain number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in yield and ear number/m2 accounted for most of the variation in grain number/m2. Early-season maximum shoot number/m2 had little influence on harvest ear number/m2. The period over which final ear number was determined was more flexible than the literature suggests, where the phases of tiller production and senescence varied considerably. Significant post-anthesis re-tillering occurred following the initial phase of shoot mortality at two out of nine site/seasons, but this appeared to contribute little to yield. Yield was positively associated with the proportion of shoots surviving from an early season maximum to a mid-season minimum (R2 = 0·62). Shoot size and weight at the beginning of stem extension had the largest influence on shoot survival, indicating that crop condition and hence growth and development pre-stem extension may be more important for shoot survival than growth and development during the stem extension period. Achieving high shoot numbers of adequate size and weight at the beginning of stem extension may be an appropriate target for establishing a high-yield potential crop.

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Influence of source, timing and placement of nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen removal of durum wheat under reduced- and conventional-tillage management

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p00-091 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

C. A. Grant ◽

K. R. Brown ◽

G. J. Racz ◽

L. D. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Field Studies ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

N Recovery ◽

Available N

Effective fertilizer management is critical to maintain economic production and protect long-term environmental quality. Field studies were conducted over 4 yr at two locations in southwestern Manitoba to determine the effect of source, timing and placement of N on grain yield and N recovery of durum wheat (Triticum durum L. ‘Sceptre’) under reduced-tillage (RT) and conventional-tillage (CT) management. The effect of N management on durum grain yield and N recovery differed with soil type and tillage system. On the clay loam (CL) soil, lower yields with fall- as compared with spring-banded N were more frequent under RT than CT. Lower yields occurred more frequently with fall-applied as compared with spring-applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) than when urea or NH3 was the N source. On the drier fine sandy loam (FSL) soil, fall applications of N generally produced similar to higher grain yield than did spring applications. Differences among fertilizer sources and tillage systems were much less frequent with spring than fall applications of N. Where differences occurred, durum grain yields were higher with in-soil than surface applications of urea or UAN. In-soil applications of urea and UAN increased durum grain yield as compared with surface applications more frequently under RT than CT on the CL soil where yield potential was high, whereas increases on the FSL were as common under CT as under RT. On soils with a high yield potential, enhanced immobilisation and/or volatilisation of surface-applied N may reduce grain yield by reducing available N, particularly under RT. Selection of a suitable source-timing and placement combination to optimise crop yield may be more important under RT than CT. Key words: Conservation tillage, direct seeding, placement

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Breeding and genetic patterns in trait expression and efficiency of creation of spring barley cultivars

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v23.992 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 68-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. R. Kozachenko ◽

N. I. Vasko ◽

O. H. Naumov ◽

P. M. Solonechnyi ◽

O. V. Solonechna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Breeding Method ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

State Register ◽

Genetic Patterns ◽

Yield Capacity ◽

The Creation

Aim. Solutions of scientific problems of increasing the efficiency of genetic breeding methods are important objectives in the creation of valuable spring barley cultivars. Methods. Analyses of variance, variation, correlation and regression as well as genetic methods of analyzing features of genotypes in the diallel crossing and top-crossing design were used. Results. The important scientific problems with regard to increasing the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity, brewing quality and starch fraction composition were solved by establishing morphological and biological characteristics, dispersion, correlation, variability, adaptability, breeding and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, components of genetic variation, combining ability of plant traits as well as the effectiveness of hybridization and mutagenesis methods. As a result of the patterns established, the efficiency of the creation of economically valuable spring barley cultivars was increased. Conclusions. The new solutions of important scientific problems of raising the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity and grain quality were proposed and generalized. On this basis, valuable cultivars were created. As of 2017, 17 of them have been were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination inUkraine. Keywords: breeding-genetic patterns, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar, breeding method, yield capacity and grain quality.

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SOURCES OF BARLEY RESISTANCE TO HELMINTHOSPORIOTIC DISEASES AND THEIR USE IN THE NORTH-EAST FARC

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2020-55-2-76-83 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Т. К. Sheshegova ◽

I. N. Shchennikova

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Stability Index ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

High Yield ◽

Regression Equations ◽

High Productivity ◽

North East ◽

Slow Rusting ◽

The North ◽

Period 2

The paper explores 70 samples of spring barley from the collection of WIR under conditions of rather rigid natural infectious helminthosporioses (striped, reticulated and dark brown spotting) in FARC of the North-East in 2018-2019. The spotting was investigated 4-5 times during plants ontogenesis every 10-12 days since the phase 29 on the Cadox scale. The methodology suggested by O.S. Afanasenko (2005) was used to assess the diseases. The nature of vegetative-microbial interactions was evaluated by SCDP (square under the curve of disease progress) and IS (stability index) indicators. During immunological experiment, the authors observed 11 samples resistant to dark brown spotting with lesion rate 10.0-13.0%, SCDP parameters equal 167-223, DUT was 0.18-0.25; 18 samples resistant to reticular spotting (6.0-10.0%, PCRB - 53-103, DUT - 0.18-0.35), and 29 samples characterized by immunity and high resistance to stripe spotting (0-5.0%, SCDP - 10-75). IS - 0.01-0.09). Only 4 samples (Makbo, Kalkul, Buyan and Forward) are characterized by group non-specific resistance to reticulate and dark brown spotting and striate immunity. The longest occurrence period (2-7 days) of dark brown spotting was observed in 8 samples, and reticulum spotting (2-13 days) - in 16 samples. The paper finds out that NCL 95098 (Argentina) had the relatively long occurrence period in terms of dark brown spotting, and varieties from Afghanistan (k-5983) and China (k-2929) to reticulate spotting. Badiory, Makbo, Rodos, and Buyan varieties have equal dynamics of both spotting and slow rusting of diseases in ontogenesis. There is a weak (r = -0.33 - reticulate) and medium (r = -0.58 - dark brown) negative correlation between the latent period and the defeat. The regression equations (y = -0,6071x+6,8571; R2 = 0,917 - dark brown; y = -0,3941x+11,35; R2 = 0,733 - reticulated) show that from infection to the first disease symptoms, their daily increase in trend is 0,61 and 0,39%. Kalkul, NCL 95098, Badioryi and Buyan varieties are seen as effective promising for selection programs to produce high yield adaptive varieties under the conditions of the region. Apart from stability, they are distinguished by the number of productive stems, long, well-grained ears and high productivity.

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JOHNSTON BARLEY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-198 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 1431-1433

Author(s):

ROBERT I. WOLFE

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽

Research Station ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Leaf Disease ◽

High Yield Potential

Johnston, a six-rowed feed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba from a cross involving Klondike, Bonanza and Nord. It has high yield potential across the Canadian prairies, particularly in parts of Alberta, resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), and excellent field leaf disease ratings.

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Association of morphological traits with lodging resistance in spring barley under the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-32-40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 32-40

Author(s):

I. Yu. Zaytseva ◽

I. N. Shchennikova

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

High Yield ◽

Science Center ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Methodological Guidelines

Background. Lodging has an extremely negative impact on barley yield: grain quality and planting properties are deteriorated, disease incidence increases, and mechanized harvesting becomes difficult, so it is important to find new sources of lodging resistance in barley and use them in crosses and breeding programs to develop non-lodging barley cultivars.Materials and methods. Experimental work was carried out in 2018 and 2019 at Federal Agricultural Science Center of the North-East (FASC North-East), Kirov. Yield structure components and lodging resistance levels were assessed for 29 accessions from the spring barley collection. The study was based on the International COMECON List of Descriptors for the Genus Hordeum L. (subgen. Hordeum) and Methodological Guidelines for the Study and Preservation of the World Collection of Barley and Oats.Results and conclusions. Lodging resistance was observed to have a strong correlation with yield (r = 0.72) and plant height (r = –0.60), and a medium correlation with tillering (r = 0.40) and number of nodal roots at maturation (r = 0.44). No relationship was found between lodging resistance and morphological features of the second lowest internode, which means that selection of non-lodging forms by these criteria will not be effective. Lodging-resistant accessions demonstrated higher yield, tillering, productivity, 1000 grain weight, and a longer and denser ear compared to nonresistant accessions. Accessions combining high yield with lodging resistance and a set of traits promising for breeding were identified: ‘Belgorodsky 100’, ‘Naran’ (k-30892), ‘Kazminsky’ (k-30926), ‘Shchedry’ (k-31046) (Russia); ‘Syabra’ (k-30917), ‘Raider’ (Belarus); ‘Odesssky 115’ (k-29010, Ukraine), ‘Mie’ (k-30379, Estonia), ‘Rodos’ (k-30256, Poland).

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Perspectives of barley breeding for the conditions of the Volgo-Vyatka region (analytical review)

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.1.21-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31

Author(s):

I. N. Shchennikova ◽

L. P. Kokina

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Specific Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Forage Production ◽

High Productivity ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Key Factor

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of sown areas and characteristics of barley varieties zoned in the Kirov region for 2020. In 2019 in the Kirov region the varieties cultivated in production for more than 20 years had the largest specific weight – 50.1 % of the acreage occupied with barley. Those cultivated for more than 10 years had 36.1 %; from 5 to 10 years – 13.8 %. Certified sowings varied from year to year in percentage to the occupied area. There is a gradual decrease in unsorted sowings of barley from 3.0 thousand hectares in 2017 up to 1.18 thousand hectares in 2019. The areas sown with barley varieties bred in Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North East named N. V. Rudnitsky (FARC North-East) in the structure of sown areas in 2019 were from 21.5 % in the southern zone up to 57.8 % in the northern zone of the Kirov region. For the whole of the region the greatest distribution was recorded among Belarussian cultivars Zazersky 85 (39.3 % of the areas sown with barley), and cultivars bred in FARC North-East: Ecolog (10.8 %), Rodnik Prikamiya (7.1 %) and Novichok (7.0 %). In northern districts of the region the ratio changed: Ecolog – 27.2 %, Rodnik Prikamiya – 18.9 %, Novichok – 9.0 %, Zazersky 85 – 7.7 %. High productivity (4.22-4.79 t/ha in average), resistance to lodging and diseases characterize the zoned cultivars. The main disadvantage of barley assortment offered for zoning is the lack of stable yield and differences in duration of the growing season among the varieties. All cultivars belong to the group of mid-season, except for the mid-late cultivar Zazersky 85. The region is short of the sources of high-quality raw materials for forage production; only 30.7 % of all assortment of barley in the region are presented by cultivars with high grain quality (Ecolog, Belgorodsky 100, Rodnik Prikamiya and Pamyati Rodinoy). Currently, the trend for developing high-yield early, resistant to lodging and diseases barley varieties of high grain quality is to become the key factor in breeding work.

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Genetic sources for barley (Hordeum vulgare) breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2019-1-82-88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (1) ◽

pp. 82-88

Author(s):

O. N. Shupletsova ◽

I. N. Shchennikova

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

North East ◽

Soil Stress ◽

Breeding Techniques

Background. The environmental conditions in the northeast of the Russian Non-Black-Soil zone require development of barley cultivars with resistance to higher soil acidity, drought and diseases. Increased productivity in stressful environments was achieved by combining different breeding techniques, including application of cell technologies.Materials and methods. Barley accessions from the unique collection of the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) served as sources of useful traits. These accessions underwent field- and laboratory-based research at the FASC of the North-East, which was targeted at the main qualities of breeding value: grain yield, growing season duration, and resistance to lodging, diseases and soil stress. Cultivation of callus tissues and regeneration of barley plants were performed in vitro on artificial nutrient media modified by adding selective agents simulating the effect of natural stressors.Results and discussion. After studying the accessions from VIR for various traits of breeding value for the environments of the Volga-Vyatka region, the following breeding sources were selected: cvs. ‘Dina’ (k‑29216, Russia), ‘Andrey’ (k‑30122, Russia), etc. for their earliness; ‘Belogorsky 90’ (k‑29770, Russia), ‘Syabra’ (k‑29917, Belarus), etc. for combined high yield and earliness; ‘Musson’ (k‑30968, Russia), ‘Fenix’ (k‑30835, Ukraine), etc. for lodging resistance; ‘Dina’ (k‑29216, Russia), ‘Medikum’ (k‑30962, Russia), etc. for disease resistance; and ‘Tandem’ (k‑30883, Russia), ‘Novichok’ (k‑30806, Russia), etc. for soil stress resistance. Besides, cvs. ‘Ekolog’ (k‑29417, Russia), ‘Conrad’ (k‑30406, USA), etc. were identified as promising for cellular breeding. General principles regulating selection of initial genotypes for barley tissue culture were formulated. Of practical interest is application of cell-level breeding techniques to cultivars sensitive or moderately resistant to stressors. Accessions from VIR’s collection have been used to develop spring barley cultivars adapted to the cultivation conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region: more than 30 cultivars through hybridization and selection, and 6 cultivars with theuse of in vitro tissue culture.

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VARIOUS RESOURCES OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION FOR RAW MATERIAL FOR BREWING INDUSTRY OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5a8432bf570254.24010047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Рустем Кадиков ◽

Rustem Kadikov ◽

В. Михкельман ◽

V. Mihkel'man

Keyword(s):

Import Substitution ◽

Field Studies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Brewing Industry ◽

Ecological Adaptability ◽

The Republic ◽

High Yield Potential

Field studies in the northern and southern forest-steppe zones of Bashkortostan determine the parameters of yield, grain quality and ecological adaptability of brewing barley varieties. The competitive advantage of the barley of Mikhailovskiy variety is revealed, which most consistently implements the high yield potential and brewing properties of grain by years and zones of the Republic.

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