PATHOMORPHOLOGIC AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF AVIAN DISEASES, SHOwING wITH THE PRIMARY LESION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

One of the most common causes of chronic pain in the facial region, including in the trigeminal nerve link, which is not associated with dental diseases, is pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. At the same time, there is evidence in the literature that there are relationships between pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, abnormal occlusion, cervical-muscular tonic phenomena, postural disorders, dysfunction of the Autonomous nervous system and cochleovestibular manifestations. At the same time, neurophysiological indicators of functional disorders in the maxillofacial region and intersystem interactions in pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are insufficiently studied.Goal. The aim of the work is to evaluate the neurophysiological features of trigeminal afferentation in terms of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSWP) and the auditory conducting system of the brain in terms of acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASVP) in distal occlusion of the dentition with pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison with physiological occlusion in students 18-21 years old. Material and methods. The main study included 41 students with distal occlusion (21 girls and 20 boys), (grade II Engl, symmetrically right and left in 14 people, and grade II Engl on the left and grade I on the right in 12 people, grade I on the left and grade II on the right in 15 people). All respondents with distal occlusion and who were practically healthy signed an informed consent to participate in the study. We used complex orthodontic methods of examination, subjective degree of severity and intensity of pain in the TMJ, assessment of the Autonomous nervous system (samples and tests), and neurophysiological methods for assessing TSVP and ASVP. Results. Significant differences in ASEP parameters were found in the group of respondents with distal occlusion in the form of a decrease in the latency period of peak I, III, and V compared to physiological occlusion, that correlated with the subjective assessment (in points) of cochleovestibular disorders. According to the TSVP study, a decrease in the duration of latent periods was found, which indicates an increased excitability of non-specific brain stem structures at the medullo-ponto-mesencephalic level compared to the control group. Conclusions. The results obtained are supposed to be used for differential diagnostics, including such dental diseases as TMJ pain dysfunction, occlusion abnormalities accompanied by pain syndrome. Additional functional diagnostics of multi-modal VP of the brain (acoustic evoked potentials, trigeminal evoked potentials) can be performed in conjunction with indicators of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, with parameters of severity of clinical symptoms of cochleovestibular disorders, musculoskeletal dysfunction the maxillofacial area, with indicators of pain, which will determine the tactics and effectiveness of subsequent treatment.

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The relevance of the use of electroencephalography and audiometry for the diagnosis of drug-related nervous system complications in patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during the main course of chemotherapy

Infusion & Chemotherapy ◽

10.32902/2663-0338-2018-18-1-25-29 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

V.I. Ignatieva ◽

T.M. Martsinyuk ◽

V.A. Svyatnenko ◽

G.L. Gumeniuk

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Objective Data ◽

Treatment Practice ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Timely Treatment

PURPOSE. To analyze the relevance of introduction of modern diagnostics methods for the evaluation of drug-related complications that affect the nervous system in TB treatment practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We have analyzed the literature data regarding the problem of diagnosing drug-related complications that affect the nervous system in patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during the main course of chemotherapy. RESULTS. According to the results of the analysis, it was revealed that today in the TB practice there is over- or under-diagnosing of drug-related complications from the part of nervous system in patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis during the main course of chemotherapy, which is due to the lack of technical possibilities of control and the need to get conclusions from specialists with narrow expertise – otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and neuropathologists. CONCLUSIONS. The lack of data on the prevalence of drug-related nervous system complications is due to the possibility of their detection only with the help of specific technical means of control and on the basis of the conclusions of narrow specialists. The wide introduction of electroencephalography using evoked potentials and audiometry in TB practice will allow obtaining objective data on prevalence, carrying out clear differential diagnostics, monitoring the development of such complications, as well as providing timely treatment within the required amount.

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Differential Diagnostics of Vertebrogenic and Nonvertebrogenic Vascular Pathologies

Biomeditsina ◽

10.33647/2074-5982-16-2-47-59 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

N. N. Karkischenko ◽

A. A. Nikolaev ◽

Yu. A. Chudina ◽

D. B. Chaivanov ◽

A. A. Vartanov

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cervical Spine ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Vertebral Artery ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

The Brain

This article investigates consistency in the work of the heart and blood vessels in vascular diseases of a vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic nature, which are characterized by disorders of the cardiovascular system leading to an insuffi cient blood supply to the spinal cord and the brain. Vertebrogenic vascular pathologies were studied by the example of vertebral artery disorders in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, while non-vertebrogenic pathologies were considered in the syndrome of somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. It is shown that, compared to the norm, the degree of consistence in the work of the heart and blood vessels is lower in vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic vascular pathologies.

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Pharmacoresistance in epilepsy and ways for overcoming it (literature review)

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Medicine ◽

10.21638/spbu11.2020.303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 184-197

Author(s):

Gulshirin Charyyeva ◽

◽

Liudmila Tibekina ◽

Olga Subbotina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Literature Review ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Living Standard ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Considerable Influence ◽

Definition Of ◽

True Definition ◽

Human Nervous System

Epilepsy is the most taking place disease of the human nervous system. Despite the fact that we are continuously introducing new medicines into therapy of this illness we still are failing to take control over seizures in 1/3 cases. Persisting seizures gain considerable influence on patients’ living standard and within children audience cause delays in person maturity. Given article shows deep analysis of the last years researches which gave background to discover main mechanisms of pharmacoresistance. The issues of pathophysiological features of medicine resistance and reasons of false diagnostics are as well discussed. Authors highlighted few pathologic conditions where applied differential diagnostics allowed to avoid diagnostical mistakes. True definition of the certain seizures features according to the up to date classification makes it possible for clinical staff to prescribe correct anticonvulsant therapy, so far diminishing the risk of pseudo resistance outcome of disease. The article introduces criteria of natural resistance which if being recognized allows to perform dew time surgical treatment and therefore cuts seizures in most of the cases.

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Clinical variants of limbic encephalitis

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2050313x19846042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 2050313X1984604 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haggai Schermann ◽

Irina Victorovna Ponomareva ◽

Vasily Gennadievich Maltsev ◽

Konstantin Borisovich Yakushev ◽

Mikhail Aizikovich Sherman

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Limbic Encephalitis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Pulse Therapy ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Clinical Variants ◽

Symptom Complex ◽

Unclear Etiology

The clinical picture of immunomediator disorders of the central nervous system resulting from autoimmune or paraneoplastic processes is often represented by the limbic symptom complex or limbic encephalitis. The article gives a brief description of these conditions, allocated to a separate nosological group in 2007. The symptoms of limbic encephalitis include mental disorders and epileptic seizures of both convulsive and non-convulsive spectrum, up to epileptic status. Four clinical cases representative of different variants of limbic encephalitis are presented in this study, along with the discussion of epidemiology, differential diagnostics, and generally accepted patient management strategies. The diagnosis of limbic encephalitis was made on clinical grounds alone in three cases and on the presence of antibodies to N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors in one case. A combination of glucocorticoid pulse therapy with prolonged use of valproic acid was successfully applied for the treatment of limbic encephalitis with non-convulsive epileptic status. Plasmapheresis was used for the treatment of limbic encephalitis with recurrent focal non-motor attacks with and without loss of consciousness, as well as for limbic encephalitis with focal motor attacks. Presented cases emphasize the need to increase the awareness of physicians of various specialties to autoimmune disorders of the nervous system. In addition, it highlights the necessity of complete diagnostic workup for a patient with impaired consciousness of unclear etiology.

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Pathometric algorythm in multiple sclerosis differential diagnostics

Neurology Bulletin ◽

10.17816/nb87504 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol XXXIV (1-2) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

S. V. Makarov

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Nervous System ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽

Natural Killers ◽

Nervous System Diseases ◽

Neurologic Diseases ◽

High Discrimination

A significance of some immunological indices has been studied, used for differential diagnostics of multiple sclerosis and similar nervous system diseases. They had been studied on the basis of pathometric algorythm. 89 patients aged from 17 to 52 were examined which had been diagnosed for multiple sclerosis. In groups of comparison there were 34 patients with encephalomyelo-polyradiculoneuritis and 52 patients with noninflammatory neurologic disiases. The revealed difference in aminoregulation processes in subpopulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killers predecessors evidences their smaller functional activity and smaller participation in immunological processis in encephalomyelo-polyradiculoneuritis compared to that in multiple sclerosis. High discrimination properties of immunologic indices, chosen by pathometric algorythm are based on marker expression changes in lymphocyte membranes when performing test systems with monoamines. It has been most vividly shown in comparison between multiple sclerosis group and noninflammatory neurologic diseases group. Diagnostic tables have been developed, necessary for practical use as an additional clinico-laboratory method in multiple sclerosis diagnostics and in autoimmune character revealing in encephalomyelo-polyradiculoneuritis.

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The effectiveness of the examination algorithm in the practice of a neurologist during preliminary medical examinations

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-689-690 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 689-689

Author(s):

Eu. N. Malysheva ◽

I. A. Vologodskaya ◽

T. V. Azizova

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Health Check ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Expert Assessment ◽

Examination Protocol ◽

Mayak Production Association ◽

Medical Health ◽

Medical Examinations ◽

Fitness To Work

An examination protocol for routine medical health check-ups of Mayak Production Association workers by a neurology specialist enables advanced detection and differential diagnostics of diseases of the nervous system, conclusion on fitness to work and expert assessment of a disease-occupation causal relationship.

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Difficulties of differential diagnostics of Guillain–Barré syndrome in children. The discussion of two clinical cases

Russian Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-2-55-59 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

A. S. Kotov ◽

E. V. Mukhina ◽

A. V. Shatalin ◽

M. V. Panteleeva ◽

M. S. Bunak

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽

Flaccid Paralysis ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré ◽

Clinical Cases

Guillain–Barré syndrome – an acute demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by lesions of the peripheral nervous system and consequently peripheral paralysis, paresthesias and/or pain. Guillain–Barré syndrome is a predominant cause of acute flaccid paralysis, which may occur at any age. We present two clinical cases of flaccid paralysis with patients at the age of 7 and 5 years requiring verification of the diagnosis.

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Antihyperalgesic Effect of Hesperidin Improves with Diosmin in Experimental Neuropathic Pain

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/8263463 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Azucena I. Carballo-Villalobos ◽

María-Eva González-Trujano ◽

Francisco Pellicer ◽

Francisco J. López-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Chronic Constriction Injury ◽

Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽

Primary Lesion ◽

Antinociceptive Activity ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Central Activity ◽

Cci Model

Neuropathic pain is caused by a primary lesion, dysfunction, or transitory perturbation in the peripheral or central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the hesperidin antihyperalgesic effects alone or combined with diosmin in a model of neuropathic pain to corroborate a possible synergistic antinociceptive activity. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed in the aesthesiometer and plantar tests, respectively, after chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats receiving hesperidin (HS, 5 doses from 10 to 1000 mg/kg) alone or combined with diosmin (DS, 10 and 100 mg/kg) in comparison to gabapentin (31.6 mg/kg). UHPLC-MS analysis of cerebral samples was used to recognize the central concentrations of these flavonoids. Participation of different receptors was also investigated in the presence of haloperidol, bicuculline, and naloxone antagonists. Acute hesperidin administration significantly decreased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Antihyperalgesic response of hesperidin, improved by a combination with diosmin (DS10/HS100) in both stimuli, was blockaded by haloperidol, bicuculline, and naloxone, but not WAY100635, antagonists. Both flavonoids were detected in brain samples. In conclusion, hesperidin alone and combined with diosmin produces antihyperalgesic response in the CCI model in rats. Antihyperalgesic effect of DS10/HS100 combination involves central activity partially modulated by D2,GABAA, and opioids, but not by 5-HT1A, receptors.

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Pain responsiveness to opioids: Central versus peripheral neuropathic pain

Journal of Opioid Management ◽

10.5055/jom.2011.0080 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 391-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Howard S. Smith, MD ◽

Patrick D. Meek, PharmD, MSPH

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Analgesic Efficacy ◽

Primary Lesion ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Limited Data ◽

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽

Central Neuropathic Pain ◽

Third Line ◽

Opioid Responsiveness

Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. Neuropathic pain is composed of peripheral neuropathic pain (with a primary lesion or dysfunction in the peripheral nervous system) and central neuropathic pain (CNP; with a primary lesion or dysfunction in the central nervous system). CNP may be further subdivided into supraspinal central neuropathic pain and spinal central neuropathic pain. Opioids have a role in the pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain; however, there is a scarcity of literature on the treatment of CNP with opioids. One of the few statements in the literature regarding the analgesic efficacy of opioids for CNP suggests that despite limited data, the opioid responsiveness for neuropathic pain of central and peripheral etiologies is similar. After reviewing the extremely limited data, it is proposed that although there may be a subpopulation of patients with CNP who have a reasonable analgesic response to opioids, overall, when sensory pain rating is used as the yardstick, CNP appears to respond less well to opioids than peripheral neuropathic pain. Thus, opioids should be considered a second- or third-line agent in any algorithm of the pharmacologic treatment of CNP. Also within CNP, it appears that supraspinal central neuropathic pain may respond less well to a trial of opioids than spinal central neuropathic pain. Moreover, under close monitoring for side effects (eg, constipation), it is suggested that clinicians may want to consider titrating to higher doses of potent opioids before the trial is judged to be unsuccessful for refractory supraspinal central neuropathic pain.

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