Hierarchy of homeostasis mechanisms of human-machine complexes: problems of their analysis and Implementation

Ergodesign ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Sergey Bagretsov ◽  
Evgeny Shalonov ◽  
Lyudmila Rozanova
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Hierarchical Networks ◽  
Parameter Constancy ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Developing control systems for regional socio-economic and large technical systems is inevitably associated with the concept of human-machine complexes (HMC). They are considered as a set of a large number of hierarchically dependent complex subsystems, including staffs and machines, possessing a certain degree of organization and autonomy, interconnected by mechanisms and means of organization (i.e. material and informational links) to ensure the purposeful functioning of the entire system as a single whole in conditions of tense internal resource close to the limiting ones. The article discusses the hierarchy of interrelated homeostasis mechanisms of the HMC, ensuring both its parameter constancy and the performance of systemic functions at all hierarchy levels. In particular, the following types of homeostasis are considered: a parametric type (the internal circuit of homeostasis), designed to maintain the parameter constancy of HMC active elements and a functional type (the external circuit of homeostasis), ensuring the constancy of its functioning. At the same time, the functional integrity of the system is ensured by the work of the interrelated static-dynamic and entropy-organizational homeostasis mechanisms, which, in turn, in practical activity are implemented through coordination-motivational (CMR), organizational-motivational (OMP) and functional (FMR) mechanisms of regulation. The need for an integrated application of all entropy-organizational regulation mechanisms (CMR, OMR, FMR) in the operators’ activities determines the necessity to use multivariate methods to determine their composition and application. To solve this problem, the article examines the supersystem elements of the activity regulation, which are formed as a result of the operators’ psychological interaction in the process of their activity, as a kind of an abstract system of a higher order, which has its own supersystem properties, its own autonomous metric and conservation laws, and most importantly, its situation reflection which is different from the system one. In this case, homeostatic hierarchical networks, the elements of which are homeostatic mechanisms of HMC operators at various levels, become the basis of HMC structural-hierarchical homeostasis. Thus, being complex systems, HMC synergistically change (adapt) their internal characteristics, thereby ensure the integrity of the entire system functioning, which allows speaking, on the one hand, of their homeostaticity as the HMC most important characteristic, and on the other hand, determining the need to search for new approaches to their methodological description, and, consequently, to organizing their management and design.

Predictive, Deadbeat, and Combined Controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
The One

In this chapter, three control methods recently developed for or applied to electric motors in general and to permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors, in particular, are presented. The methods include model predictive control (MPC), deadbeat control (DBC), and combined vector and direct torque control (CC). The fundamental principles of the methods are explained, the machine models appropriate to the methods are derived, and the control systems are explained. The PMS motor performances under the control systems are also investigated. It is elaborated that MPC is capable of controlling the motor under an optimal performance according to a defined objective function. DBC, on the other hand, provides a very fast response in a single operating cycle. Finally, combined control produces motor dynamics faster than one under VC, with a smoother performance than the one under DTC.

scholarly journals Quality of learners at the start of each educational process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdennasser Naji
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
True Value ◽  
Previous Cycle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

The education system is organized in the form of cycles, each feeding the one following it with learners. They will continue their studies in the destination cycle, and their future will certainly depend, at least in part, on the quality of the skills acquired in the previous cycle. Given the divergences and disparities existing between the different cycles mainly due to the fact that each responds to its own design logic and in the absence of coordination between them, there is a huge lack of quality to gain at the interface of the cycles . The referral system that plays the role of supply service needs to be updated to strengthen educational quality, but it is not the only one. It is also necessary to help the orienting staff to assess the quality of the learners at its true value, to set up partnership links between the cycles to help each other in favor of quality, and to set up reception control systems at the entry of each cycle, supported by corrective and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Analysis of assessment criteria for selected systems of transport means operation

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Łukasz Muślewski ◽  
Leszek Knopik ◽  
Bogdan Landowski ◽  
Oleh Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Time Moment ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sociotechnical System ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Technical Systems

The problems discussed in the study are connected with evaluation of complex technical systems functioning, in particular, transport systems. It was assumed that evaluation of their functioning depends on fulfilment degree of selected criteria. Therefore, it is important to determine a set of criteria including their type, number and importance. Since the research object is a public city transport system considered to be a sociotechnical system of the type: human (driver) –machine (vehicle) and the environment <H-M-E>, the criteria to be used for the assessment must include behavior of humans, operation of transport means, and the environmental impact. Thus, selection and determination of importance of significant, time variable, measurable and independent characteristics whose values, in a given time moment or a given time interval, define fulfillment degree of the criteria provide the basis for evaluation of such systems functioning. The quality of technical systems functioning in time is assessed on the basis of the criteria fulfilment degree or comparison and classification of different systems of the same type. It needs to be emphasized that the choice of optimal methods for selection of relevant criteria and determination of their impact on the analyzed system functioning is the research subject of study.

scholarly journals Selenium-Related Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko J. Lammi ◽  
Chengjuan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Stop Codon ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Nonsense Mediated Decay ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The One ◽  
Selenoprotein Mrnas

Selenium is a trace metal essential to human health, and its deficiency has been related to, for instance, cardiovascular and myodegenerative diseases, infertility and osteochondropathy Kashin-Beck disease. It is incorporated as selenocysteine to selenoproteins, which protect against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They also participate in the activation of thyroid hormone, and play a role in immune system functioning. The synthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine occurs via a special mechanism, which differs from the one used for standard amino acids. The codon for selenocysteine is the regular in-frame stop codon, which can be passed by specific complex machinery participating in translation elongation and termination. This includes the presence of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3&rsquo;-untranslated part of the selenoprotein mRNAs. Selenium deficiency is known to control both selenoprotein and non-selenoprotein transcriptomes. Nonsense-mediated decay is involved in the regulation of selenoprotein mRNA levels, both other mechanisms are also possible.

scholarly journals Application of neuro evolution tools in automation of technical control systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 016-025
Author(s):  
A.Y. Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
I.Z. Achour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Standard Problem ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Technical Control ◽  
Control Automation ◽  
Reinforcement Learn ◽  
Reinforced Learning ◽  
Technical Systems

Reinforced learning is a field of machine learning based on how software agents should perform actions in the environment to maximize the concept of cumulative reward. This paper proposes a new application of machine reinforcement learning techniques in the form of neuro-evolution of augmenting topologies to solve control automation problems using modeling control problems of technical systems. Key application components include OpenAI Gym toolkit for develop-ing and comparing reinforcement learn-ing algorithms, full-fledged open-source implementation of the NEAT genetic al-gorithm called SharpNEAT, and inter-mediate software for orchestration of these components. The algorithm of neu-roevolution of augmenting topologies demonstrates the finding of efficient neural networks on the example of a simple standard problem with continu-ous control from OpenAI Gym.

scholarly journals The Principle of Taxation Fairness from the Positions of Tax Sovereignty and the Rule of the People

Taxes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mikhail N. Sadchikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Law ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
The People ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxation Principle

The principle of justice is the principle of the entire system of law. The principle of fair taxation is the one of the basic principles of tax law. It is crucial question to find out the content of this principle. To author opinion there is public justice taxation but not individual fair taxation. That is to say, the taxation is unfair for individual sometime but it is fair taxation for social purposes. The public fair taxation principle is based on the tax sovereignty and it is generated by democracy. The article discusses the difference in the content of this principle in different states. For example it can be find out from different approaches of states to the progressive taxation question.

Privacy and the Identity Gap in Socio-Technical Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Heeney
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Informational Privacy ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The One

The chapter discusses the traditional expectations about privacy protection and argues that current models for the governance of data do not adequately fulfil these expectations. The traditional models of privacy protection are based on the assumption that strict anomymisation of released statistical data is the way to protect privacy and ensure public trust in the research enterprise. It will be argued that the main barriers to privacy preservation and the perpetuation of public trust are due to the capabilities of information technology on the one hand and the availability of numerous data sources on the other. Furthermore, both types of resource enable certain types of organisation to ‘read’ and categorise other people. The realities of data-processing technologies challenge the dichotomy, present in the legal framework for data-protection, between ‘personal’ and research data. This dichotomy, moreover, is not useful in the protection of informational privacy. The chapter will refer to several examples of uses of data in what are in effect ‘socio-technical systems’, which arguably challenge accepted methods of privacy protection in this area.

scholarly journals On a program manifold’s stability of one contour automatic control systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Zumatov
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Absolute Stability ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Lyapunov’S Second Method ◽  
Analysis Of Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Controllable Systems ◽  
Control Feedback

AbstractMethodology of analysis of stability is expounded to the one contour systems automatic control feedback in the presence of non-linearities. The methodology is based on the use of the simplest mathematical models of the nonlinear controllable systems. Stability of program manifolds of one contour automatic control systems is investigated. The sufficient conditions of program manifold’s absolute stability of one contour automatic control systems are obtained. The Hurwitz’s angle of absolute stability was determined. The sufficient conditions of program manifold’s absolute stability of control systems by the course of plane in the mode of autopilot are obtained by means Lyapunov’s second method.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF CIRCULAR MOTIONS IN MACHINES AND MECHANISMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
I. P. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Object A ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The One

In technical systems, including aviation and space technology, and in particular, in aircraft transmissions, bearings, orbital systems, helicopter mechanisms, and many others, the combined rotational movements are widespread, and when designing, it is important to understand the nature of joint motion. The paper aimed at the generalization of the principle of the combination of motions in circular movements. The author considered the x'0'y' coordinate system that rotates in the x0y coordinate system without angular acceleration with the velocity ω. The radius of rotation is equal to ρ1. Wherein 0x || 0'x', 0y || 0'y'. An object a rotates in the x'0'y' coordinate system without angular acceleration with the velocity ±ω. The radius of rotation is equal to ρ2. The study identified that at reverse rotations, the trajectory of joint motion represents an ellipse. The author determined all standard ellipse characteristics relating to the case under the study and identified the elliptical trajectory inclination. The study shows that if the joint motion trajectory is elliptical and the semi-axes are equal (ρ1+ρ2) and |ρ1−ρ2|, then an object a undergoes circular motion in the x'0'y' coordinate system without angular acceleration with the velocity −ω. Just as the result of the superposition of two non-accelerated straight movements is also non-accelerated, i.e. a uniform and rectilinear movement, at the one-way rotations, the joint motion trajectory represents a circle. At circular motions with multiple speeds, the joint motion trajectory represents a snail. The practical aspect of the study is determined by the fact that the resulting formulas can be directly used in the CAD system when performing design works.

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