scholarly journals Evaluation of socio-economic status of the skilled and unskilled workers of an organic farm of Himachal Pradesh, India- A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Dipika Rana ◽  
Anupam Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Unskilled Workers

In this study, an attempt was made to study the socio-economic status of the workers engaged in organic farming. The various healthy practices under organic farming like compost production, use of bio-pesticides, crop rotations, etc. increases soil health and quality of the food. The organic practices including Homa bhasm, Agnihotra and Biodynamic farming besides promoting healthy agriculture are expected to have seeming effects on behavioral aspects of the farm workers. However, apparently systemic information on social attributes of organic farm is still limited. The socio- economic aspects of an organic farm CSKHPKV, Palampur were documented through structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the use of indices, ratios and percentages. The various aspects as family structure and size, age distribution, caste structure, literacy level, occupational pattern, economic status behavioral aspects were evaluated. The skilled workers had nuclear family while unskilled workers had joint families, larger portion of workers in the organic farm belonged to younger age group (31 years), literacy index was high (4.32) in case of skilled workers while low (3.23) for unskilled workers. It was observed that in case of skilled workers majority of individuals were positively affected through increased farming knowledge, better wage rate, improved ethical and spiritual thinking while in case of unskilled workers no obvious positive reaction was observed for farming knowledge and wage rate though there was perceptible change in punctuality and spiritual thinking.  

Analisis Penentu Perbezaan Upah Mengikut Kemahiran Di Malaysia

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Azma Wail ◽  
Rahmah Ismail ◽  
Ishak Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Wage Ratio ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
And Training ◽  
Discriminatory Practice

Di Malaysia, permintaan terhadap kemahiran buruh telah mengalami perubahan kesan daripada perubahan struktur ekonomi. Kesan selanjutnya, berlaku perubahan dalam nisbah upah antara kemahiran yang memihak kepada buruh yang lebih mahir. Terdapat banyak faktor yang menentukan tingkat upah pekerja seperti modal manusia khususnya pencapaian pendidikan, pengalaman dan latihan, faktor demografi dan sektor pekerjaan. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah mengambil kira semua perbezaan dalam pemboleh ubah yang berkaitan dengan produktiviti ini, perbezaan upah mengikut jenis pekerjaan atau kemahiran masih berlaku yang boleh disebabkan oleh perlakuan diskriminasi majikan. Kertas ini bertujuan mengenal pasti penentu perbezaan upah mengikut kemahiran di Malaysia. Analisis berdasarkan kepada data 2,216 ketua isi rumah yang dikutip pada tahun 2007/2008, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan pemboleh ubah modal manusia memainkan peranan utama dalam menentukan tingkat dan perbezaan upah mengikut kemahiran. Selanjutnya, hasil kajian juga menunjukkan 64.25 peratus daripada perbezaan upah pekerja mahir dengan pekerja separuh mahir dapat diterangkan oleh pemboleh ubah dalam model upah dan 35.75 peratus tidak dapat diterangkan. Bahagian yang tidak dapat diterangkan ini termasuklah amalan diskriminasi oleh majikan terhadap pekerja mereka. Bagi perbezaan upah antara pekerja mahir dengan tidak mahir pula, sebanyak 77.20 peratus dapat diterangkan dan 22.80 peratus tidak dapat diterangkan. Kata kunci: Perbezaan upah; diskriminasi; pekerja mahir; pekerja separa mahir; pekerja tidak mahir In Malaysia, demand for skills has been changing dramatically as a result of economic transformation. This subsequently resulted in changes in wage ratio between skills, which is more favourable towards skilled workers. However, it has been argued that wage rate does not merely depend on the demand for labour, but there are other factors that can influence workers’ wages. These include human capital variables like educational attainment, experience and training; demographic factors and job sectors. Even after taking into account the variations in these productivity-related variables, occupational wage differentials may still prevail as a result of employers' discriminatory practice. This paper attempts to measure wage differentials determinants by skills in Malaysia. The analysis is based on 2,216 heads of households data collected in 2007/2008. The result revealed that human capital variables play a major role in determining the level of wage and its differentials between skills. Moreover, the result demonstrates that 64.25 percent of skilled-semi skilled wage differentials are explained by the incorporated variables in the wage model, whereas 35.75 percent are unexplained. This unexplained portion includes the employers’ discriminatory practice against their workers. For the skilled-unskilled wage differentials 77.2 percent are explained and 22.8 percent are unexplained. Key words: Wage differentials; discrimination; skilled workers; semi-skilled workers; unskilled workers

Inkan Seals as Tools of Labor Selection in Early 20th Century Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-257
Author(s):  
Mayo MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Referral Hiring

Abstract In this study, I analyze a hiring mechanism prevalent in the coal mining industry in the first decade of the 1900s by investigating ‘job applications’, which are assumed to have functioned as employment contracts. These job applications include the names, ages, addresses, and previous occupations of 775 applicants, as well as the names of respective referrers, all of which have been compiled in a database. It is noteworthy that some of the applicants affixed personal seals to their job applications. At the time, the use of seals—a traditional Japanese practice—was not pervasive throughout the entire citizenry, as it is now. Coal miners of that era tended to be rustic people with little formal education who were accorded a relatively low socio-economic status. In this article, we explore possible motivations underlying their use of seals. Our results indicate a statistically significant tendency toward the use of seals among these relatively low-skilled workers, as well as a tendency for applicants who used seals to be hired directly by the mining company, rather than through referral hiring, even though the latter was widely used at the time. These trends are consistent with the supposition that the company sought disciplined and diligent workers to hire people who owned seals. This is also consistent with the supposition that low-skilled workers employed seals as a signal to project an image of diligence.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status of fish retailers in Jashore sadar, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Mita Rani Adhikary ◽  
Md Aminur Rahman ◽  
Abdulla Al Asif ◽  
Ripon Kumar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

The study was conducted to determine the fish retailer’s livelihood and socio-economic status in three markets of Jashore for a period of six months from February to August, 2016. The average net profit of fish retailers was found higher in Boro bazaar (Tk.350) followed by Palbari bazaar (Tk.325), Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar (TK.275). The average age groups of 20-65 years were found among the markets. The study shows that 53% fish retailers had nuclear family and 47% had joint family. Most of the housing conditions were kacha (69%) and Muslim fish retailers were predominant in all markets. Among the total 45 traders interviewed, 42% were illiterate, 31% have primary level education, 24% have secondary level education and none of them had bachelor level of education. It was found that fish retailers of Boro bazaar and Palbari bazaar sold an average of 35 kg fish daily, compared with Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar 15 kg per day. The daily supply of fish in Boro bazaar can be estimated at 1.6 MT (25 retailers’ × 65 kg) while 0.3 MT (15 retailers × 20 kg) and 0.45 MT (15 retailers × 30 kg) in C.B Bazar and Palbari bazaar respectively. Improvement in basic infrastructure such as, clean water supply, sanitation facilities, adequate drainage and ice facilities are recommended by the present study. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 100-108

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies in the Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
S. R. Devegowda ◽  
Saket Kushwaha ◽  
P. S. Badal
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The study focused on extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies and socioeconomic status of the farmers in the eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh. Data collected from flood and usar affected blocks of Varanasi and Chandauli subjected to analysis. High adoption of climate resilient technologies noticed followed by low and medium adoption. Farmers belonged to middle age and young age adopted climate resilient technologies more compare to old age farmers. Illiterates adopted less compare primary and secondary educated farmers, where they adopted more. Nuclear family constituted more in high and low adoption groups similar pattern followed in joint family. Among all groups of adoption, the medium family size accounted for the most adoptions, followed by the medium and big family sizes. Low income was predominant among farmers of all groups whereas high adopted farmers had higher income than medium and low adopted farmers. The majority of the farmers had medium farming experience, which affected positively on adoption more than high and low experience, low adopted farmers having less expertise. Farmers with a high extension contact used more climate resilient technology.

scholarly journals Emigration, Immigration, and Skill Formation: The Case of a Midstream Country

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
Unskilled Workers

This study theoretically investigates the economy of a small country that exports skilled labor to higher developed countries and simultaneously imports unskilled labor from lower developed countries. Compared with the free immigration case, if this country adopts an optimally controlled immigration policy by imposing income tax on immigrants to maximize national income, skills formation is negatively affected and the number of domestic unskilled workers increases. Moreover, under certain conditions, we can assert the counter-intuitive possibility that the wage rate of domestic unskilled workers may decrease but that of skilled workers may increase owing to the restriction of foreign unskilled workers.

scholarly journals ICDS: is it reaching the all child beneficiaries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3679
Author(s):  
N. Pragathi Kumar ◽  
Tagaram Ramchandra
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Random Method

Background: The beneficiaries under the scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers, women in the age group of 15-44 years and adolescent girls in selected blocks. Irrespective of caste, religion, socioeconomic status all beneficiaries are eligible for availing of services under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme. BPL is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS2. Present study is to recognize whether all categories of people are utilizing the services or not irrespective of economic status, religion etc.Methods: Descriptive observational study done for period of one year, sampling done by multi stage (random) method. Study conducted in ICDS centers in the field practicing area of Kakatiya medical college Warangal, Telangana, India. 622 children from 31 anganwadi centres of 0 to 6 year age were included.Results: Majority (71.7%) were belongs to ‘0 to 3’ years of age group, male (50%) and female (50%) were equally in distribution. majority (78.3%) were Hindus. Majority parents (father-84.9, mother 84.2) were literates and mothers were unemployed/housewives, fathers were skilled workers (28%) followed by farmers (22%). Majority were (35.4%) belonged to middle, followed by lower middle (30.2%) level of socio economic status.Conclusions: There were less number of 3 to 6 years age category population in the study, means that age group is not getting covered properly by ICDS. Two extremes (higher and lower categories) of education, occupation, socio economic status parents were not properly utilising the ICDS services for their children.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status of fishermen of the Marjat Baor at Kaligonj in Jhenidah district, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Banerjee Bappa ◽  
Md. Mer Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Bipul Kumar Dey ◽  
Shirin Akter ◽  
Md. Hasan-Uj-Jaman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The People ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Almost All

This study was carried out to assess the socio-economic status of fishermen of the Marjat Baor at Kaligonj of Jhenidah district. Fifty fishermen from 50 families were interviewed. Results revealed that 94% respondents were married and age varied between 30 and 45 years. Almost all the fishermen were Hindus (96%). Most of the people of the community were illiterate (60%) and among all of the school going children (58%) were boys and (42%) were girls. Above fifty percent people lived in nuclear family. 40% people lived in earthen house, constructed by grass leaves and mud. Only a few (18%) of them were found to be use electricity. Primary occupation of 60% respondents was fishing and few were also involved in agriculture. They were often found to suffer from various diseases due to lack of pure drinking water. Majority of them got fever and receive treatment from quack. Only twelve percent (12%) women were engaged in making nets for fishing. Annual household income of maximum beneficiaries (44%) was below BDT 30,000 and above BDT 50,000 found in only 4% cases. In the present study, educational, organizational, and technical credit support were very crucial to develop their better socio-economic conditions.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIOECONOMIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF OCULAR CHEMICAL INJURIES IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN CENTRAL INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shweta Walia ◽  
Sapna Sabnani ◽  
Vijay Bhaisare
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Central India ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Chemical Injuries ◽  
Ocular Chemical Injuries

PURPOSE: To identify risk factors of Ocular chemical injuries by studying demographic, socio-economic and clinical characteristics of patients and suggest preventive measures. DESIGN: Prospective hospital-based study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who presented to tertiary care hospital in central India with ocular chemical burns during February 2019-2020.METHODS:In this study a total of 41 patients (49 eyes) were included.Patient data recorded were Age, Gender, Occupation, Education, socio-economic status, location and mode of injury, type of chemical, use and awareness of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and first aid.Clinical characteristics studied were initial and final Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), grade of injury, Intra- ocular pressure (IOP) at presentation, management and complications.The variables were evaluated for potential relationships with visual outcome.RESULTS:Average age was 32.05+15.1 years with Male:Female ratio of 1.9:1.Total of 13 patients (31.7%) were illiterate,belonged to Upper Lower IV socio-economic class (n=20, 48.8%). Most were semi-skilled workers (n=19, 46.3%) and 61% of the total injuries occurred at workplace.Accidental mode of injury was more prevalent (n=38,92.7%),most common causative chemical was alkali (n=27 eyes,55.1%).Low grade burns (Grade 1,2 and 3) were most observed (n=34,69.38%).Majority of eyes (n=39,79.6%) were medically managed.Risk factors for poor final BCVA using multivariate logistic regression analysis was poor initial BCVA (p =0.011) and grade of chemical injury (p =0.007).Conclusion:Chemical injuries are commonly encountered by patients of low Socio-Economic Status (SES), who are mostly illiterate. Most sustained injury at workplace and were not using PPE.These findings identify need for awareness programs with audio-visual components that are easily understood.It also highlights need for safer workplace practices.

scholarly journals A study of nutritional status and personal hygiene among adolescent girls of rural Bikaner

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3413
Author(s):  
B. L. Vyas ◽  
Renu Sethia ◽  
Rekha Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Adolescent girls form an important vulnerable sector of population that constitute about one tenth of Indian population.Methods: The study was conducted at Udairamsar village at Bikaner which is the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner.Results: Out of 489 girls, 436 were Hindu. 73.21% girls were living in nuclear family and 60.32% girls belonged to socio-economic status IV. Out of 489 girls, 46.42% girls were anaemic and 2.04% girls were having vitamin–B deficiency.Conclusions: Anaemia was common problem among adolescent girls in rural area. The personal hygiene was good among adolescent girls.

Oral Language Behavior of Older Cerebral Palsied Children

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Hearing Acuity

A battery of six tests assessing various aspects of receptive and expressive oral language was administered to 27 cerebral palsied children and controls matched on the variables of age, intelligence, sex, race, hearing acuity, socio-economic status, and similarity of educational background. Results indicated only minimal differences between groups. Signs of deviancy in language behavior often attributed to the cerebral palsied were not observed. Although previous investigators have suggested consistent language disturbances in the cerebral palsied, evidence for a disorder of comprehension and formulation of oral symobls was not found.

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