scholarly journals Effect of air pollutants on some heavy metals and biochemical constituents of leaves of some plants at Bangalore city: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Manjunath B T ◽  
Jayaram Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Polluted Sites

Rapid urbanization in India has necessitated for undertaking remedial measures to minimize the alarming air pollution levels and consequent health effects. Promotion of vegetation that is tolerant to air pollutants is considered as an ecological sustainable strategy for mitigation of ill effects of particulate matters. In this regard the levels of four heavy metals viz. zinc (Zn) , lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) and its effects on antioxidants levels (Catalase activity), phytochemicals (Protein, Proline, Gallic acid)  and lipid peroxidation were studied in six commonly growing plants- O.sanctum, L. aspera, L.camara, V. rosea, B. spectabilis and R. communis from polluted (Zone I) and unpolluted (Zone 2) environments of Bangalore. Mean levels of heavy metals were comparatively higher in plants from polluted environments. Mean levels of Total protein (6.57±1.71 v/s 8.35±1.27 mg/g), gallic acid (15.79 ± 22.51 v/s 22.95 ± 25.66mg/g) and Catalase activity (66.72±17.95 v/s 78.94± 15.24 mU/g) was comparatively decreased in plants from polluted sites compared to non polluted control sites. Mean Proline (3.11±0.46 v/s 2.63±0.66 mg/g) and Malonaldehyde (19.07±13.86 v/s 16.62±13.49 nmol/g) levels, indicators of oxidative stress, was comparatively increased in plants from polluted sites. Positive correlation of lipid peroxidation in leaves was observed with heavy metals copper (r=0.961, P<0.005 in control sites; r=0.881, P<0.05 in polluted sites) and chromium (r=0.792 in control sites; r=0.758 in polluted sites). Zn levels showed statistically significant (P<0.05) positive correlation with gallic acid content in plant leaves (r= 0.871 in control sites: r= 0.937 in polluted sites). Total protein content showed significant negative correlation (P<0.005) with Cu (r=-0.846) and Cr (r=-0.943) in control sites, but non-significant negative correlation in plants from polluted sites. The study revealed that plants responded to stress induced by air pollutants and produced phenolic compounds to tolerate and mitigate the oxidative stress.

scholarly journals In Vivo Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Isolated from Peltiphyllum Peltatum Against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Erythrocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Fazel Nabavi ◽  
Solomon Habtemariam ◽  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam ◽  
Maria Daglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Gallic acid has been identified as an antioxidant component of the edible and medicinal plant Peltiphyllum peltatum. The present study examined its potential protective role against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. Oxidative stress was induced by NaF administration through drinking water (1030.675 mg m-3 for one week). Gallic acid at 10 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1 and vitamin C for positive controls (10 mg kg-1) were administered daily intraperitoneally for one week prior to NaF administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and the level of reduced glutathione were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Lipid peroxidation in NaF-exposed rats significantly increased (by 88.8 %) when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Pre-treatment with gallic acid suppressed lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities and glutathione levels were reduced by NaF intoxication by 54.4 %, 63.69 %, and 42 % (p<0.001; vs. untreated control group), respectively. Pre-treatment with gallic acid or vitamin C significantly attenuated the deleterious effects. Gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum and vitamin C mitigated the NaF-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes.

scholarly journals The Mechanisms of Glutamine- and Fish Oil-Supplemented Resuscitation Fluids on Alleviating Oxidative Stress of the Lung and Liver in Rats with Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Bing-Xiang Liu ◽  
Hui-Chen Lo ◽  
Chien-Hsing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be the cause of cellular and organ damage in patients with trauma hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (THR). Our previous study showed that resuscitation fluids supplemented with glutamine and fish oil, the antioxidants with anti-inflammatory activities, may alleviate systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the THR rats. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms of these supplements on alleviating THR-induced damage in the lung and liver, i.e., the 2 vulnerable organs in THR. Methods Male Wistar rats were suffered with 5 cm midline laparotomy and 2 catheterizations in the left carotid artery and right jugular vein individually for blood drawn to a mean arterial pressure 30 to 35 mmHg for 60 minutes and for resuscitation of shed blood and lactate Ringer's solution with or without L-alanyl-L-glutamine (13.5 mmole/kg/day) and/or fish oil (0.5 g/kg/day) within 10 minutes. The different resuscitation fluids were continuous infused (∼1.4 ml/h) for 42 hr. Normal healthy rats and intubation sham-operated rats were included as controls. Results In the lung, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were significantly decreased by glutamine with or without fish oil (one-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). Fish oil was the main factor to decrease myeloperoxidase and activated caspase 3 in the lung of the THR rats (two-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). In the liver, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and TLR4 and the THR-decreased catalase activity were improved by glutamine and/or fish oil. In addition, fish oil was the main factor to decrease inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to increase IkB and phosphorylated NF-kB and glutamine was the main factor to decrease activated caspase 3 in the liver of the THR rats. Conclusions These results suggest that fish oil may alleviate neutrophil infiltration and NOS activation and fish oil and glutamine may elevate catalase activity and alleviate apoptosis to attenuate the THR-induced damage in the lung and liver. Funding Sources MOST 102-2320-B-030-005-MY3.

scholarly journals INCREASED URINARY 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2′-DEOXYGUANOSINE EXCRETION IN A SAMPLE OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN WITH BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR: MARKER FOR LIPID PEROXIDATION-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Mona A Elabd ◽  
Dina Abu Zeid ◽  
Marwa A Elhady ◽  
Maged A El Wakeel ◽  
Ghada M El-kassas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Egyptian Children

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate oxidative stress status in children with β-thalassemia major.Methods: Our study was conducted in children with β-thalassemia aged from 5 to 15 years. Investigate the urinary excretion of human 8-oxo-7,8- dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, which will be analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To investigate serum levels of antioxidant enzymes include glutathione s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT).Results: We found a significant elevation of the urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine level with p=0.001 compared to control group, a significant reduction of both GST and CAT p=0.05 and 0.03, respectively, compared to control group. There was a significant negative correlation between urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanisine and CAT level, r=−0.378, p=0.016, hemoglobin - r=−0.610, p=0.001, hematocrit (%) - r=−0.478, p=0.002, while a significant positive correlation between urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanisine and alanine aminotransferase - r=0.547, p=0.001, and serum ferritin - r=0.391, p=0.013. There was a significant negative correlation between CAT and serum ferritin - r=−0.320, p=0.44.Conclusion: We conclude that the strongly increased urinary excretion 8-oxo-7,8=dihydro-2′-deoxyguanisine indicates elevated lipid peroxidation induced DNA damage in internal organs such as the liver. These highly pro mutagenic lesions may contribute to the increased risk of thalassemia patients to develop hepatocellular carcinoma.

The impacts of heavy metals on oxidative stress and growth of spring barley

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Juknys ◽  
Giedrė Vitkauskaitė ◽  
Milda Račaitė ◽  
Jonė Venclovienė
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOxidative stress is accepted to play a significant role in stress symptoms, caused by different stressors in a variety of organisms. In this study seedlings of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were exposed to a wide range of copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium concentrations in order to determine the relationships between heavy metals-induced oxidative stress and plant growth inhibition. All investigated heavy metals induced an essential increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction of dry biomass along with an increase in metal concentration in the nutrient solution. A very close and statistically significant exponential relationship between lipid peroxidation and growth inhibition was detected in this study. According to the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the intensity of nonspecific oxidative stress is identified as the main factor of barley growth inhibition, explaining 75% of total variance. Almost 10% of growth inhibition is attributed to the specific impact of heavy metals. The most pronounced increase of malondialdehyde content and growth inhibition was observed in Cu and Cd treatments, whereas the lowest changes in observed indicators were detected after exposure to Zn and Pb.

scholarly journals Characterization of Oxidative Stress in Various Tissues of Diabetic and Galactose-fed Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Strother ◽  
Tonya G. Thomas ◽  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins III
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione

Rats fed a galactose-rich diet have been used for several years as a model for diabetes to study, particularly in the eye, the effects of excess blood hexoses. This study sought to determine the utility of galactosemia as a model for oxidative stress in extraocular tissues by examining biomarkers of oxidative stress in galactose-fed rats and experimentally-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: experimental control; streptozotocin-induced diabetic; insulin-treated diabetic; and galactose-fed. The rats were maintained on these regimens for 30 days, at which point the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione were determined in heart, liver, and kidney. This study indicates that while there are some similarities between galactosemic and diabetic rats in these measured indices of oxidative stress (hepatic catalase activity levels and hepatic and renal levels of oxidized glutathione in both diabetic and galactosemic rats were significantly decreased when compared to normal), overall the galactosemic rat model is not closely parallel to the diabetic rat model in extra-ocular tissues. In addition, several effects of diabetes (increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity in kidney and heart, decreased renal and increased cardiac catalase activity) were not mimicked in galactosemic rats, and glutathione concentration in both liver and heart was affected in opposite ways in diabetic rats and galactose- fed rats. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented the activity changes in renal and cardiac superoxide dismutase, renal and cardiac catalase, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase as well as the hepatic changes in lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione, and the increase in cardiac glutathione. Thus, prudence should be exercised in the use of experimentally galactosemic rats as a model for diabetes until the correspondence of the models has been more fully characterized.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Mercury Phytotoxicity with a High Nutritional Level of Nitrate in Alfalfa Plants Grown Hydroponically

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Carrasco-Gil ◽  
Cristina Ortega-Villasante ◽  
Juan Sobrino-Plata ◽  
Ángel Barón-Sola ◽  
Rocío Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background and aims Mercury (Hg) is one of the most dangerous pollutant heavy metals to the environment, which causes several toxic effects in plants upon accumulation, such as induction of oxidative stress. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting macronutrient for plants, being mostly assimilated as NO3─ which is reduced to NO2─ by the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), prior its reduction to NH4+.Methods We studied the physiological alterations caused by Hg (0, 6 and 30 µM) in alfalfa plants grown at two different levels of NO3─: low, (2 mM; LN), and high (12 mM; HN) for one week using a semi-hydroponic culture system.Results Several parameters of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content, biothiol concentration and, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity showed that HN plants were less affected by Hg. Nitrate reductase activity and NO3─ concentration was altered under Hg stress, with lower impact in plants nourished with high NO3─. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of the nitrogen nutritional status to improve tolerance to toxic metals like Hg.

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS POLLUTION OF WHEAT FIELDS (SOIL AND LEAVES) SAMPLED FROM BASRAH AND MAYSAN PROVINCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Qusai Hattab MADHI ◽  
Mohammed Hamza ABASS ◽  
Abdulnabi Abdul Ameer MATROOD
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
Wheat Leaves

This study was conducted to estimate the level of some heavy metals, mainly Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in the soil and wheat leaves of some wheat fields in Basra and Maysan province; the sampling areas were Al-Qurna, Al-Madinah, Al-Amara, Kumit, Ali Al-Sharqi, and Ali Al-Gharbi. It was performed the analysis using the Flame Atomic Spectrophotometer. The results indicated an increase in the concentrations of above mentioned these heavy metals in all examined areas; the levels in agricultural soils were found to be exceeding the internationally permissible limits according to EU-2000 standards, the highest levels of pollution were observed at Al- Qurna site with significant differences than other sites for both available and total HMs concentrations in soils. Indicating that the arrangement of the metals according to their available concentrations in the analyzed soil was as follows: lead (21.32 )˃ cobalt (14.63) ˃ chromium (11.06) ˃ cadmium (1.15) as mg/Kg of soil. Additionally, results showed that the highest lead content in the wheat leaves was examined in the Qurna fields (0.175 mg/kg), followed by Amara with a concentration of 0.136 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of lead was observed in wheat leaves in the Kumit fields (0.007 mg/kg). In terms of Cd concentration in wheat leaves, the highest level was observed in Al-Qurna, with a significant difference from other fields, reaching 0.009 mg/kg. The lowest concentration of this HM was recorded in Ali Al-Gharbi, which reached 0.002 mg/kg. The results of the correlation between the available concentration of heavy metals elements and soil characteristics revealed a significant correlation between the soil pH and lead, cadmium, and chromium available concentrations, whereas no correlation with cobalt and a significant correlation between soil EC and lead was observed and a highly significant negative correlation with the cobalt. Results proved the high levels of pollution in all examined areas in Basra and Maysan provinces.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Propolis and Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Oumeddour ◽  
Djahida Zaroure ◽  
Raziqua Haroune ◽  
Rima Zaimeche ◽  
Karima Riane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Stress Parameters

Background: Propolis (PRS) and probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus are natural products used as dietary supplement for their therapeutic benefits. This study was performed to examine the possible hepatoprotective effect of PRS and probiotics (PRCs) against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Methods: Experimentally, intoxicated rats received 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 (i.p.) daily for six days, pretreated rats received per os PRS 100 mg/kg or PRCs 109 CFU for six days followed by a single dose of 0.5 ml/kg CCl4. Control groups received either PRS, PRCs or olive oil for six days. Then, serum biochemistry (total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin) and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Results: We showed that CCl4 treatment was associated with an increase of the serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol and triglycerides levels. In parallel, serum total protein, albumin and blood sugar levels were significantly decreased. Regarding the oxidative stress parameters, catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were lower, conversely to the lipid peroxidation (MDA). Conclusion: Our results strongly support that administration of PRS and PRCs may significantly protect liver against CCl4-induced toxicity by enhancing antioxidative stress pathway and preventing lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayanna B.S. Fonseca ◽  
Jucélio S. Gameleira ◽  
Jerson M. Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽  
Clara S. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stored Blood

ABSTRACT: Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure of great importance for veterinary medicine, in spite of only few studies in the literature on hemotherapy in goats. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats submitted to homologous transfusion of fresh whole blood or stored for 15 and 35 days. Eighteen adult male goats were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 30% of the blood volume, and we transfused 20mL/kg of whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags according to the experimental group, being: G0 composed goats who received fresh blood, G15 and G35 goats that received blood stored for 15 and 35 days, respectively. For the biochemical evaluation, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, blood samples were collected at the following moments: before the induction of anemia (TC0); 6 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion (TC1); 1, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours after transfusion (T1, T6, T12, T24 and T96 respectively); 8, 16 and 32 days after transfusion (T8d, T16d and T32d respectively). Before transfusion, blood samples were also withdrawn from the bags for the same analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed in the statistical program GRAPHPAD PRISM 5.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. The bags of blood stored for 15 and 35 days showed more biochemical changes, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than fresh blood bags. As for the biochemical analysis, after the transfusion was observed an increase of the total protein, albumin, glucose and creatine kinase in the 3 groups, and elevation of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea in G15 and G35. The changes observed in the blood gas analysis had no clinical significance, as they were within the reference values for the species. The goats that received stored blood showed disorder in their antioxidant system through alteration of the SOD activity. In the analysis of lipid peroxidation no difference between the groups for the concentration of malondialdehyde was found. Thus, it can be concluded that transfusion of whole fresh stored blood in goats did not compromise the blood gases, lipid peroxidation and liver and renal functions of the transfused animals. In addition, the method was proved to be efficient to restore, among other components, the total protein and albumin. The transfusion, as performed in this study, proved to be safe for used in the clinical practice of goats.

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