scholarly journals Characterization and categorization of Indian mustard genotypes for agro-morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
Neeru Neeru ◽  
N. K. Thakral ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Hari Kesh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Tall Plant ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Yellow Petal

A total of sixty genotypes and germplasm lines were evaluated and characterized for 14 quantitative and 8 qualitative traits in Brassica juncea. Observations were recorded on the basis of scores given in the DUS descriptor. Majority of accessions were very late in maturity and medium in flowering. No variability was observed for leaf length and leaf width. On the basis of branches, most of the genotypes were classified under intermediate category. Long main shoot length (31), medium number of siliquae on main shoot (46), medium density on main shoot (52), short siliqua length (51), very tall plant height (38), few numbers of seeds per siliqua (33), medium 1000-seed weight (38), medium seed yield per plant (32) and low oil content (40) were observed in most of the genotypes. For qualitative traits, most of the genotype showed dark green leaf color, sparse hairs, dentation of leaf margin lyrate type, open leaf growth habit, yellow petal color, semi-appressedsiliqua angle with main shoot and intermediate siliqua surface texture. Wide (Yellow, Dull grey, Reddish brown, Brown and Black) diversity has been observed for seed color.

scholarly journals Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4613-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Alexandre ◽  
Elizabeth Webb ◽  
Amaelle Landais ◽  
Clément Piel ◽  
Sébastien Devidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Leaf Biomass

Abstract. Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter, but there is a lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model–data comparisons. Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations have laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen isotope composition (δ′18O and 17O-excess) of phytoliths, that can preserve in sediments, as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However, it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact δ′18O and 17O-excess of plant water and phytoliths be examined. Here, the effects of grass leaf length, leaf development stage and day–night alternations are addressed from growth chamber experiments. The triple oxygen isotope compositions of leaf water and phytoliths of the grass species F. arundinacea are analysed. Evolution of the leaf water δ′18O and 17O-excess along the leaf length can be modelled using a string-of-lakes approach to which an unevaporated–evaporated mixing equation must be added. We show that for phytoliths to record this evolution, a kinetic fractionation between leaf water and silica, increasing from the base to the apex, must be assumed. Despite the isotope heterogeneity of leaf water along the leaf length, the bulk leaf phytolith δ′18O and 17O-excess values can be estimated from the Craig and Gordon model and a mean leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent (λPhyto-LW) of 0.521. In addition to not being leaf length dependent, δ′18O and 17O-excess of grass phytoliths are expected to be impacted only very slightly by the stem vs. leaf biomass ratio. Our experiment additionally shows that because a lot of silica polymerises in grasses when the leaf reaches senescence (58 % of leaf phytoliths in mass), RH prevailing during the start of senescence should be considered in addition to RH prevailing during leaf growth when interpreting the 17O-excess of grass bulk phytoliths. Although under the study conditions 17O-excessPhyto do not vary significantly from constant day to day–night conditions, additional monitoring at low RH conditions should be done before drawing any generalisable conclusions. Overall, this study strengthens the reliability of the 17O-excess of phytoliths to be used as a proxy of RH. If future studies show that the mean value of 0.521 used for the grass leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent λPhyto-LW is not climate dependent, then grassland leaf water 17O-excess obtained from grassland phytolith 17O-excess would inform on isotope signals of several soil–plant-atmosphere processes.

Floral- and leaf-character variation in waratah (Telopea speciosissima, family Proteaceae), with reference to conservation and horticultural improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Leaf Character ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Univariate analysis (ANOVA) of waratah (Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br.) floral and leaf characters, chosen primarily for their horticultural importance, showed that there were detectable differences among populations and indicated, for most characters studied, that variation was greater among the tested natural populations than within. There were significant differences between some populations for all variables except inflorescence height. Inflorescence colour, particularly style colour, showed the greatest variation among populations and leaf margin type, leaf width and flower number were also variable. Inflorescence width, bract number, bract width, leaf length and leaf apex shape were variable within populations; however, they were less useful in distinguishing between populations. Multivariate analysis of characters (principle component analysis, PCA; or canonical variate analysis, CVA) showed unique character combinations in several of the populations studied. Natural waratah populations of this species can, therefore, be explored for unique, although subtle character variations for horticultural development. Conservation efforts should seek to maintain genetic diversity in natural populations and ensure that cultivated populations capture and maintain an appropriate level of diversity for continued selection and horticultural improvement.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and evolutionary diversification of the Central European endemic Spergularia echinosperma (Caryophyllaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
PAVEL KÚR ◽  
UWE AMARELL ◽  
HORST JAGE ◽  
MILAN ŠTECH
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
River Deposits ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
The Elbe River

The patterns of morphological variation and distribution of the rare Central European endemic Spergularia echinosperma were investigated. Morphometric analyses revealed the existence of two distinct morphotypes differing each other mainly in seed color, which is either brown or black. Other differences are in density of the seed surface papillae, height and shape of the papillae, seed width, pedicel/capsule and internode/leaf ratios, and leaf length. A geographic separation of the morphotypes also exists. The black-seeded morphotype occurred nearly exclusively in drained fishponds in the south-western part of the Czech Republic, the brown-seeded morphotype was found in drained fishponds in the eastern part of the Czech Republic and in alluvial pools and river deposits of the Elbe River (Germany). We hypothesize that the black-seeded morphotype may have been indigenous in former natural lakes which were widespread in the SW-Czech Republic and they were frequently transformed into fishponds. The brown-seeded morphotype may have its origin in river alluvia of the Elbe (Germany) and possibly also of other rivers in the Czech Republic. Since the two morphotypes are morphologically and geographically well separated, we propose to describe the brown-seeded morphotype as a new subspecies for science, S. echinosperma subsp. albensis subsp. nov.

scholarly journals Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Characterization of Neolamarckia Cadamba Genetic Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
R. Thirunirai Selvan ◽  
K. T. Parthiban ◽  
B. Palanikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Bark Texture

Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam) genetic resources were characterised Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) traits based on International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants12 guidelines. Twenty-five clones of kadam were characterised based on the morphological characters of leaf and bark with 12 descriptors. Among these 12 descriptors, 9 were qualitative traits viz., leaf shape, Leaf base shape, apex shape, leaf margin, leaf venation, base symmetry, Waxiness in upper side of leaf, bark colour and bark texture and 3 were quantitative characters viz., leaf length, leaf breath, leaf petiole length. The study exhibited significant variations among the genetic resources investigated for various DUS traits, which could act as reference traits for developing variety to protect the genetic resources through Intellectual Property Rights.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS FOR VARIOUS NITROGEN REGIMES IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA (L.) CZERN. AND COSS.]

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Harmeet Singh Janeja
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Research Endeavor

The research endeavor to study the effect of nitrogen levels on yield and its attributing traits including both quantitative and qualitative characters was undertaken by utilizing eleven diverse commercial Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars and forty-five hybrids raised in alpha lattice design with two replications under three nitrogen levels viz., control; 75 kg Nitrogen /ha and 150 kg Nitrogen /ha. at the experimental farm of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar Punjab. The traits viz., days to flower initiation, 50 percent flowering and maturity; plant height; number of secondary branches; test weight; seed yield; harvest index; oil content; seed & chaff nitrogen and Seed & Chaff Nitrogen uptake increased with the increase in nitrogen levels. On the other hand, the number of seeds per siliqua decreased with the increase in Nitrogen level. Some traits viz. Number of Primary branches & Siliqua on main shoot; length of main shoot and biological yield were found unaffected and didn’t depicted a clear trend at Nitrogen levels under study.

scholarly journals Effects of temperatures on growth, physiological, and antioxidant characteristics in Houttuynia cordata

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12536
Author(s):  
Yu-Syuan LI ◽  
Kuan-Hung LIN ◽  
Chun-Wei WU ◽  
Yu-Sen CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) is a traditional medicinal plant with a variety of pharmaceutical activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth, photosynthetic parameters, and antioxidant properties of HC plants in response to various temperatures. Pots of HC plants were maintained in day/night temperatures of 15/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/20 °C (control), 30/25 °C, and 35/30 °C for two months in each of five growth chambers having a 13.5 h photoperiod at 396, 432, 474, 449, and 619 µmol·m-2·s-1 radiation, respectively. Eight plants for each temperature were randomly placed in a growth chamber. HC plants survived at 30/25 °C and 35/30 °C treatments and had significantly higher plant heights, leaf numbers, and soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values compared to other treatments. However, long-term 35/30 °C treatment caused reductions in leaf length and width, significantly decreasing shoot and leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) compared to 30/25 °C treatment and controls. These results indicate that HC leaf development was affected during the 35/30 °C treatment, and that both SPAD and NDVI can help in advancing our understanding of the photosynthesis process in HC. Moreover, all plants subjected to 15/10 °C suffered more severely in all traits and parameters than other treatments. Therefore, HC plants tended to be heat-tolerant and exhibited adaptive morphologic plasticity to 30/25 °C conditions. Positive and significant correlations were observed among temperatures and total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and hyperoside (HO) content, and all bioactive contents increased as temperature increased, except that both CGA and HO content were remarkably decreased after 30/25 °C treatment. Thus, 30/25 °C treatment would be more beneficial for high marketability resulting from increased leaf number, DW, and all secondary metabolites compared to other treatments, and for use as a health food and for medicinal purposes. In addition, leaf growth, physiological parameters, and secondary metabolite accumulations in HC plants can be optimized for commercial production via temperature control technologies. This approach may also be applicable to leafy vegetables to produce stable industrial supplies having high leaf yields and metabolite content.

scholarly journals Biomorphological features of floribunda roses leaves and their importance for ornamental gardening

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
A. A. Brovdi ◽  
◽  
V. V. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Compound Leaf ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
National University ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Landscape Gardening

The results of morphometric analysis of the leaves in floribunda roses varieties, such as Pomponella, Lovely Green, Carmagnola, Arthur Bell, Lilli Marleen, Westpoint, Minerva, Novalis, Goldelse, Rotkappchen, Friesia, Lavaglut, Iceberg, Santa Monika, Mathias, Bella Rosa, Cream Abundance, Hans Gonewein, Let's Celebrate and Gebruder Grimm, which have different origins and differ significantly in morphological and decorative characteristics are presented. The studies were conducted during 2018–2021 on the experimental plots of the Department of Landscape Gardening of Uman National University of Horticulture according to the generally accepted method. The description of the morphological traits of the varieties was carried out by the method of visual assessment using measurements and calculations. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied genotypes significantly differ in the biometric parameters of the compound leaf, features of the surface of leaf blades, their shape and size. The highest leaf blades areas were noted in the varieties Novalis 15.1 сm2, Rotkappchen 12.0 cm2 and Pomponella 11.8 cm2. The lowest biometric traits of the leaf were recorded in the varieties Santa Monika, whose compound leaf length is 9.2 cm, Mathias 9.1 cm, Bella Rosa 10.8 cm and Cream Abundance 9.8 cm. The size of the leaf, its shape, color and gloss, are important for the overall impression of the planting object and determine the decorative value of the respective variety. Of all the varieties, Westpoint, Rotkappchen, Hans Gonewein, and Gebruder Grimm have the glossiest leaves. The bright shine together with dark green color of the leaves of these varieties make their bushes more expressive and bright and, therefore, more attractive for use in ornamental gardening. The results of the study are of practical importance, since they make it possible to select varieties that are valuable for ornamental gardening, not only in decorativeness of the flower, but also in the characteristics of their leaf appearance.

Reduced cellular cross-sectional area in the leaf elongation zone of wheat causes a decrease in dry weight deposition under saline conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Cross Sectional

Expansion and dry weight (DW) of wheat leaves are spatially distributed along the axis and affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the spatial distribution of cellular cross-sectional area and DW in the elongating and mature leaf zones of leaf 4 of the main stem of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona) during its linear growth phase. Plants were grown in illitic–chloritic silt loam with 0 and 120 mM NaCl in a growth chamber. Cellular cross-sectional area and DW contents of leaves were determined on the 5–20-mm scale along the leaf axis. Spatial distribution of cellular cross-sectional area changed slightly with distance within the elongation zone in both treatments. The cellular cross-sectional area of the leaf at 120 mM NaCl was reduced by 32% at 5 mm, as compared with about 36% averaged from the region between 5 and 30 mm from the leaf base, indicating that the reduction in the cellular cross-sectional area by salinity occurred mainly at the leaf base when the leaf initiates. A slight decrease in the DW per leaf length at a given location in the elongation zone may be due to the strongly decreased cellular cross-sectional area by salinity. This suggests that the limitation of leaf growth by salinity may be due mainly to the effect of salinity on leaf expansion, but not due to the effect on the synthesis of dry matter.

Stem and leaf growth of alpine sun and prairie shade ecotypes of Stellaria longipes under different photoperiods: role of ethylene

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Walton ◽  
Leonid V. Kurepin ◽  
David M. Reid ◽  
C.C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Stellaria Longipes ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Radiation Conditions

Plant ecotypes of Stellaria longipes Goldie from competitive, shade-adapted prairie habitat and less competitive, nonshaded alpine habitat were subjected to shortened or extended photoperiod conditions. Increasing daylength was positively correlated to increased stem elongation in both ecotypes. Leaf length and area for shade (prairie) plants was significantly altered with increased photoperiods, whereas sun (alpine) plants exhibited minimal leaf expansion in response to increased photoperiod. Increased ethylene evolution in the alpine genotype during rapid stem elongation and extended photoperiods suggests that ethylene plays a growth regulatory role in this sun-adapted genotype. The prairie genotype evolved less ethylene during these same periods, indicating either a diminished requirement for elevated ethylene to effect elongation and leaf expansion responses or possibly increased ethylene sensitivity because of interactions with other hormones, such as gibberellin or auxin. The sun genotype consistently produced more ethylene than the shade genotype under all photoperiod treatments. We conclude that photoperiod alters stem elongation and leaf expansion responses; similar trends were observed for extended photoperiods as were observed for shaded conditions, specifically low light intensity (photosynthetically active radiation) conditions. Further, ethylene levels altered during these responses, especially in sun-adapted alpine plants, which suggests that ethylene is involved in these growth responses.

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