scholarly journals Sources and Ways of Controlling Manufacturing Industrial Waste in the Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Atsu, A. M ◽  
Thwala, W. D. ◽  
Aigbavboa, C. O.
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
The Cost

Manufacturing waste forms part of industrial waste which is also rooted in solid waste. In Ghana, the ruling government has a flagship project known as one district one factory (1d1f). Most of these factories that are established and yet to be established are manufacturing industries. No doubt that these industries will generate lots of waste which must be managed properly. Also, the more factories are built, the more waste will be created. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and try to control the exact sources of waste generation on the production line of manufacturing industries. The method used was literature review, and interview of industry players. From the literature review, it was found that several sources of waste have been established such as municipal sources of waste, medical/clinical sources, agriculture sources, end-of-life-of automobile, industrial sources of waste, construction/demolition sources, and electronic sources of waste (eschooltoday, 2020, amauomo and baird, 2016) whiles the results from the interview session revealed that the exact point on the manufacturing line of the industry, which can be termed as sources of waste are; at the beginning, and sometimes the end of the production line. Observation on the production line also confirmed the perception of the factory hands, that at the beginning, and the end. Once the sources are identified, it is possible to control it. In conclusion, it was revealed that factory hands do not make critical observation on the production line. They agreed that if the sources are identified and controlled, it will reduce the cost of production which will increase their profit margin. It is therefore recommended that manufacturing industries should take much interest in identifying the sources of waste creation on their production lines. Also, they should take measurement seriously when feeding raw materials into the production line.

Evaluating Design Alternatives of an Extruded Food Production Line Using Simulation

SIMULATION ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Owens ◽  
Reuven R. Levary
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Food Production ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Line Design

Several designs of a manufacturing line for the production of extruded foods were developed and compared with the current production line design. The manufacturing line consisted of six unit operations: batching, grinding, extruding, drying, further processing, and packing. The authors performed the comparisons by simulating the current design and the proposed alternatives. The alternatives consisted of modifications to the extruder-dryer and/or packing line designs. The simulation results indicated that all the alternate designs roughly doubled system throughput compared to current designs but did not differ significantly in performance among themselves. The doubled output is worth about $2.5 million per year. This is easily enough to justify the cost of new equipment. One design would cost less to implement than the others and thus was the preferred option.

The effect of environmental regulations: a restricted cost function for Korean manufacturing industries

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYUNGHUN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decline

Environmental conservation requires society to consider the trade-off between allocating resources to productive activities and pollution control activities. Therefore, it is informative to measure the effect of environmental regulations on firms' productivity. This paper attempts to estimate the impact of environmental regulations on Korean manufacturing industries. Despite being key inputs in the manufacturing process, raw materials have often been excluded from the cost function due to the lack of price data. A restricted cost function is used to improve the reliability of parameter estimates. Empirical results indicate that environmental regulations caused a 12 percent decline in the average annual rate of productivity growth over the period 1982–93.

scholarly journals Construction of affordable housing using local building materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
V. V. Tytok
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Cost

Trends in housing development should be based on the geographical location and climatic conditions of the region, national characteristics and culture, natural resources, transport links, density and living standards. Construction significantly affects the socio-economic development of the region. In this regard, increasing the sustainability of the regional construction complex, which is based on the building materials industry and the construction industry is a relevant and promising area of research.Demand in the building materials market continues to stimulate increased interest in the development of new types of efficient and inexpensive building materials. Since construction is one of the most material-intensive sectors of the economy, which consumes a large number of construction materials and products, various measures are taken to reduce their cost.In this regard, recently in the construction seek to make greater use of local building materials. This allows you to unload transport from long-distance transportation and significantly reduces the cost of construction. However, the building materials industry cannot develop by focusing only on natural sources of raw materials, as the costs of their extraction and processing are constantly growing. The use of man-made waste provides production with a rich source of cheap and often already prepared raw materials, which reduces the cost of manufacturing building materials.One of the promising areas in the construction of affordable housing is the maximum use of building materials and products that can be obtained from local raw materials and industrial waste. As local building materials are offered: clay, sand, soil, straw, reeds, flax. The use of industrial waste solves both environmental, fuel and energy problems and expands the raw material base of building materials.

scholarly journals Модифікована технологічна лінія виробництва експандованих омбікормів

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
В. П. Дмитриков ◽  
О. О. Назаренко ◽  
М. І. Запорожець
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Factors Of Influence

Визначено проблеми, що склалися у сфері виробництва зернових комбікормів. Розібрано будову і компоновку гнучких технологічних ліній з переробки аграрної сировини. Проаналізовано фактори впливу на екструзійні процеси переробки продукції рослинництва. Запропоновано модифіковану технологічну лінію виробництва експандованих комбікормів різного призначення. The problems that have developed in the production of grain feed were found. The structure and layout of the flexible production lines for the processing of agricultural raw materials was considered. The factors of influence on the processes of extrusion processing of crop production were analyzed. A modified technology of animal feed production line expanded for various purposes was recommended.

MODERN APPROACHES TO AUTOMATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF EQUIPMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION LINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN SOROKIN ◽  
◽  
NIKOLAY SOROKIN ◽  
EFIM PESTRYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Automation Tools

When developing and operating industrial production lines where chemical and technological processes for processing organic raw materials are carried out, exceptional importance is attached to ensuring reliable control over the course of the technological process. To solve this problem, there are needed modern digital devices and microprocessor controllers, which will allow to control the process through personal computers. The article considers approaches to automation of the production line and proposals to automate the selection of modular equipment for its manufacture based on certain criteria. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a software package for controlling automation tools installed on modular equipment when creating new technological lines for processing organic raw materials in industrial volumes. (Materials and methods) Authors studied the theoretical foundations of automation development at the present stage. Authors used scientific materials and articles that consider various approaches to solving the problems of automation of technological lines for processing organic raw materials. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a control algorithm, functional and schematic diagrams for automating the main technological operations on the production line. Authors determined the algorithm for selecting modular equipment adapted to automation for the development and assembly of production lines based on the customer’s technical specification. The article presents a version of the matrix based on the software materials used in order to develop a project for automating the main technological operations on the production line. (Conclusions) The article shows that the scientific novelty consists in the creation of information and software for specialists in the development of automated production lines for processing organic raw materials based on multivariate solutions for its formation from the optimal equipment available on the market.

Fracture Energy Analysis of Eco-Concretes in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Carlos Aquino ◽  
Shogo Yagi ◽  
Takahisa Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Molten Slag ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Filling

The raw materials from household garbage and industrial waste have increased its usage in the concrete and cement industries. These eco-materials have helped the environment, avoiding pollution, land filling or burning of waste and the usage of other natural resources. However, the cost of many eco-materials is still higher than that of common natural materials. It is necessary to study in detail its behavior and properties to decrease its cost and increase its performance. This research deals with Eco-cement and molten slag aggregate which main raw materials are household garbage and industrial waste. Concretes produced with Portland cement and Eco-cement were mixed with gravel, limestone, quartz and molten slag aggregates to compare its properties. The fracture energy, strength and modulus of elasticity tests were performed and discussed in this paper. The concretes produced with Eco-cement and molten slag aggregate show better results than those produced with Portland cement and natural aggregates.

scholarly journals Study on Manufacture of Production Line and Characteristics of Rice Straw Seedling Trays

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 370-383
Author(s):  
Yifei Li, Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
The Cost

As the late processing of rice straw may consume the cost and pollute the environment, this paper put forward a method to use the rice straw, namely, the rice straw is used as the raw material for making seedling trays. The process of seedling tray production was designed, and the method of obtaining raw materials and steps of seedling tray production were introduced. In addition, the overall structure, transmission system and the forming mold of the pneumatic molding machine were also designed and produced. Next, the seedling trays were made by using the production line to analyze the characteristics of the rice straw seedling strays. The study was intended to explore the rules about the influence of moisture content on the characteristics of the seedling strays. As the moisture content of the seedling trays increased, the seedling trays expanded, increasing the volume, density and mass. However, the ultimate tension and shear force borne by the seedling stray decreased along with the increase of moisture content. It could be known from the analysis that: rice straw seedling trays could satisfy the needs of rice nursery. Compared with the traditional plastic seedling tray, the rice straw seedling tray can simplify the production process and provide natural nutrients for rice seedlings.

In FAB 300mm Wafer Level Atomic Force Probe Characterization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Kane
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract A 300mm wafer atomic force prober (AFP) has been installed into IBM’s manufacturing line to enable rapid, nondestructive electrical identification of defects. Prior to this tool many of these defects could not detected until weeks or months later. Moving failure analysis to the FAB provides a means of complementing existing FAB inspection and defect review tools as well as providing independent, non-destructive electrical measurements at an early point in the manufacturing cycle [1] Once the wafer sites are non destructively AFP characterized, the wafer is returned to its front opening unified pod (FOUP) carrier and may be reintroduced into the manufacturing line without disruption for further inspection or processing. Whole wafer atomic force probe electrical characterization has been applied to 32nm, 28nm, 20nm and 14nm node technologies. In this paper we explore the cost benefits of performing non-destructive AFP measurements on whole wafers. We have found the methodology of employing a whole wafer AFP tool complements existing in-line manufacturing monitoring tools such as brightfield/dark field optical inspection, SEM in-line inspection and in-line E-beam voltage contrast inspection (EBI).

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

scholarly journals Costs and Benefits of Autonomous Shipping—A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4553
Author(s):  
Ewelina Ziajka-Poznańska ◽  
Jakub Montewka
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Benefit Estimation ◽  
Autonomous Ship ◽  
The Cost

The development of autonomous ship technology is currently in focus worldwide and the literature on this topic is growing. However, an in-depth cost and benefit estimation of such endeavours is in its infancy. With this systematic literature review, we present the state-of-the-art system regarding costs and benefits of the operation of prospective autonomous merchant ships with an objective for identifying contemporary research activities concerning an estimation of operating, voyage, and capital costs in prospective, autonomous shipping and vessel platooning. Additionally, the paper outlines research gaps and the need for more detailed business models for operating autonomous ships. Results reveal that valid financial models of autonomous shipping are lacking and there is significant uncertainty affecting the cost estimates, rendering only a reliable evaluation of specific case studies. The findings of this paper may be found relevant not only by academia, but also organisations considering to undertake a challenge of implementing Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in their operations.

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