Genotypic diversity and live weight in the populations of the Chukchi breed reindeer

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
G. Brizgalov ◽  
L. Ignatovich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Purpose: study of associations of live weight and genotypic traits in reindeer populations.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020. on the basis of 8 agricultural enterprises in Chukotka. Tissue samples (ear pinch) of deer of different sex and age groups served as material for genetic studies. In molecular genetic studies, 1002 samples were used. Individual genotyping of animals was carried out using the ISSR-PCR method. The live weight of the reindeer was determined using the materials of the zootechnical reports of the reindeer farms. Associations of the average population indices of genetic diversity and live weight of deer were established by a calculation-statistical method of comparing the values of values. The correlation coefficient was calculated by the product method according to the Pearson formula.Results. The variability of ISSR markers in populations indicates a significant similarity between them in most of the allelic frequencies, which confirms the common origin, economic and breeding use of the Chukchi breed deer. The populations are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Differences in live weight between highly productive and less productive populations on average for all sex and age groups of deer amounted to 16.8%. At the same time, the populations with a high live weight of deer significantly exceeded the populations with a lower live weight in the average number of alleles per locus by 5.0% (P <0.01), the number of effective effective alleles - by 11.8% (P <0.001), polymorphic information content index (PIC) - by 35.8% (P <0.01). The homozygosity coefficient in the low-productive animals was 12.6% higher than in the high-productive group. In the populations with the highest live weight of deer - WZR, WAE and AMG, the most significant indicators of genetic diversity were also found: the average number of alleles per locus is 8.57; 10.45 and 8.71; effective alleles per locus - 7.57; 9.10 & 8.15; expected heterozygosity - 0.868; 0.890 & 0.877; PIC index - 0.248; 0.380 and 0.374, respectively. In populations with a low live weight of deer - OST and CHN, the smallest values of the number of active effective alleles per locus were found - 6.68 and 6.41; expected heterozygosity - 0.850 and 0.844, PIC index (proportion of heterozygotes) - 0.151 and 0.254. The correlation coefficient between the indicator of live weight and the genetic diversity of deer turned out to be equal for the average number of alleles per locus r = 0.335; the number of effective alleles - r = 0.52; heterozygosity - r = 0.558, the proportion of heterozygous variants - r = 0.646.Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to state the existence of a dependence of the live weight of deer on the genotypic diversity in the populations of the Chukchi breed.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Ethiopia using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Workia Ahmed ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Sumaira Farrakh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Abstract Background Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a perennial monocotyledonous plant belonging to the Arecaceae family, a special plant with extraordinary nature that gives eminent contributions in agricultural sustainability and huge socio-economic value in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. Evaluation of genetic diversity across date palms at DNA level is very important for breeding and conservation. The result of this study could help to design for genetic improvement and develop germplasm introduction programmes of date palms mainly in Ethiopia. Results In this study, 124 date palm genotypes were collected, and 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were used. Among 10 microsatellites, MPdCIR085 and MPdCIR093 loci showed the highest value of observed and expected heterozygosity, maximum number of alleles, and highest polymorphic information content values. A total of 112 number of alleles were found, and the mean number of major allele frequency was 0.26, with numbers ranging from 0.155 (MPdCIR085) to 0.374 (MPdCIR016); effective number of alleles with a mean value of 6.61, private alleles ranged from 0.0 to 0.65; observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.355 to 0.726; expected heterozygosity varied from 0.669 to 0.906, polymorphic information content with a mean value of 0.809; fixation index individuals relative to subpopulations ranged from 0.028 for locus MPdCIR032 to 0.548 for locus MPdCIR025, while subpopulations relative to total population value ranged from − 0.007 (MPdCIR070) to 0.891 (MPdCIR015). All nine accesstions, neighbour-joining clustering analysis, based on dissimilarity coefficient values were grouped into five major categories; in population STRUCTURE analysis at highest K value, three groups were formed, whereas DAPC separated date palm genotypes into eight clusters using the first two linear discriminants. Principal coordinate analysis was explained, with a 17.33% total of variation in all populations. Generally, the result of this study revealed the presence of allele variations and high heterozygosity (> 0.7) in date palm genotypes. Conclusions Microsatellites (SSR) are one of the most preferable molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of plants. In this study, we found the presence of genetic variations of date palm genotypes in Ethiopia; therefore, these genetic variations of date palms is important for crop improvement and conservation programmes; also, it will be used as sources of information to national and international genbanks.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure in populations of Orbignya phalerata Mart. under different exploitation intensities in the Brazilian savanna

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Ibanes ◽  
A.M. Sebbenn ◽  
V.C.R. Azevedo ◽  
M.A. Moreno ◽  
F.B. Gandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Diversity Structure

Abstract Genetic studies in tropical tree species have found signs of decreased genetic diversity and increased levels of inbreeding and spatial genetic structure (SGS) in fragmented and exploited populations. The aim of this paper was to investigate genetic diversity, structure, and intrapopulation SGS using eight microsatellite loci for three Orbignya phalerata populations that have undergone different intensities of seed harvesting. From each population, we georeferenced and sampled 30 seedlings, 30 juveniles, and 30 adult trees. The total number of alleles over all loci (k), and observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) presented lower values for the population experiencing more intense fruit harvesting than less heavily exploited populations, suggesting that fruit harvesting may decrease genetic diversity. Null alleles were detected in practically all loci among seedlings, juveniles, and adults in all populations, indicating that the estimates of Ho, He, and fixation index (F) are biased. When corrected for null alleles (FNull), the fixation index decreased for all samples, resulting in significantly higher than zero results for seedlings of all populations, but not for juveniles and adults of all populations. The comparison of FNull values between cohorts in the most heavily exploited population (ESP) suggests that inbred individuals are eliminated between seedling and adult stages. Significant SGS was detected up to 60 m in all populations, which indicates short distance seed dispersal. Genetic differentiation (G’ST) between pairwise populations was related to spatial distance between populations, with the greatest difference between more distant populations.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity of Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. plurivora in Maryland’s Nurseries and Mid-Atlantic Forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Beaulieu ◽  
Blaine Ford ◽  
Yilmaz Balci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Soil And Water

Genetic diversity of two Phytophthora spp.—P. cinnamomi (102 isolates), commonly encountered in Maryland nurseries and forests in the Mid-Atlantic United States, and P. plurivora (186 isolates), a species common in nurseries—was characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Expected heterozygosity and other indices suggested a lower level of diversity among P. cinnamomi than P. plurivora isolates. Hierarchical clustering showed P. cinnamomi isolates separated into four clusters, and two of the largest clusters were closely related, containing 80% of the isolates. In contrast, P. plurivora isolates separated into six clusters, one of which included approximately 40% of the isolates. P. plurivora isolates recovered from the environment (e.g., soil and water) were genotypically more diverse than those found causing lesions. For both species, isolate origin (forest versus nursery or among nurseries) was a significant factor of heterozygosity. Clonal groups existed within P. cinnamomi and P. plurivora and included isolates from both forest and nurseries, suggesting that a pathway from nurseries to forests or vice versa exists.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] germplasm of India revealed by SSR and InDel markers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth Tej Kumar Jagannadham ◽  
Thirugnanavel Anbalagan ◽  
Devendra Y Upadhyay ◽  
Snehal A. Kamde ◽  
Prafulla R. Jalamkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Indel Markers ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is an important commercial citrus fruit crop, cultivated in India and across the world. In India most of the cultivated sweet orange species were introduced varieties. In this study, we used two molecular markers, SSR and InDels, to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of seventy-two sweet orange genotypes. Genetic parameters consisted of a total number of alleles, a number of polymorphic alleles (effective alleles); genetic diversity (G.D.), expected heterozygosity (He), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated based on molecular data. Two dendrograms were constructed based on the InDels and SSR. In both the cases, they formed three major clusters showing various degrees of variations with respect to members of the clusters. Population structure analysis revealed the presence of two distinct subpopulations. Therefore, in order to address various challenges and develop sweet orange varieties with desirable traits, there is a need to broaden the genetic base of sweet orange through the intensive collection in the northeastern region. These results of intraspecific genetic variability of the collections will dictate the path for the sweet orange breeding and conservation programs in India.

scholarly journals Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Taif Chicken Ecotype Using Dense Microsatellites Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1962-1967
Author(s):  
Ayman Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
High Level ◽  
Weinberg Expectation ◽  
Dense Panel

The current study is the first comprehensive investigation to address the native chicken ecotypes of the Taif region to unravel the genetic diversity using a dense panel of 40 microsatellites (SSR). Blood samples were collected from 25 hens randomly sampled from a village farm at Taif governorate. A total of 147 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.7 alleles per locus. The overall mean of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.43. The average observed heterozygosity (Hobs) of 0.28 was lower than the expected heterozygosity (Hexp) of 0.48. Out of 40l ocionly11 loci showed insignificant deviation from Hardy Weinberg expectation. The ecotypes showed low genetic diversity (HS = 0.65) and a high level of inbreeding (FIS= 0.75). The high FIS is indicative of the endangerment potentiality of this ecotype. Nine SSR showed an inbreeding coefficient of one. The significant estimate of the inbreeding coefficient of the present study calls for an immediate breeding plan to preserve such endangered ecotypes. Results of the present study will provide an initial guide to design further investigations for the development of sustainable genetic improvement and conservation programs for the Taif ecotype genetic resources.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANCE OF SEROLOGICAL MONITORING FOR POULTRY ORNITOBACTERIOSIS THERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
I. K. Avdosieva ◽  
O. I. Chajkovska ◽  
O. B. Basarab ◽  
V. V. Regenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples

One of the main problems of poultry diseases is respiratory diseases. Among them a special place is occupied by ornithobacteriosis (ORT). Losses from ORT consist of: direct losses as a result of the disease - death of chickens, increased culling due to lameness, low live weight gain (up to 40%), reduction of carcass categories, reduction of egg production by 6-20%; indirect losses associated with the immune-suppressive effect of ornithobacteria, which increase the risk of other infections and prevent the formation of post-vaccination immunity. The diagnosis is established on the basis of epizootological data, clinical signs, pathological and anatomical changes, bacteriological and serological tests, positive bioassay. In most cases, infections caused by ornithobacteria are not diagnosed in time, the pathogen is difficult to isolate due to complications of other pathogens, or because experts are currently insufficiently aware of the ability of ORT to cause disease. ORT can be isolated by bacteriological method only at an early stage of the disease. The most relevant method of diagnosis is PCR. The advantage of the method is not only the isolation of DNA of individual cells of the pathogen in the sample, but also the ability to detect all serotypes. In addition, PCR is a successful diagnosis in the detection of ORT nucleic acid not only in tissue samples, but also in feces, eggs, dust, which is important for timely diagnosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to control the presence of ornithobacteriosis in bird. The presence of antibodies to this pathogen in poultry of many species indicates its wide circulation. Thus, when conducting serological monitoring of blood serum from different age groups of broilers aged 1-44 days, the percentage of positive samples ranged from 40 to 100, which indicates the circulation of the field strain of the pathogen ornithobacteriosis. The percentage of positive serum from broilers to ORT was: from 1 to 5 days - from 88 to 50, from 6 to 10 days serum were negative, while at 17, 21 days and from 32 days to the end of cultivation (44 days) – 100 %. The percentage of positive batches at the end of fattening ranged from 42-53 days in the range from 75 to 100%, indicating the circulation of the field strain of the ornithobacteriosis pathogen antibiotic therapy against this disease.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Markers in Hazelnut: Isolation, Characterization, and Cross-species Amplification

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla V. Bassil ◽  
R. Botta ◽  
S.A. Mehlenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Gaa Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Simple Sequence

Three microsatellite-enriched libraries of the european hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) were constructed: library A for CA repeats, library B for GA repeats, and library C for GAA repeats. Twenty-five primer pairs amplified easy-to-score single loci and were used to investigate polymorphism among 20 C. avellana genotypes and to evaluate cross-species amplification in seven Corylus L. species. Microsatellite alleles were estimated by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12 (average = 7.16) in C. avellana and from 5 to 22 overall (average = 13.32). With the exception of CAC-B110, di-nucleotide SSRs were characterized by a relatively large number of alleles per locus (≥5), high average observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He > 0.6), and a high mean polymorphic information content (PIC ≥ 0.6) in C. avellana. In contrast, tri-nucleotide microsatellites were more homozygous (Ho = 0.4 on average) and less informative than di-nucleotide simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as indicated by a lower mean number of alleles per locus (4.5), He (0.59), and PIC (0.54). Cross-species amplification in Corylus was demonstrated. These microsatellite markers were highly heterozygous and polymorphic and differentiated among genotypes of C. avellana irrespective of geographical origin. They will aid in fingerprinting genotypes of the european hazelnut and other Corylus species, genome mapping, and genetic diversity assessments.

scholarly journals Development of SSR Markers and Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Mycocentrospora Acerina Causing Round Spot of Panax Notoginseng in Yunan Province, China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Wang ◽  
Kuan Yang ◽  
Liwei Guo ◽  
Lifen Luo ◽  
Chi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Sanqi round spot, which is caused by Mycocentrospora acerina, is a destructive disease limits the production of Panax notoginseng in Yunnan province of China. However, the disease has not been studied comprehensively. In the current study, we identify M. acerina polymorphic microsatellite markers using CERVUS 3.0 and compare the genetic diversity of its isolates from P. notoginseng round spot using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-two SSR markers with good polymorphism were developed using MISA and CERVUS 3.0. The genetic diversity of 187 M. acerina isolates were evaluated using 14 representative SSR primers, and the polymorphic information content values of 14 sites ranged from 0.813 to 0.946, with a total of 264 alleles detected at 14 microsatellite loci. The average expected heterozygosity was 0.8967. The genetic diversity of M. acerina in Yunnan province does not reflect geographic specificity.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of a Sheep Population in Oaxaca, Mexico: The Chocholteca Creole

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Teodulo Salinas-Rios ◽  
Jorge Hernández-Bautista ◽  
Araceli Mariscal-Méndez ◽  
Magaly Aquino-Cleto ◽  
Amparo Martínez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Creole sheep in México have undergone crossbreeding, provoking the loss of genetic variability. The objective of the present study is to determine the intra-racial genetic diversity, the genetic relationship with other genotypes, and the populational substructure of the Oaxacan Creole sheep. Twenty-nine blood samples were obtained of Creole sheep of the Oaxaca Mixteca region in México. A genetic analysis was made with 41 microsatellites recommended for studies of genetic diversity in sheep. An analysis was made of genetic diversity, populational structure, and genetic distance with 27 other sheep populations. The study found 205 alleles with a range of 2 to 9 by locus and an effective number of 3.33. The intra-racial analysis showed a moderate genetic diversity with values of expected heterozygosity of 0.686 and observed of 0.756, a mean polymorphic information content of 0.609, and a mean coefficient of consanguinity of −0.002. In interracial genetic diversity for the coefficients of consanguinity, the values were FIS = 0.0774, FIT = 0.16993, and FST = 0.10028, showing an elevated genetic distance with other creole breeds, but close to Argentine Creole, to another Creole of México and the Spanish Merino. Its genetic structure showed that it does not have any populational subdivision nor mixes with the others analyzed. It is concluded that it is a distinct and isolated population and is proposed as the creole breed “Chocholteca” for its conservation.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EGYPTIAN ARABIAN HORSES FROM EL-ZAHRAA STUD BASED ON 14 TKY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Sargious ◽  
Ragab El-Shawarby ◽  
Mohamed Abo-Salem ◽  
Elham EL-Shewy ◽  
Hanaa Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Parentage Assignment ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Bioinformatics Software ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Arabian Population ◽  
Genetic Analyzer

The objectives of this study were, firstly, to conduct genetic characterization of Egyptian Arabian horses based on 14 TKY microsatellite markers, secondly, to investigate the powerfulness of these 14 TKY markers for parentage assignment of Arabian horses. A total of 101 horse samples including (Arabian = 71, Thoroughbred = 19 and Nooitgedacht = 11) were analysed by 14 TKY microsatellite markers. The PCR products were electrophoresed on Genetic analyzer 3500 with the aid of Liz standard. The basic measures of the allele’s size and genetic diversity were computed using bioinformatics software. The polymorphism of the TKY markers across the Arabian population showed moderate values for genetic diversity parameters; number of allele (NA) =8.143, effective number of allele (Ne) = 3.694, observed heterozygosity (HO) = 0.599, expected heterozygosity (HE) = 0.691, polymorphic Information Content (PIC) = 0.636 and Inbreeding coefficient (FIS)= 0.128. The combined probability of exclusion (CPE) value of the 14 TKY microsatellite loci of our Arabian horses was 0.9999. The results from current study confirm the applicability and efficiency of TKY microsatellite panel for evaluating the genetic diversity and parentage assignment of Egyptian Arabian horses.Key words: Arabian horses; genetic diversity; microsatellite; TKY markers GENSKA RAZNOVRSTNOST EGIPČANSKIH KONJ ARABSKE PASME IZ KOBILARNE EL-ZAHRAA NA PODLAGI 14 MIKROSATELITSKIH OZNAK TKY Izvleček: Nameni raziskave so bili genetska karakterizacija egipčanskih konj arabske pasme na podlagi 14 mikrosatelitskih označevalecv TKY ter raziskava moči 14 označevalcev TKY za dodelitev staršev arabskih konj. S pomočjo 14 mikrosatelitskih označevalcev TKY je bilo analiziranih 101 vzorcev konj (arabski = 71, čistokrvni = 19 in konji Nooitgedacht = 11). Produkte PCR so analizirali s pomočjo elektroforeze na genskem analizatorju 3500 s pomočjo Liz standarda. Osnovne mere velikosti alela in genske raznovrstnosti so bile izračunane s pomočjo programske opreme za bioinformatiko. Polimorfizem označevalcev TKY v arabski populaciji je pokazal zmerne vrednosti za parametre genske raznolikosti; število alelov (NA) = 8,143, efektivno število alelov (Ne) = 3,694, opazovana heterozigotnost (HO) = 0,599, pričakovana heterozigotnost (HE) = 0,691, polimorfna informacijska vsebina (PIC) = 0,636 in Inbriding koeficient (FIS) = 0,128. Skupna vrednost verjetnosti izključitve (CPE) 14 mikrosatelitskih lokusov TKY njihovih arabskih konj je bila 0,9999. Rezultati te raziskave potrjujejo uporabnost in učinkovitost mikrosatelitske plošče TKY za oceno genetske raznovrstnosti in starševske pripadnosti egipčanskih arabskih konj.Ključne besede: arabski konji; genska raznolikost; mikrosatelit; markerji TKY

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