Suicide in Australia—A Comparison with Suicide in England and Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Cultural Attitude ◽  
England And Wales

This study reports changes of suicide rate in Australia and in England and Wales in the twenty years up to 1976. Rates in both places reached a peak in 1963, related to increases in poisoning as a means of suicide. Decreases since then can be attributed partly to reduced likelihood of death after inhalation of domestic gas or after ingestion of poisons. There has been an increase in suicide deaths among younger people, but a decrease among older age groups. The two countries have patterns of suicide which are similar in many respects, the most striking difference being the frequency with which firearms are used by male suicides in Australia. There is good reason to believe that variation in availability of a means of suicide is the factor which has most effect on rates of suicide, though cultural attitude towards each method also is an important determinant of how much it will be used for suicide.

scholarly journals Emerging trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses in England and Wales (1990–9)

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. LAMAGNI ◽  
B. G. EVANS ◽  
M. SHIGEMATSU ◽  
E. M. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Invasive Mycoses

Invasive fungal infections are becoming an increasing public health problem owing to the growth in numbers of susceptible individuals. Despite this, the profile of mycoses remains low and there is no surveillance system specific to fungal infections currently existing in England and Wales. We analysed laboratory reports of deep-seated mycoses made to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1990 and 1999 from England and Wales. A substantial rise in candidosis was seen during this period (6·76–13·70 reports per million population/year), particularly in the older age groups. Rates of cryptococcosis in males fluctuated over the decade but fell overall (1·05–0·66 per million population/year), whereas rates of female cases gradually rose up until 1998 (0·04–0·41 per million population/year). Reports of Pneumocystis carinii in men reduced substantially between 1990 and 1999 (2·77–0·42 per million population/year) but showed little change in women. Reports of aspergillosis fluctuated up until 1996, after which reports of male and female cases rose substantially (from 0·08 for both in 1996 to 1·92 and 1·69 per million population/year in 1999 for males and females respectively), largely accounted for by changes in reporting practice from one laboratory. Rates of invasive mycoses were generally higher in males than females, with overall male-to-female rate ratios of 1·32 (95% CI 1·25–1·40) for candidosis, 1·30 (95% CI 1·05–1·60) for aspergillosis, 3·99 (95% CI 2·93–5·53) for cryptococcosis and 4·36 (95% CI 3·47–5·53) for Pneumocystis carinii. The higher male than female rates of reports is likely to be a partial reflection of HIV epidemiology in England and Wales, although this does not fully explain the ratio in infants and older age groups. Lack of information on underlying predisposition prevents further identification of risk groups affected. Whilst substantial under-reporting of Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptococcus species was apparent, considerable numbers of superficial mycoses were mis-reported indicating a need for clarification of reporting guidelines. Efforts to enhance comprehensive laboratory reporting should be undertaken to maximize the utility of this approach for surveillance of deep-seated fungal infections.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONGST STUDENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kohli ◽  
Neha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Postgraduate Level

This research paper analyses factors that impact entrepreneurial intention among graduate and postgraduate students enrolled in professional courses at government and private institutes in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the student’s academic background, demographic profile and family background impact various factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. The study was conducted during 2015-16 on a sample of 460 student respondents across various cities of Uttar Pradesh.The results of the analysis indicate that students of male gender, belonging to higher income, in older age groups, having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, belonging to business background and enrolled at postgraduate level are more likely to consider entrepreneurship as a more attractive career option, perceive that it is easier to start and do business, have more positive perception about family and societal support they receive in entrepreneurial career choice, are more open to risks and are more confident about their entrepreneurial skills and knowledge . The students having work experience, enrolled in government institutes, and belonging to business background are more likely to find availability of capital as a constraint in entrepreneurial career. The students belonging to older age groups, having work experience and enrolled in government institutes are more likely to consider availability of land/premise and resources as a constraint in entrepreneurial choice. The findings of this study will be instrumental in understanding and in designing policy imperatives for promoting entrepreneurship in the state.Key Words: Entrepreneurial intention, Students, Demographic factors, Family background, Educational background.

scholarly journals Distribution and titres of rotavirus antibodies in different age groups

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Hospital Patients

SUMMARYThree hundred and fifty-seven sera selected at random from hospital patients of all ages were examined for rotavirus antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (FA) and complement fixation tests (CFT). Three hundred and fourteen of these were also tested for neutralizing antibodies to human rotavirus. Sera from patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were excluded from this survey.FA antibodies were found in newborn infants but fell to undetectable titres at 3 months. The highest titres were found in children between the ages of one and three years. In older age groups, the modal titre fell gradually with increasing age until, in sera from those above 70 years of age, FA antibodies were almost undetectable. The same pattern was observed with neutralizing antibodies. A high modal titre of CF antibodies was only found in sera from those aged one to three years.

Memory Loss with Age: Acquisition and Retrieval

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schonfield
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Methodological Problems

Methodological problems arise when attempting to balance differences between age groups in acquisition, so that differences in remembering can be assessed. Higher recognition than recall scores in older age groups are unlikely to be due to partial input images when meaningful words are employed and therefore support the hypothesis of special retrieval difficulties.

PREVALENCE AND FEATURES OF GERIATRIC SYNDROMES TREATMENT IN OLD PATIENTS (CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Е. Д. Голованова ◽  
Н. Е. Титова ◽  
Т. Е. Афанасенкова ◽  
И. А. Аргунова ◽  
Т. Н. Янковая ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Outpatient Practice

Изучали распространенность хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ) у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста во взаимосвязи с синдромом старческой астении, распространенность саркопении в зависимости от гендерных особенностей и частоту встречаемости синдрома падений у пациентов старших возрастных групп с саркопенией. Анализировали особенности медикаментозной терапии в амбулаторной практике. Использовали метод комплексной гериатрической оценки у 528 пациентов, разделенных на три возрастные группы (65-74 года, 75-84 года, 85 лет и старше). Оказалось, что в структуре ХНИЗ у пациентов гериатрического профиля преобладают артериальная гипертензия, ИБС, а также их осложнения - ХСН и фибрилляция предсердий, частота встречаемости которых имеет выраженную возрастную зависимость и увеличивается у больных со старческой астенией. Для пациентов старших возрастных групп обоего пола характерно увеличение частоты встречаемости саркопении и связанного с ней повышенного риска синдрома падений, что необходимо учитывать при планировании лечебно-реабилитационных мер как в стационаре, так и при оказании первичной медикосоциальной помощи. We studied the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CND) in elderly and senile patients in conjunction with the syndrome of senile asthenia, the prevalence of sarcopenia depending on gender characteristics and the frequency of occurrence of the falls syndrome in patients with sarcopenia of older age groups. The features of drug therapy in outpatient practice were analyzed. The method of complex geriatric assessment was used in 528 patients divided into 3 age groups (65-74 years, 75-84 years, 85 years or more). It turned out that in the structure of CND in geriatric patients dominated: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and their complications - chronic heart failure and atrial fi brillation their incidence has a pronounced age dependence and increases in patients with senile asthenia. Patients of older age groups of both sexes are characterized by an increase in the incidence of sarcopenia and the associated increased risk of falls syndrome, which must be taken into account when planning treatment and rehabilitation measures both in the hospital and when providing primary medical and social care.

scholarly journals Effect of 11 September 2001 on suicide and homicide in England and Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Salib
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Group Integration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
External Threat ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe tragic events of 11 September 2001 and televised scenes of the terrorists' homicidal and suicidal acts could have had an impact on the behaviour of some people, who harbour suicidal ideation or homicidal tendencies.AimsTo assess the effect of 11 September 2001 on the rate of suicide and homicide in England and Wales.MethodAnalysis of the number of suicides (ICD–9 codes: E950–E959), undetermined injury deaths (E980–E989) and homicides (E960–E969) in England and Wales in the 12 weeks before and after 11 September 2001 and during a similar period in the previous two years.ResultsThe number of suicides reported in the month of September 2001 was significantly lower than other months in the same year and any September of the previous 22 years in England and Wales. A suicide reduction in men, regardless of age, occurred in the week starting Tuesday 11 September 2001. A reduction in female suicide occurred during the four weeks following the attack. There was no evidence of a similar effect on homicide.ConclusionsThe tragic events of 11 September 2001 appear to have had a brief but significant inverse effect on suicide. The finding of this study supports Durkheim's theory that periods of external threat create group integration within society and lower the suicide rate through the impact on social cohesion.

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